2022年新目标英语八年级上册单元重点总结 .pdf

学习必备欢迎下载Unit1 1. talk about sth谈论、谈论关于的事talk with sb 与某人交流、与某人谈论talk to sb跟某人交谈，强调单方面的说给某人听。2 how often 提问的是频率，意为“多久一次”How often does Bill go to the movies? Twice a week. 3Once一次twice 两次 three times 三次four times 四次Once a month twice a week three times a year four times a day 4 小结一下以 how开头的问句How soon 表示“多久以后”用“in+一段时间”来回答How soon will the girl come to China again? 那个女孩多久以后再次来中国？In about half a year. 大约半年以后how long表示“ （动作、状态持续或干某事花费）多长时间”how long=how much time 用“for+一段时间”来回答How long did your father work here?你父亲在这里工作多久了？For two years. 两年how far 表示“ （路程或距离）多远”用“表示距离的词或短语”回答How far is it from the museum to the cinema? 博物馆距电影院有多远Six miles 六英里how manymuch 表示“ （数量）多少”，其中 how many提问的是可数名词how much 提问不可数名词How many times have you been to the Great wall? 你去过长城几次？For two times两次How much water did you drink this morning?你今早喝了多少水Three glassed of water. 三杯水在提问商品的价格、付款的多少时用how much How much does the book cost? how old提问年龄5.he sometimes watches TV . Sometimes是一个时间副词，和always often usually hardly ever never等一样，都表示动作频率，多用于一般时态，常放在实义动词之前，系动词和情态动词、助动词之后。有时候为了加强语气这些副词也可放在句首或句末。He often goes to school on foot. I have never smoked. She is sometimes beautiful. 6.exercise 作动词“锻炼、运动” ，作名词“锻炼、运动、练习”We should exercise every day. 做动词Doing morning exercises can keep us healthy 作名词7As for homework,most students do homework every day. As for 相当于一个介词，意为“至于、关于、就而言”As for him,he won t go shopping .至于他，是不会去购物的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载8 the results for “ watch TV” is interesting. The result for表示 “关于的结果”the result of 的结果，两者可互换。Result是可数名词The results make us happy. We all know the results for the development of China.我们都知道中国的发展带来的结果The results of the discussion are different. 讨论的结果是不同的。9. I read books about twice a week. About “大约、几乎”近义词是 around 10. how often do you drink milk? drink，作及物动词，“喝、饮”drink tea drink，作名词“饮料、喝的东西”Don t put ice in your drink.别在你的饮料里放冰块。Milk 牛奶，是个不可数名词，但可用容器来量化Milk is good for our health. Would you like a glass of milk? Rice a bowl of rice 11.she says it s good for my health. be good for 对有益处be bad for对有害处be good to对待好be bad to对待不好we should be good to each other. 我们应该善待彼此。The boss is always bad to the workers. 这个老板总是对工人不好。12 health是名词“健康、健康状况” ，healthy 是形容词，“健康的”，反义词是 unhealthy. Healthily 是副词We all worry about your health. This kind of milk is pretty healthy Some unhealthy food may be delicious, but they are not good for our health. We must eat healthily to keep healthy. 13. but I am pretty healthy. Pretty作副词，表示“颇，相当”The movie is pretty interesting. 做形容词“漂亮的、美丽的”She is a pretty girl. Handsome修饰男子“帅气的”He is a handsome boy. 14 come home from school 放学回家come home from work下班回家15 my eating habits are pretty good. Eating habits 饮食习惯eating 是 eat的动名词形式，在这里作定语。在英语中， “动词 +ing”的形式可以作定语修饰名词，往往表示某事物的性质、作用、特征。吸烟习惯smoking habits 一个正在熟睡的婴儿a sleeping baby 一张写字台a writing desk 一匹奔跑的马a running horse 16 habit 习惯habit of doing sth做某事的习惯17 I try to eat a lot of vegetables. Try-tried-tried 尝试、努力、设法做某事try to do sth try not to do sth Try to be here on time tomorrow. 明天尽量按时来这儿精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载Please try not to be late . 18.a lot of =lots of=plenty of 大量、 许多， 即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。19. I never drink coffe. Never 是个副词，具有否定意义，意思是“从不、决不”可用于多种时态，反义词是always Never构成的反义疑问句，后半部分要用肯定形式。You have never told lies, have you? 你从没说谎，对吗 ? 20. of course=certainly 当然、当然可以21.so you see, I look after my health. 所以你看，我关心自己的健康So “因此、所以”，引导结果状语从句He is a kind man, so he has many friends. Because 引导原因状语从句，不能和so同出现在一个句子里面。Because he is a kind man, he has many friends. See除了表示“看见”意思之外，还表示“明白、知道、懂得” ，相当于 understand Oh， I see 噢，我明白了。Look after=take care of=take good care of 照料、照看、照顾、关心我离开时，谁能帮我照看我的花？Who can look after my flowers while I am away. 22. