英语中考易语法训练12主从复合句.ppt

语法过关之十二语法过关之十二 主从复合句主从复合句考点分析考点分析考点考点广东省近三年中考广东省近三年中考统计统计考题考题题型题型201120122013单选单选完形完形填空填空短文短文填空填空宾语从句语序、连宾语从句语序、连接词和从句中谓语接词和从句中谓语动词时态动词时态4539状语从句引导词和状语从句引导词和主句与从句时态主句与从句时态3336定语从句引导词和定语从句引导词和从句中谓语动词时从句中谓语动词时态态444245考点聚焦：考点聚焦： 一一.宾语从句宾语从句1.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即主语宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即主语 + 谓语谓语 + 其他。如：其他。如： I hear (that) physics isnt easy. Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo? 2.宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的连接词 引导陈述句用引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。 引导一般疑问句用引导一般疑问句用if或或whether。 在具有选择意义又有在具有选择意义又有or或或or not时，尤其是时，尤其是直接与直接与or not连用时，往往用连用时，往往用whether；在不定式前用；在不定式前用whether。 引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。3.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态(1）如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该）如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该 用什么时态就用什么时态。如：用什么时态就用什么时态。如： I dont think (that) you are right. The boy doesnt know that his mother came to see him. Can you tell me where you are going?(2）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句 只能用相应的过去时态只能用相应的过去时态 （一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如：（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the USA soon.(3）如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，）如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理， 其时态常用一般现在时。如：其时态常用一般现在时。如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.4.宾语从句转化为简单句。如：宾语从句转化为简单句。如： I didnt know how I could do it. = I didnt know how to do it. Mike didnt decide what he would buy. = Mike didnt decide what to buy.5.宾语从句的否定转移。如：宾语从句的否定转移。如：I dont think he is right.我认为他不对。我认为他不对。We dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还没有完成工作。我相信他们还没有完成工作。注意：注意： 当宾语从句表示当宾语从句表示否定否定的意义时，的意义时，若主句主语为若主句主语为第一人称第一人称且谓语动词是且谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / expect等时，应在主句上加以否定。等时，应在主句上加以否定。二二.考状语从句考状语从句状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间、原因、状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、比较、结果、目的等类别。条件、比较、结果、目的等类别。1.时间状语从句，由时间状语从句，由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as等引导等引导如：如：I will call you as soon as I arrive there.【考例【考例】Could you please give me your e-mail address _you go?A.as soon as B. before C. after D. until【考例】一【考例】一Hurry upThe bus is coming Oh, noWe mustnt cross the street _the traffic lights are green福州市福州市 A after B since C while Duntil 注意：主句与从句时态一致的问题。注意：主句与从句时态一致的问题。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，若主句是祈使句，在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如：那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如： Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。过马路时要小心。Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。2.条件状语从句，引导条件状语从句的从属连词有条件状语从句，引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if ,unless(=if not如果不如果不，除非，除非)，as/so long as , while(=as long as 只要只要)If it doesnt rain, well go on a field trip. You will fail unless you study hard.3.考原因状语从句，由考原因状语从句，由because, since, as（不能与（不能与so连用）连用）Since you dont know how to work out the math problem, youd better ask the teacher for help.4.结果状语从句，结果状语从句，常考句型：常考句型：（1）so + adj. / adv. + that 从句从句（2）such + n. + that从句从句（3）so + many / much / few / little + n. + that 从句从句如：如：He told us such funny stories that we all laughed. There are so many people in the street that we cant drive to the station on time.【考例【考例】The camera is expensive I cant afford it. A.so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that5.考目的状语从句考目的状语从句so that, in order that如：如：You must speak loudly so that / in order that everybody can hear you clearly.6.考让步状语从句考让步状语从句though, although, even though / if（不能与（不能与but连用）连用）Although they were tired, they went on climbing the hill.They were tired but they went on climbing the hill.注意：注意： 易混淆的考点易混淆的考点 if / when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if / when引导宾语从句时，意思分别为引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否是否”和和“何时何时”，此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和和when引导状语从句时，引导状语从句时，意思分别为意思分别为“如果如果”和和“当当的时候的时候”，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。三三.定语从句定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词引导定语从句的词叫做关系词如：关系代词如：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose或关系副词或关系副词(when, where)，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词、关系代词、副词副词作用作用先先行行词词例句例句that， who，whom(只做只做宾语宾语)主语、主语、宾宾语语人人I know the woman whothat is standing under a tree.你我认识站在树下的你我认识站在树下的女孩。