常见的前缀&形容词名词后缀.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date常见的前缀&形容词名词后缀常见的前缀&形容词名词后缀常见的形容词后缀-less （加在名词后；意为“无、缺的”）jobless、hopeless、useless、helpless、homeless、selfless、aimless、careless-ishselfish、foolish、Spanish-ful (加在名词后；意为“充满”的或“具有性质的”)beautiful、colorful、wonderful、helpful、powerful、successful、harmful、doubtful、 respectful、hopeful、useful、painful、thoughtful、cheerful、stressful、faithful、skilful、awful-ical或-ic(意为“的”或“与有关的”)historical、classical、economical、electrical、typical、physical、practical、medical、historic、classic、economic、electric、fantastic、dramatic、energetic、athletic、optimistic、pessimistic、 romantic、 allergic、realistic -ous （通常加在名词后）dangerous、humorous、poisonous、 nervous、glorious、cautious、ambitious、religious、autonomous、enormous、generous、 curious、serious-ive（通常加在动词后）attractive、active、creative、protective、selective、expressive、impressive、productive、supportive、competitive、positive、negative-y（通常加在名词后）sunny、rainy、sleepy、funny、smelly、tasty、muddy、dusty、foggy、guilty-ent或-antefficient、different、fluent、absent、patient、innocent、confident、violent、(in)dependent、silent、convenient、evident、brilliant、important、distant-en（通常加在名词后）wooden、woolen、golden-ly（通常加在名词后）friendly、lovely、weekly、daily、monthly、yearly-al或-ial（通常加在名词后）national、professional、international、personal、original、emotional、additional、accidental、occupational、industrial、official、racial、facial、financial、essential、central、cultural、natural、 factual、spiritual、actual、beneficial、mental、potential-able或-ible（通常加在名词或动词后）（加在动词后“可以被的”或“值得的”）drinkable、eatable、available、reliable、accessible、admirable、respectable、unbelievable、unbearable、unforgettable（加在名词后“具有性质的”）valuable、reasonable、comfortable、sensible、responsible、possible-ed或-ing（动词的现在分词和过去分词形容词化）interesting、interested、inspiring、inspired、pleasing、pleased、spoken、written、mistaken、lost、concerned、devoted、addicted、hidden、determined、seated、dressed、disappointed、disappointing、surprising、surprised、broken、frightened、frightening、shocked、shocking、scared、delighted、astonished、astonishing、amazed、amazing、prepared常见的名词后缀部分以ate结尾的形容词变名词（ateacy）accuracy、privacy、literacy、adequacy部分以ble结尾的形容词变名词（blebility）ability、disability、possibility、responsibility、sensibility、availability部分以ent/ant结尾的形容词变名词（entence或antance）部分以er结尾的动词变名词，其后加encedifference、convenience、importance、diligence、absence、evidence、confidence、violence、innocence、patience、dependence、preference、reference、disappearance、performance、annoyance（有些动词+ance变成名词；这种情况较少见）部分以ent/ant结尾的形容词变名词（entency或antancy）frequency、efficiency、urgency、emergency、efficiency、tendency部分形容词+ness变成名词darkness、willingness、hopelessness、illness、goodness、kindness、friendliness、sharpness、helplessness、carelessness、sadness、happiness部分形容词（长宽深等）+th变名词truth、width、length、depth、strength、growth、wealth部分名词+ship仍为名词；表“身份地位头衔；能力；之间的关系”等truth、width、length、depth、strength、growth、wealth scholarship、membership、leadership、championship、friendship、relationship、hardship部分动词+ment变名词（注意：很多名词是以ment结尾；但是并不全是由动词转化而来。例如comment，experiment、environment、document、department等）improvement、development、argument、movement、judgement、treatment、punishment、amusement、amazement、disappointment、establishment、agreement、settlement、statement、advertisement、management、government、payment、equipment、employment、investment、encouragement、engagement部分动词+tion/sion/ation变名词（尤其是以t/s/te结尾的动词）（注意：很多名词是以tiontion/sion/ation结尾；基本是由动词转化而来；个别不是，例如tension、fiction、emotion等）attraction、solution、conclusion、destruction、expression、impression、recognition、organization、accommodation、imagination、graduation、explosion、correction、application、devotion、collection、affection、competition、concentration、consideration、education、election、explanation、expectation、examination、foundation、invention、instruction、production、information、pollution、operation、description、definition、addition、edition、admission、decision、discussion、permission、possession.部分动词+al变成名词refusal、arrival、survival、approval、proposal以age结尾的名词stage、vovage、storage、marriage、shortage、postage、passage、damage.