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? Lifestyle 生活方式、style 是“方式、风格”的意思，hairstyle 发式Be the same as 意为“与相同、一样”de different from“与不同”My eating habits are the same as yours. My eating habits are different from yours. Different 的名词形式是 difference, “不同处、异同”，是可数名词The difference between A and B. A 与 B 的不同精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载Unit2 1I have a stomachache. Ache 常指连续的、局部的疼痛，常和表示身体部位的词连用，一起构成复合词。 Headache头疼backache背疼toothache牙疼2. I have a cold. 我感冒了。Have a cold=get a cold=catch a cold 意为“患感冒”3 lie down and rest. Lie 是不及物动词，现在分词是lying; lie-lay-lain 躺lie-lied-lied-lying 撒谎rest动词，表示“休息”相当于have a rest. 3. hot tea with honey with 在这里是“具有、含有”的意思，这里用到了介词短语作后置定语的知识。With honey 修饰 tea放在其后。4. 小结 with 的用法With“与一起”I will have a dinner with my teacher. With“用工具”He open the door with the key. With“拿着、带着”，Our teacher came into the classroom with a dictionary. With“长着”He is a handsome boy with curl hair. 5. maybe you should see a dentist. See a dentist=go to the dentist s 看牙医See a doctor=go to the doctor s 看医生6 I m not feeling well. Feel是个感官系动词，后面要跟形容词作表语The baby is feeling hungry. 6. I think so 我想是这样I don t think so.我想不是这样7. I hope you feel better soon. You feel better soon是一个句子作宾语，叫做宾语从句。可以由连词that 引导。That有时候可以省掉。I hope (that) you feel better soon. I think (that) you are right. I know (that) you are good at English. 8.hope的用法。Hope that 引导宾语从句I hope they can come. Hope to do sthI hope you to come soon. 9.what is the matter with 意为“怎么啦”What is the matter with you? What is the matter with the computer? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载10. what s the matter的同义句What s wrong? What s the trouble? What s the problem? 11情态动词 should的用法，表示“应该、应当”情态动词后要用动词原形， 变一般疑问句时将should提前，变否定句时 should后加 not。We should listen to our teacher carefully in class. Should I tell him the news? We shouldn t be late for school. 12 traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. Traditinal Chinese doctors 传统中医Traditinal 是形容词“传统的”，名词形式“传统” tradition 13. believe“相信、认为”跟名词、代词作宾语，Believe sb“相信某人的话”I believe you. believe in sb“信任某人的人品”He is honest,you can belive in him. 14. eating fruits is good for you 动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。15. But people who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang. Stessed是个形容词，“ （精神上）紧张的、有压力的”out 是副词，表示“彻底地、完全地”be stressed out 过度紧张的，有压力的。Stress是名词，意为“压力、紧张” 。Under stress “在压力下”16But people who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang. who are too stressed out and angry 是一个由 who 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的名词 people，定语从句总是放在被修饰的词后面。He is the man who gave me the book. 他就是那个给了我书的人。17.it s easy to have a healthy life, and it s important to eat a balanced diet. It is +adj +to do sth 句型中， it 叫形式主语，代替真正的主语to do sth。意为“干是的”。因为不定式做主语较长，而谓语部分相对较短，it 代替后就克服了头重脚轻的弱点。有时候为了指出不定式动作的执行者，可以在不定式之前加上 for sb 构成：it is+adj+for sb+ to do sth”表示“对某人而言干是的”sb是不定式to do逻辑上的主语。It is dangeous for children to play with fire. It is interesting to go swimming. 18 stay healthy=keep healthy=be in good health 三者都表示“保持健康”19 I like your school in Beijing,but I m not feeling very well at the moment. 本句由是 but 连接的并列句。介词短语 in Beijing 作定语，修饰 school，At the moment=now 此时、此刻，相当于now 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载Unit3 1. for vocation, 度假for 表示目的、对象、用途等，意为“为了、给、对”等。比如 have milk for breakfast . Plan a birthday party for mother. Buy a pen for my son. On vocation, 在度假2 babysit-babysat-babysat 临时照顾小孩babysits是单三形式3 go+doing表示进行某项活动 , doing 前面不加任何修饰词。go swimming go shoping go fishing 注意对比do some washing do some reading do some shopping 4. I don t like going away for too long. Away 副词，离开、离去的意思。可以指空间或时间是上的“远离”Go away外出、离开be far away from远离、距离5send me a postcard from Hongkong. Send是双宾动词，即带两个宾语的动词。Send sb sth send sth to sb 寄给某人某物Send itthem to sb 6show me your photos when we get back to school. 本句是是一个复合句，含有when引导的时间状语从句。主句是祈使句。