Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars-Reading.ppt

HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHWarming upWhat are the names of the eight planets that circle the sun?海王星海王星 Neptune水星水星Mercury 金星金星Venus 地球地球Earth 火星火星Mars 木星木星Jupiter 土星土星Saturn天王星天王星Uranus A Quiz Game 1. How old is the earth? A. About 3.5 billion years B. About 4.5 billion years C. About 5.5 billion years D. About 6.5 billion years 2. _ of the earth surface is covered by water. A. 20% B. 30% C. 50% D. 70%3. How many planets are there in the Solar System? A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 4. What is the total population of humans on the earth? A. About 3.5 billion B. About 4.5 billion C. About 5.5 billion D. About 6.5 billion5. How long does the rotation (自转自转) of the earth take? A. 12 hours B. 24 hours C. a month D. 365 days6. Which continent is the smallest? A. Africa B. North America C. South America D. Oceania 7. On what day is the Earth day celebrated? A. April 22 B. May 4 C. August 21 D. November 118. Which ocean is the largest? A. The Pacific Ocean B. The Arctic Ocean C. The Indian Ocean D. The Atlantic Ocean9. Which country has the largest area? A. Canada B. China C. Russia D. U.S.APrediction Look at the pictures. Do you know the topic of this unit?海洋里的细胞开始分裂海洋里的细胞开始分裂 登陆登陆爬行动物爬行动物恐龙恐龙Mammals人人类类的的兴兴起起Do you know what it was like before life appeared on earth?1. What do we mean when we say we are studying a subject scientifically? Or whats the correct attitude towards science? We should be objective, not superstitious.2. Whats the correct way to prove a scientific idea? We should design experiments to test it for several times. Then we can analyze the results and draw a conclusion at last.3. What are the most important skills we need to be real scientists? Careful, objective and logical, draw conclusions from the experiments and not impose conclusions on the data. (impose on 把把强加于强加于)1. The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. What do you know about it?2. Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. What do you know? In China, we all know that Pangu separates the sky from the earth and Nvwa made humans.Pangu separates the sky from the earth. Nvwa made humans.Other legends about the beginning of universe.The Biblical AccountDay 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night. Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean. Day 3: God spoke and created dry land. Day 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars. Day 5: God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea. Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man. Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy. India Brahma is the god first represented in the Hindu Triad. He is the creator of the universe and all living beings are said to have evolved from him. Big BangGasNew starsDying starsRemnants残余物残余物平面图平面图 太阳系太阳系地球大气地球大气Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks. The text mainly tells us the formation of the _ and the development of _ on it. earth life 1. When did the “Big Bang” happen? It happened several billion years ago.2. What form was the earth after the “Big Bang”? The earth was still just a cloud of dust.Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.3. What made up the earths atmosphere after the earth exploded? Carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases. 4. How did water come into being on the earth? As the earth cooled down after it exploded, water came into being.5. Whats the significance of the presence of water on the earth? It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.6. What was important to the development of fish? oxygen. 7. What made possible the rise of mammals on the earth? The disappearance of dinosaurs made possible the rise of mammals on the earth.8. Why are mammals different from all life forms in the past? They gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Read the passage carefully and analyse its structure. Write down the main idea for each paragraph.Main bodyParagraph 1:Paragraph 2:A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universeThe formation of the earth.Main bodyParagraph 2:Paragraph 3:Paragraph 3:The importance of water for lifeThe development of plants and animals on the earthThe arrival of humans and their impact on the earthFill in the blanks in the following form.TimeWhat happenedBig Bang _ began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.AtomsBetween 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago Dust settled into a solid and _ globe. The earth exploded to produce its _. The continued _ of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and _ into the oceans and seas.violentatmospherepresenceacidsMany millions of years later The first small plants on the surface of the water produced _. Early _ and all sorts of fish appeared. Green plants began to grow on land. Insects and _ appeared.oxygenshellfishamphibiansMany millions of years later _ appeared and they laid eggs.Dinosaurs developed, laid eggs and _ for more than 140 million years.Mammals rose and _ babies.Reptilesexistedgave birth toAbout 2.6 million years agoSome small _ animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over the earth.NowHumans produce too much carbon _, making the earth too hot.cleverdioxideTrue (T) or False (F).1. The earth appeared before the Big Bang happened.2. The original atmosphere consisted of nitrogen and oxygen. 3. The main difference between the earth and other planets is that there is water on the earth. 4. Life began in water and then on land.FFTT5. Mammals appeared before the development of dinosaurs.6. Dinosaurs could give birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. 7. Human beings produce too much carbon dioxide which causes the global warming on the earth. 8. According to the text, human beings would disappear in the end. FFTFHow life began on the earth.“Big Bang”other bodies_ starsEarth: a cloud of _atomsdusta solid _the earths _other _Water: _ to the development of lifewater vapour nitrogen carbonextremely small _ on the surface of the waterglobegasesatmospherefundamentalplantsearly _ and all sorts of fishgreen plants on landland animalsinsectsamphibians_huge animals (dinosaurs)the rise of _human beingsshellfishreptilesmammalsThink about what you have read and discuss these questions in pairs.1. Why was the earth different from other planets? Because the water remained on the earth.2. Why did the plants grow before the animals came? Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe. 3. Why is it wrong to show films with dinosaurs and people together? Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.4. There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it? The name is Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small to be called a planet. 5. What problem is caused by human beings? Human beings caused global warming.Speaking What should we do for our earth?You can use the following words or phrases to help you:prevent from harmful global warming carbon dioxide in turn depend on as a result thus atmosphereWe have only one earth!How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. What other puzzles are hidden in the passage? Find them out and do some research.进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着“怎么这么热”，于是三五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到“强子，别跑了，快来我给你扇扇”。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，“你看热的，跑什么？”此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧道，袅