时态搭配 8种.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流时态搭配 8种.精品文档.时态 一.一般现在时(表示经常发生的动作)do/does作用:讲述节目和时间表;讲故事中的内容;常规的事情或长期不变的事物;表达思想和感觉,等时态搭配：usually ,often ,sometimes ,always ,never ,every ,seldom等主语为第一、二人称或复数时(I ,we ,you ,they等）肯定句：S.+V.(原)+O.否定句：S.+do not+V.(原)+O.?一般疑问句：Do+S.+V.(原)+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do+S.+V.(原)+O.eg:I do my homework.          The children usually do their homework.    I don't do my homework.    The children don't do their homework.   Do you do your homework?   Do the children do their homework?   What do you do?            How often do the children do their homework?主语为第三人称单数(he ,she ,it ,Tom等)肯定句：S.+V.(第三人称单数)+O.否定句：S.+does not+V.(原)+O.一般疑问句：Does+S.+V.(原)+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+does+S.+V.(原)+O.?eg:He does his homework.   He doesn't do his homework.   Does he do his homework?   What does he do?动词第三人称单数形式：直接+ -s(puts ,brings等)                    以辅音字母+ -e结尾的,+ -s(takes ,makes等)                    以o ,s ,x ,ch ,sh结尾+ -es（goes ,does ,washes ,watches等)                    以辅音字母+ -y结尾,改y为i,再+ -es(tries ,flies等)                    特殊(have-has等)二.现在进行时(表示正在进行的动作，表示这个动作正在发生)be+doing时态搭配：now ,at the monent ,具体时间等/look ,listen肯定句：S.+be V.-ing+O.否定句：S.+be not V.-ing+O.一般疑问句：Be+S.+V.-ing+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+S.+V-ing+.O.?eg:I am doing my homework.           He is doing his homework.   I am not doing my homework.       He isn't doing his homework.   Are you doing your homework?      Is he doing his homework?   What are you doing?               Who is doing the homework?   They are doing their homework now.   They aren't doing their homework.   Are they doing their homework?   When are they doing their homework?三 .一般将来时(表示将要进行的动作，表示这个动作将要发生)be going to do/will do/shall do 时态搭配：tomorrow ,next ,in the future ,the day after tomorrow ,in+一段时间等be going to do通常使用,侧重于“有计划”(计划好的事情)或现在的某些状况告诉你将要发生的事情(eg:The bus is moving!We're going to miss it!)肯定句：S.+be going to+V.(原)+O.否定句：S.+be not going to+V.(原)+O.一般疑问句：Be+S.+going to+V.(原)+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+S.+going to+V.(原)+O.?eg:I am going to do my homework.         He is going to play football.   I'm not going to do my homework.      He isn't going to play football.   Are you going to do your homework?    Is he going to play football?   What are you going to do?             What is he going to play? They are going to go to the library.   They aren't going to go to the library.   Are they going to go to the library?       Where are they going to go?will do侧重于表现“意愿”,根据客观规律必然发生的或作预测、预言(eg:They won't win the game tomorrow.);在我们说话、思考的同时计划去做的事情(eg:Someone is at the door.I'll open it.)肯定句：S.+will+V.(原)+O.否定句：S.+will not+V.(原)+O.一般疑问句：Will+S.+V.(原)+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+S.+V.(原)+O.?eg:I will do my homework.       Sally will be 15 next week.   I won't do my homework.      Sally won't be 15 next week.   Will you do your homework?   Will Sally be 15 next week?   What will you do?            How soon will Sally be 15?shall do只用于主语为第一、二人称(I ,you ,we)时,侧重于表现“意愿”肯定句：S.+shall+V.(原)+O.否定句：S.+shall not+V.(原)+O.一般疑问句：Shall+S.+V.(原)+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+shall+S.+V.(原)+O.?eg:We shall go to bed.         I shall have a rest in 1 hour.   We shall not go to bad.     I shall not have a rest in 1 hour.   Shall we go to bed?         Shall I have a rest in 1 hour?   What shall we do?           How soon shall I have a rest?四.一般过去时(表示已过去、已完成的动作或已存在的状况，对现在没有影响)was/were/did时态搭配:yesterday ,just now , ago ,last ,the day before yesterday等be动词的过去式-was/were-wasn't/weren't当主语为单数(I ,she ,he ,it等)时用was，为复数(we ,you ,they等)时用were肯定句：S.+was/were+O.否定句：S.+was/were not+O.一般疑问句：Was/Were+S.+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+S.+O.eg:She was a teacher.         They were in trouble.   She wasn't a teacher.      They weren't in trouble.   Was she a teacher?         Were they in trouble?   What was she?              How were they?动词 肯定句：S.+V.(过去式)+O.否定句：S.+did not+V.(原)+O.一般疑问句：Did +S.+V.(原)+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+S.+V.(原)+O.eg:He did his homework last night.     I played computer games just now.   He didn't do his homework.          I didn't play computer games just now.   