女孩。关系代词、关系代词、副词副词作作用用先行词先行词例句例句that，which主主语、语、宾宾语语物、时物、时间、地间、地点、点、She got a computer whichthat her parents bought for her。whose定定语语人物人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard他他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。常刻苦。The classroom whose window is open is mine窗户开着的窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。那个教室是我的教室。2.定语从句易混淆考点：定语从句易混淆考点：只用只用which不用不用that的情况：的情况：在介词后只用在介词后只用which，不能用，不能用that。This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。先行词本身是先行词本身是that时，只能用时，只能用which，不能用，不能用that。The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。钟表是用来报时的。只用只用that不用不用which的情况：的情况：先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最美丽的山。这是我所见过的最美丽的山。先行词被序数词修饰时只能用先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是我读的第一本英文小说是39级台阶级台阶。先行词前有先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修饰词时只能用等修饰词时只能用that。Here are all the books that I have.这就是我所有的书。这就是我所有的书。This is the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。先行词是先行词是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代词时，只能用等不定代词时，只能用that。Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。先行词同时含有先行词同时含有“人人”和和“物物”的名词时，只能用的名词时，只能用that。I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。先行词是先行词是the one时，只能用时，只能用that。This is the one that you want.这就是你想要的。这就是你想要的。在以在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那边的那个女孩是谁？站在那边的那个女孩是谁？在介词后只能用在介词后只能用whom，不能用，不能用who。The girl to whom I talked just now is from America. 我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。定语从句中主谓一致的问题：定语从句中主谓一致的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(关系代词所代指的就是先行词关系代词所代指的就是先行词)。Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. Tom是唯一从美国来的男孩。是唯一从美国来的男孩。三考点测试：三考点测试： ( ) 1. Could you please tell me_ ?A.where is the nearest bus station? B.where the nearest bus station is?C. where the nearest bus station was? D. where the nearest bus station was? ( ) 2. The man _is wearing a blue jacket is Jims uncle. A. who B. whom C. which D. /( )3.Do you know the young lady _your mother is talking? A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which( ) 4. The first thing _ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. A. which B. that C. whyD. who ( ) 5. Shall we go on working? Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though1-5 BACBD ( ) 6None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. if C. until D. though( ) 7 I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear! Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till( ) 8 Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which( ) 9We dont know It is said that he was born in Canada Awhat he is Bwhen he was born Cwhere he comes from Dif he lives here ( ) 10 .Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find_. A. what Lily was B. what was Lily C. where Lily was D. where was Lily6-10CBBCC ( ) 11 . There is going to _ a sports meeting next week. If it _ , well have to cancel it. A. be; will rain B. have; will rain C. be; rains D. have; rains( ) 12. I was drawing a horse _the teacher came in. A. while B. as C. when D. the moment( ) 13. We havent decided if _ . A. will we take a field trip B. we take a field trip C. well take a field trip D. we would take a field trip( ) 14.You wont succeed _you work harder than before. A. if B. unless C. whether D. why ( ) 15. Disney is an amusement park _ you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters. A. which B. where C. that D. when11-15 CCCBB ( ) 16. Tim will call me as soon as he my package Areceive Bwill receive Creceived Dreceives ( ) 17.We have never heard from Mr Green _ he left in 1990 A. Before B. since C. after D. for( ) 18. How do you like this shirt? It looks nice, _ its too dear. A. or B. and C. but D. for( ) 19.People who eat fruits and vegetables are healthier than those enjoy eating junk food. Awho Bwhich Cwhose D. that( ) 20. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming 16-20DBCAA ( ) 21.Do you know whom_ with at 10 oclock yesterday morning? A. was he talking B. he was talking C. he is talking D. is he talking( ) 22.Our teacher said that the moon _round the earth. A. go B. goes C. went D. turned ( ) 23. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory _ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory. Awhere Bthat Cin which Dwhose( ) 24. I wont leave my office until my work _. Afinish Bwill finish Care finished Dis finished( ) 25. Watch the blind man and his dog _are crossing the road. Awhich Bthat Cin which Dwho 21-25BBDDB