2022年新人教版八年级英语下册unit1知识unit1what .pdf

2014 新人教版八年级英语下册知识点总结Unit 1 Whats the matter? 一、基本知识点1. Whats the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？Whats the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.? 2. I had a cold. 我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu have a fever have a cough 咳嗽have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼have a toothache 牙疼have a headache 头疼3. 身体部位 +ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backace 后背痛4.much too+ 不可数名词，意为太。 。 。5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough 放在名前后，形副后。good enough 足够好， enough money=money money 6. lie down 躺下，lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie 说谎，过去式lied 7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be，是情态动词 +be 的结构， 意为“可能， 也许”，后加名词、 代词或形容词。 He may be angry. 8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像” ， The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；need to dosth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车）get on 上车11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事，同意某人的看法、观点12. trouble 问题，麻烦；be in trouble make trouble ， have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties(in) doing sth。13. right away=right now=at once ，意为此刻。14.【复习】 advice 不可数名词 劝告，建议，向征求意见，give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth.Advisedoingsth . 15. 【复习】 exercise 动词意为锻炼，可数时意为练习，不可数时意为运动。16. hurt 及物动词，使, 疼痛， , 受伤， He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词， , （部位）疼。His leg hurt badly. 17. clean 【动词】，clean the classroom ，【形容词】， cleaner 意为清洁工。18. hit（用手或器具）打；击打精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。19. be used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯于、适应了, 、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used tocountry life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应, ”强调过程、动作：Its difficult for one to get used to another country s habit. 20. 【复习】 free 形容词 空闲的 free time ；免费的 the drink is for free ；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使, 解脱，得到自由 He could not free his arm. 21. run out 用完，用尽When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物： sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。人： sb. run out of 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to dosth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of (doing) sth. （做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性），important adj. 重要的， unimportant adj. 24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择；make a decision. 25. be in the control of ，掌管，管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 无法控制，无法管理be under control 被控制住，在控制之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为在意， mind doingsth. Would you mind my opening the window? 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games ；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式，也可不接，如Never give up easily. 二、重要短语1. have a cold 2. have a stomachache 3. see sb. do sth. 4. shout for help 5. expect (sb.) to do sth. 6. to ones surprise 7. thanks to , 8. think about,9. be interested in sth. 10. lose one s life 11. save one s life 12. take a risk=take risks 13. cut off 14. keep on doing sth. 三、重点语法【反身代词】 英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数： myself yourself himself herself itself 复数： ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如： Maria boughtherself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如： She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth 请自用 , （随便吃 /喝些 , ）. hurt oneself 摔伤自己say to oneself 自言自语leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下buy oneself sth. 给自己买, 东西introduce oneself 介绍 , 自己【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误） Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示 “某人自己” 不能表示 “某人的东西” ，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西） ”时，须要用ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误） Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons. 【练习】1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _ just now. 2. Bad luck! I cut _ with a knife yesterday. 3. They tell us they can look after_ very well. 4. My cat can find food by_ . 5. Help _to some beef, boys. 6. Jenny enjoyed_ in the park yesterday afternoon. 7. We can finish our homework by_ . 8. The blind girl lost_ in the beautiful music. 9. Xiao Hui, can you introduce _ to us ? 10. Bill wants to teach_ French from now on. Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks 一、基本知识点1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 【区别 ill】ill 与 sick 同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill. 2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 3. give out 分发；散发，相当于 hand out ， The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页give sth. out to sb. 意为分发某物给某人。4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program. 5. used to do sth.过去 /曾经 (常)做某事， 表示过去的习惯、动作或状态， 并强调现在已不再在在或发生过。There used to be a cinema here. told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 6. alone 【副词】 独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely【形容词】（感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now. 7. care for sb./sth. 照顾；照料,care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after 【动词】 care about sb./sth. 关心，在意某人/事【形容词】careful / careless 【副词】 carefully 8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数名词： such a good day /such an exciting match such+ 形容词 +复数名词 /不可数名词： such important decisions such delicious food 如果名词前被many, much, few, little 修饰时， 只能用 so， 而不用 such： so many sick children/ so little time 9. try out for , 参加 , 选拔，争取成为,Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out 试用，试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip 【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】 travel around the world 【名词】 traveler 旅行者11.【复习】 be busy with sth. be busy doingsth. 【复习】 try doingsth. 尝试去做某事try to dosth. 努力去做某事try one s best (to dosth.) 尽自己最大的能力13.【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 14. raise money 集资，筹钱；raise money for 为 , 筹钱raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep【动词】 keep+名词，保留（某物） ； keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】 broken 破损的，出毛病的；blind 瞎的，失明的；deaf 聋的； disabled 有残疾的，丧失能力的在句中做定语和表语：17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词 (+for sb.) to dosth. 使（某人）做某事成为, ； think/find it + 形容词 to do sth.18. make a difference to , 对 , 有影响；对, 有作用， difference 前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study. 19. difficulty 【可数 /不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 20. train【动词】训练，trained 为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog 21. be excited about sth. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页Everyone is excited about the good news. 【复习】 excited 意为 兴奋的 ，在句中修饰人； exciting 意为 令人感到兴奋的，在句中修饰物。22. order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order 。23. change【动词】变化，改变Its hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化；零钱change A for B 用 A 换成 B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB. 24. repair 【动词】修理，修补；fix【动词】安装；使固定【fix up 修理 =repair】二、重要单词、短语1. several 2.satisfaction 3. understand 4. imagine 5. train Give 短语小结1. give up (doing) 2. give out 3. give away 4. give in Up 短语小结1. give up 2. clean up 3. cheer up 4. fix up 5. set up 6. put up 7. get up 8. stay up (late) 9. come up with 10.take up ( doing sth.) Out 短语小结1. give out 2. hand out 3. try out 4. go out 5. eat out 6. hang out 7. find out 8. get out of 9. come out 三、重点语法动词不定式A. 作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it 作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to dosth./It takes sb. some time to do sth. B. 作宾语动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare, 常接动词不定式作宾语。C. 作（后置）定语常用于 “have/hassth.to do”或“enough名词 to do” “Its time to dosth.”等结构中。D.作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to dosth.结构。【注意】 动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省to： “一感 (feel)，二听 (listen to, hear)，三让 (let, make, have,) ，四看 (look at, see, watch, notice) ，半帮助 (help)” 。E. 动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或 so as (to) “为了，目的是” 。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的有： had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.? 等。专项训练题一、选择适当答案。1. _ is difficult to work out the maths problem. A. This B.ThatC. It D. Its 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页2. We decided _ at the end of this month. A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going 3. They have no paper_. A. to write B. to write with C. write on D .to write on 4. Let him _ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. A. hasB. have C. to have 5. _the computer is a problem. A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use 6. The teacher told us _in bed. A. don t read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read 7. The old man was _angry _ say a word. A. so, that B. as, as C. too, to D. very, to 8. Why _home tomorrow? A. not goB. not going C. not to go D. didn t go 9. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _? A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down 10. It s cold outside. You had better _ your coat. A. to put on B. putting on C. puts on D. put on 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. It took half an hour _ (get) to the World Park from Kitty s school. 2. It was interesting _ (see) so many places of interest from all over the world. 3. They want _ (save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 4. Kitty s classmate Daniel taught himself how _ (make) a home page. 5. Things _ (do) in Beijing. 6. He made the girl _ (cry) yesterday. 7. He put his photos on it for everyone _ (look) at. 8. Help him _ (put) the photos in the correct order. 9. It s time for class. Please stop _(talk). 10. I d like _ (go) to the Temple of Heaven. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页