定语从句课件-绝对经典系列.ppt
TheAttributiveClause,定语从句,知识准备,什么是定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。.,4.定语修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。akindgirl,abookonthedeskIhavehomeworktofinish.thefallenleavestheboywhoisverysmart,基本结构,Hewasholdingontoatreethatgrewagainstthewall.,主句:Hewasholdingontoatree.从句：Atreegrewagainstthewall.,还原,定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。1.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2.引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who,whom(作宾语成分）,whose,that,which关系副词：when（时间）,where（地点）,why（原因）,名词/代词+定语从句,关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用Eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleaseshouldbeready.2.Bill,whowasmystudent,askedmequestions.,关系词引导定语从句，同时指代先行词在定语从句中充当的成分所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替,BillisaboywhoIteachhim.,关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略.关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。1、When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。Hetoldmethedatewhen(onwhich)hejoinedtheParty.2、Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。Thisistheplacewhere(inwhich)welivedtenyearsago.3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。Iknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)shewassoangry.,1.Thisisthepark(that)wevisitedlastyear.Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.2.Shewontforgetthedays(that)shespentontheisland.Shewontforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether.,关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分。,同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。,（1）Thisisthefactory_Ivisitedlastyear.（2）Thisisthefactory_Iworkedlastyear.（3）Thisisthefactory_producesallkindsofTVsets.,用关系副词和关系代词,whereB.whichC.whomD.whose以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分；1）中是动宾关系，即Ivisitedthefactory.因此选which2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：Iworkedinthefactory，因此选where。3）中是作定语从句中的主语，即:thefactoryproducesallkinds不作地点状语，因此选which,A,B,B,(1)Hangzhouistheplace_Iwentlastsummer.2)Hereadthebook_hissisterhadtoldhimabout.3)Thereason_Peterissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.4)Iremembertheday_myfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.5)Pleasegivemethereason_youwerelatethistime.6)Iwillgobacktotheplace_Igrewupandlivethereforever.,Why/forwhich,where,which/that/x,When/onwhich,why,Where/inwhich,二.关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：,Thisisthecar_whichIboughtlastyear.,Thisisthecar_whichIpaid100$.Thisisthecar_whichIspent100$.Thisisthecar_whichIgotoworkeveryday.Thisisthecar_whichIcantgotowork.Thisisthecar_whichtheoldmanwasknockeddownThisisthecar_whichaboythrewastone.Thisisthecar_whichwetalked.Thisisthecar_whichthewindowwasbroken,/,for,on,in,without,by,at,about,of,2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomswithwhichImnotfamiliar.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,Thebook_Iheardwaswritten20yearsago.Thepeople_themanspokewerentlistening.Thefilm_Ifellasleepwasveryboring.Thepen_shewrotethatbookcannowbeseeninamuseum.Thelittlecreature_scientistsareinterestedisknownasET.Thegun_hewasshotwasneverfound.,ofwhich,towhom,inwhich,withwhich,inwhich,bywhich,三.Whose引起从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，即the+n+of+which/whom如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.,四.限制和非限制性定语从句:restrictiveattributiveclause(无逗号)non-restrictiveattributiveclause(有逗号),.XihuawhoImetacrossinthestreetafewdaysagohasgoneabroad.Xihua,whoImetacrossinthestreetafewdaysagohasgoneabroad.,五.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句.Therearethousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikeoursun.Thedaysaregonewhenwesufferedsomuch.Carlstillremembersoneafternooninhisfirstyearwhentheprofessortookthestudentstothechemistrylab.,六、由as引导的定语从句,as可作为关系代词来引导定语从句。suchas“像一样的”，“像之类”thesameas“和同样的在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中suche.g.Whoisthemanthatiscrying?6.关系代词在从句中做表语，用that.Hedoesnseemtotheman(that)hewas.7.在therebe结构中用thatThereisanewtypeofshoesthatyoumightbefondof,ThisisthehouseinwhichLuxunoncelived.inthat,TheChangjiangRiver,whichisthelongestriverinChina,runsfromwesttoeastintothesea.(that),*介词后面和逗号后面不用that,二.以下情况常用which而不用that,(3）先行词是指物的that,thoseShefoundthatwhichhelookedfor.,(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,(1)关系代词作介词宾语时,1.Anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished.2.Thosewhobreakthelawarepunished.3.Hewhobreaksthelawispunished.4.HewhohasnotbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.,三在,anyone,those,he,that,you,they作先行词时(指人）,用”who”不用“that”.,1.Which.as引导非限定语从句的不同：as引导非限定语从句可以放在句首，句中，或主句后面；which引导非限定语从句放在主句后面Eg:Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.Marywaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.2.as引导非限定语从句有“正如”“正象”之义，而which没有,常见的结构有：Asweallknow,aseverybodycansee,asisknowntoall,asissaidabovePaper,asweallknow,wasfirstmadeinChina.,五、注意事项,1.what不引导定语从句.what=allthatIwanttogiveyouwhatIhave.(宾语从句）2.先行词被thesame修饰时，关系代词既可用that,也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。3.关系副词when/where/why其含义相当于onwhich/inwhich/forwhich等可交替使用。如：Thedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。例如：Thesun,whichgivesuslight,isverybig.,5.way后面定语从句：Pleasepronouncethewordthewayshedoes.Iadmirethewayinwhich(that)theteachergavehislessons.6.含有定语从句的强调句：Wasitinthereading-roomwhereKatemetyouthatyoureadthemagazine?Itwasinthelabwhichwasinthechargeofhimthattheydidtheexperiment,定语从句与同位语从句的不同：1.定语从句的先行词由名词和代词构成同位语从句的先行词由抽象名词构成。Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.2.定语从句修饰先行词，同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容。,Igotthenewsthat(which)mademeangryyesterday.Igotthenewsthatitislikelytorain.Thetruththattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.定语从句由关系代词关系副词来引导，同位语从句由that,有时也用when,where,whether来引导Thatsmysuggestionthattheboyshouldstudyhard.,Bye-bye,Manythanks,