Did he do his homework?             Did you play computer games just now?   When did he do his homework?        What did you do just now?动词的过去式： 规则动词+ -ed(played ,looked ,picked等)              不规则动词(went ,swam ,spent等)五.过去进行时(在过去某一个具体时刻正在进行的动作)was/were+V.-ing时态搭配：过去具体时刻,when的时间状语从句等当主语为单数时用was,当主语为复数时用were肯定句：S.+was/were+V.-ing+O.否定句：S.+was/were not+V.-ing+O.一般疑问句：Was/Were+S.+V.-ing+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+S.+V.-ing+O.?eg:He was swimming at 8:00 last night.        He wasn't swimming at 8:00 last night.   Was he swimming at 8:00 last night?   When was he swimming?The students were reading at this time yesterday.The students weren't reading at this time yesterday.Were the students reading at this time yesterday?What were the students doing at this time yesterday?六.现在完成时(表示一个已经过去、完成的动作，但这个动作对现在有影响)have/has done表示已经完成的动作，对现在有影响，曾经做了什么eg:He lost his way yesterday.已经找到路，与现在无关     He has already lost his way.还未找到路动作已经完成，表示“经验过”eg:I went to the Great Wall.我去长城     I have been to the Great Wall.我到过长城过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在，强调“现在”eg:Mr Black was in China.在中国     Mr Black has been in China for 2 years.已经在中国2年了,现在在中国时态搭配：already ,yet ,ever ,never ,just ,时间+before ,in the last/past ,次数,for+一段时间，since+具体时间 ,recently等当主语为第三人称单数时用has,当主语为第一、二人称或复数时用have肯定句：S.+have/has+V.(pp.)+O.否定句：S.+have/has not+V.(pp.)+O.一般疑问句：Have/Has+S.+V.(pp.)+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+S.+V.(pp.)+O.?eg:I have just been to Beijing.     Tommy has studied pandas since he was 15.   I haven't been to Beijing yet.   Tommy hasn't studied pandas since he was 15.   Have you ever been to Beijing?   Has Tommy studied pandas since he was 15?   Where have you ever been to?     How long has Tommy studied panadas?七.过去完成时(表示到过去某个时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,强调“过去的过去”)had+ done 时态搭配：by the end/time of ,before ,after ,when ,until引导的从句等区别：一般过去时(短)+ when +一般过去时(短) 同时       过去进行时(长)+ when +一般过去时(短) 同时       过去完成时(先)+ when +一般过去时(后) 先后肯定句：S.+had+V.(pp.)+O.否定句：S.+had not+V.(pp.)+O.一般疑问句：Had+S.+V.(pp.)+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+had+S.+V.(pp.)+O.?eg:By the time of Lily arrived the station last night,the train left.   By the time of Lily arrived the station last night,the train hadn't left.   Had the train left by the time of Lily arrived the station last night?   When had the train left?   I didn't go to the museum yesterday because I had visited it before.   I went to the museum yesterday because I hadn't visited it before.   Had you visited it before so you didn't go to the museum yesterday?   Why didn't you go to the museum yesterday? He had found the key when Suki was back.   He had not found the key when Suki was back.   Had he found the key when Suki was back?   What had he found when Suki was back?八.现在完成进行时(表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去,强调“动作行为”本身)have/has been doingThe Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史（动作还将继续下去）表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作eg：We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了。（动作不在继续下去）在强调指出动作还未结束,还要继续下去eg:I've been reading this book for two hours,but I haven't finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完    I've read this book. 我已读完这本书了 强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩 eg:She has always been working like that. 她一贯是这样工作的 不包含持续意义的动作,要表示延续到现在的动作eg:They've been building a ship. （在进行）他们一直在造一艘船 也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情 eg:We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面时态搭配：表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时eg:I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。 I have been knowing. 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌等当主语为第三人称单数时用has,当主语为第一、二人称或复数时用have肯定句：S.+have/has been+V.-ing+O.否定句：S.+have/has not been+V.-ing+O. (基本上没有否定结构)一般疑问句：Have/Has+S.+been+V.-ing+O.?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+S.+been+V.-ing+O.?eg:I have been looking forward to visiting Japan.   I haven't been looking forward to visiting Japan.   Have you been looking forward to visiting Japan?   What have you been doing?   Alice has been writing a book.   Alice hasn't been writing a book.   Has Alice been writing a book?   What has Alice been writing?