Show 也是一个双宾动词， show sb sth show sth to sb show itthem to sb 7用现在进行时表示将来动词的现在进行时态可以表示将来，表示打算、计划1） 询问准备或打算做某事what+isare+主语+doing sth? What are you doing for your mother s birthday? 2) 询问何时去某地， when+isare+主语+going? When are you going? When are you going to shanghai? 8提示一下英语中表达将来时态的几种情况：1） 助动词 willshall+动词原形。Will 用于各种人称， shall仅用于第一人称。Will you visit your friend in Bejing. 2) be going to + 动词原形I am going to help him to learn English. 3) be+动词不定式，表示按计划要做的事情。The meeting is to start at 8 4) be about to do sth, 表示即将要发生的事情The teacher is about to begin the class. 9what s it like there? 那地方怎么样？What+be+主语+like？意为“怎么样、 如何” 。主语既可以是人也可以是物。What is the weather like? What is your new teacher like? How+be+主语，可以和 What+be+主语+like？互换。10 注意 What+be+人+like？问的是人的性格或内在的东西，而What+do、does+ 人+ look like？问的是人的外表、长相精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载11, Ben lambert, the famous French singer, is taking a long vocation. the famous French singer 在句中作同位语， 修饰主语 Ben lambert。同位语用来说明前面名词或代词的意义，起进一步解释说明的作用，在句子中常前后用逗号与句子成分分开。Yao ming, a player from China, is playing in NBA in America. Famous 形容词， “出名的”Be famous for因而出名be famous as 作为而出名The city is famous for its lake. Lu xun is famous as a writer. 12.this time I want to do something different. Last time上次This time 这次 next time 下次Something different.不同的事情。形容词修饰不定代词作定语要后置。Anything new nothing important 13 I am planning to have a relaxing vocation. Plan sth 计划某物、某事plan to do sth计划做某事14 I am planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside Spend 表示度过、过时间、花费金钱或精力Spendon sth spend (in) doing sthCountryside 农村、乡村15 I hope I can forget all my problems. Forget忘记 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事forget doing sth忘记做了某事但是当表示“把某物忘在某处”时，只能用leave sth sp. I left my homework at home. 16 at night, I m renting videos and sleeping a lot. Rent 租用、出租rent sth from 从租进来ren sth to 给租出去A lot“很、非常”在句中作状语,后面不跟任何名词Thanks a lot. I eat a lot for lunch 17 I just finished making my last movie. Finish 的用法， “结束、完成”finish sth finish doing sth 18 she is leaving for Hongkong on Tuesday. Leave for+地点，表示“前往某地，动身去某地”When are you leaving for Japan? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载Unit 4 1. How do you get to school? 就交通方式进行提问，How do they go to work? Get to sp 到达某地go to sp去某地2ride a bike ride a horse drive a car take a bus take a train 3take+冠词+交通工具，表示“乘坐”同样还可以用“ by+交通工具”。乘地铁 take the subway 乘公交车 take the bus by bus 开小汽车 by cardrive a car 骑自行车by bike ride a bike 坐飞机 by plain by air 乘火车 by traintake the train 打的 take a taxi 4it takes about 25minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus. It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间5how far is it from his home to school? How far 就距离进行提问Fromto 从到，既可以表示空间也可以表示时间，既可以具体也可以抽象6shower 作动词，表示“淋浴”相当于“take a shower have a shower ”在这个短语中， shower是一个名词。7quick 和 fast 的区别quick 强调动作迅速fast 强调速度快quick 是形容词quickly 是副词8How do students around the world get to school? Around the world=all over the world 世界各地Around 既可以表示时间上大约，也可以表示地点上的环绕9. in other parts of the world,things are different. other 和others的用法1）在表示两个事物中“一个，另一个”时，用“onethe other+单数名词 ” 或“onethe other” the不能省My parents are both busy working, one is a doctor, the other is a teacher. 2) 当要表达在一定范围内的人或物， “有的，其余的全部”或“一个（或几个），其余的全部”时用“some the other+复数名词 ”或“some the others”Two children went,but the other children stayed. Two children went, but the others stayed. All the students of our class are working, some are digging,the other students the others are planting trees. 