以ure结尾的名词future、failure、adventure、culture、cure、feature、lecture、gesture、pressure、pleasure、figure、leisure、literature、furniture、procedure、treasure以ity结尾的名词；表“具有性质”activity、personality、nationality、authority、generosity、curiosity以dom结尾的名词freedom、kingdom、wisdom常见的前缀（前缀通常改变词意；后缀通常改变词性）bi=two; twicebicycle、bisexual、bilateral、binocular、biannual（一年两次的）tri=threetriangle、tricycle、trilogyanti/ant=against; opposingantibiotic、antisocial、antipathy、anticlimax、antagonistbe=to become; to makebefriend、belittle、benumbby=near by; secondarybypass、bystander、by-productcircum=around; aboutcircumstance、circumnavigate、circumvent、circumspect、circumferenceco=togetherco-worker、co-owner、co-discoverer、co-ed、co-exist、cooperate、coherence、coincide、coincidencecontra/contro=against; oppositcontradict、contrast、controversycounter=against; oppositecounterfeit、counterpart、counterbalance、counteract、counterattack、counterculture、counterclockwise、countercurrenten/em=to put into; to makeenact、encircle、endanger、enforce、enlist、encourage、embark、embody、enrich、enlarge、enable、enslave、ensure、encloseextra=outside; beyondextravagant、extracurricular、extraterrestrial、extragalactice/ex=out(of); formerexport、express、exhit、exhaust、effect、effort、elect、erupt、emit、extend、expand、exhale、extract、exclude、enormous、evaporate、eradicate、evacuate、emigrate、evaluate、eliminate、emerge、emergency、emergencefore=front; before; beforehandforefoot、forehead、forenoon、forefather、forename、foresight（hindsight）、forarm、forefinger、foreword、foresee、forecast、foretell、foredoom、forebearin/im=intoinland、inside、intake、indoor、income、include、inflate、inhabit、inject、inspect、inquire、inhale、infect、import、immigrate、innovation、innovate、influencein/im/ir/il/un/dis=notinactive、innocent、independent、invalid、invisible、informal、indirect、intolerant、incompetent、inexact、inexpensive、insufficient、inconvenience、insecure、infertile、inevitable、incapable、inappropriate、infinite、insensible、illegal、illiterate、illogical、irregular、irresistible、irresponsible、irreparable、impossible、imbalance、immortal、immature、impractical、dislike、disappear、disappearance、disagree、disadvantage、dishonest、disloyalty、disarm、discourage、disorder、disloyal、discover、dissatisfied、dissatisfaction、unnecessary、unfortunately、unforgettable、unbelievable、untimely、unreasonableinter=between;mutuallyinternational、interpersonal、intercontinental、intermarriage、interfere、interchange、interact、interaction、interactivity、Internet、interbreed、interrupt常见的前缀（前缀通常改变词意；后缀通常改变词性）kilo=one thousandkilometer、kilogram、kilowatt、kilovoltmale/mal=bad(ly); evil(ly)malfunction、maltreat、malpractice、malnutrition、mis=bad(ly); wrong(ly)mistake、misunderstand、mistreatment、misuse、misleading、misfortune、misconductmicro=very small; one millionthmicrophone、microscope、microcircuit、microbe、microcosm、microwave、microbeammulti=manyMultimedia、multilateral、multicultural、multiracial、multinational、multilingual、multichannel、multiple、multiply、multipurpose、multicolored、multimillionarenon=not; withoutNonsense、nonviolence、nonviolent、nonstop、nonfiction、nonsmoker、out=out(side); more that; surpassoutcry、outline、outdoor、outstanding、outcome、outskirts、outburst、outbreak、outgoing、outdated、outspoken、outnumber、outsmart、outwit、outgrow、outspeed、outrun、outsize、outlive、outdo、outvalueover=above; too much; toooveractive、 overreact、overboard、overdue、overcoat、overhead、overpopulation、oversleep、overwork、overtime、overpass、overuse、overdose、overflowpost=after; behindposthumous、pos twar、postpone、post graduate、postscriptpre=before; in frontprehistoric、premature、preschool、pregnant、prepare、prejudice、predict、prefer、previewre=again; backretreat、reject、reflect、reserve、repay、recover、rebound、redemption、redeem、reborn、reread、reopen、reappear、reconstruct、reconsider、recreate、renovation、renovate、self=onself; automaticself-deceiving、self-denying、self-respect、self-supporting、self-evident、self-concious、self-control、self-sacrifice、self-service、self-confidence、self-taught、self-winding、self-feedersuper=excessivly; abovesupernatural、superficial、supervise、supermarket、super power、super carrier、super conductorsyn/sym/sy=togethersynchronize、syndrome、sympathy、symphonytele=afar; to do with televisiontelegraph、telescope、telephone、telepathy、telescreen、telecourse、telefilm、telescriptunder=beneath; not enoughunderground、underwear、underline、underwater、undersea、underdog、undergraduate、undervalue、undersupply、underdevelopedtrans=across; beyondtransport、transform、transfer、translate、transmit、transparent、transcribe、traditionsub=under; subordinatesuburban、subject、submerge、subtropical、subtitle、subconscious、subway、subscribede=down/away; make down/away; undoDecline、decrease、degrade、degradation、devalue、degenerate、deforest、debark、detrain、deplane、derail、defat、dewater、desalt、decentralize、depopulate-