10. In China, it depends on where you are. Depend on =depend upon “视而定、取决于”Your success depends on your hard work. 11 And in places where there are rivers and lakes,like Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, students usually go to school by boat. 1)where there are rivers and lakes 是一个由 where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词places ，意为“在有河流和湖泊的地方” 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载This is the house where I lived 5years ago. 2) like Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, 是介词短语作插入语，用于列举，也可以用such as 和 for example，用 such as时不加逗号，用 for example 时前后要用逗号隔开 . And in places where there are rivers and lakes such as Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, students usually go to school by boat. And in places where there are rivers and lakes, for example, Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, students usually go to school by boat. 12. A small number of students take the subway. A number of+可数名词复数“许多”谓语动词用复数the number of+可数名词复数“的数量”谓语动词用单数A number of students in our class have been to Beinjing. The number of the students in our class is about 50. 13 hat do you think of =How do you like?你认为怎么样？你认为如何？14 she is ill in hospital. ill 是形容词，“生病的、不健康的”只作表语不作定语。The boy was ill yesterday. Sick 也表示“生病的、不健康的”，也是形容词，但它即可以作表语也可以作定语Her son is illsick. The mother is looking after her sick son. 15. Don t worry. Worry about over sbsth 为担心You needn t worry about what he said. Their children usually worry over their health. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载Unit 5 1. Can you comt to my party? Can you ? 你能吗？该句型表示客气地请求某人做某事。回答时肯定用I d love tolike to certainlyof course 否定用 Sorry, I can t. 2. have lessons 上课have a piano lesson 上钢琴课3. another 表示不定数目中的“另一个”This glass is broken, please give me another . the other两者中的“另一个”there are two apples here, one is red, the other is green. e and join us=come to join us. 该句是祈使句， 两个动作同时发生时， 动词位于祈使句句首经常用and 连接并列的成分，意义就如同动词不定式表达的意义。Come and have a look at our specials.=come to have a look at our specials. 5 情态动词 can的用法小结1) can 表示“能、能够”more and more Chinese can speak English. 2) can表示可能性，意为“可以、可能”you can read books here,but you must keep quiet. 3) can引导一般疑问句，放在句首，表示发出邀请。Can yo come to my birthday party? 7. weekday平日，工作日（星期一到星期五）on weekdays 在平常日8. weekend. 周末On at weekends在周末9. what s today?今天是什么日子？ -it s May Day what s the date today? 今天是几号？ -it s October1st what day is it today？今天星期几？ -it s Monday today. 10. thank you for your invitation. Invitation 是 invite 的名词形式，invite sb to do sth.邀请某人干某事11. whole 和 all 都可以表示“全部、整个的”但两者有区别1）whole 位于冠词、物主代词或其他限定词之后，结构为：限定词 +whole+单数名词，All 位于这些限定词之前，结构为：All+ 限定词 +单数名词He slept all the way on the train. He slept the whole way on the train. 2) 接复数名词时，结构为：all+限定词 +复数名词、 the whole of+复数名词。All the students are going to the movies. The whole of the students are going to the movies. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 20 页学习必备欢迎下载Unit6 1thank you for your last letter. Last 是形容词，意为“最后的、最新的、最近刚过去的”here is the last news. 这是最新消息。December is the last month of a year. 十二月是一年中最后一个月2. here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying. Herethere+ 谓语动词 +名词 here is the book for you. 这是给你的书Herethere+ 代词 +谓语动词here you are! 给你这些叫做倒装句。3. as you know正如你知道的as you can see 正如你看到的as you hear 正如你听到的as表示“正如”4. we both have black eyes and black hair, although my hair is shorter than hers. Both 在句子中作 we 的同位语。 Both 意为“两者的、双方的”We both like books. Both are new. Both of the books are new. Although 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，即使”Hers 是名词性物主代词，句中hers=her hair，形容词性物主代词后必须跟名词、名词性物主代词后不跟名词。Is this book -? No,-book is over there. A hers; her B her;her C her;hers D hers; hers 5 however 与 but 的区别However 较正式，可以放在句首、句中、句末，但but 只能放在句中。However 前后都要用逗号隔开，而but 不用。5. Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common. In common “公共的、共有的”have sth in common “有相同之处”6. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister. Be good at “擅长” =do well in Be good at sth be good at dong sth As+adjadv+as 和一样He runs as quickly as me. Not asso+adjadv+as 不如一样，和不一样7 形容词的比较级和最高级1）构成：单音节加 erest，多音节加 more、most 不规则的须特殊记忆：Goodwellbetterbest badbadlyworseworst Manymuchmoremost