考研英语二-2019历年真题及答案解析.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date考研英语二2010-2019历年真题及答案解析考研英语二2010-2019历年真题及答案解析2010年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_1_ by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert_2_an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_3_in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the epidemic is "_4_" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _5_ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _6_ of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global _7_ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths _8_ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _9_ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade _10_ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _11_ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_12_ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has _13_ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials _14_Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_15_orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is _16_ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _17_doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_18_for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _19_. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _20_ infants and healthy young people. 1 A criticized B appointed Ccommented D designated 2 A proceeded B activated C followed D prompted 3 A digits B numbers C amounts D sums4 A moderate B normal C unusual D extreme5 A with B in C from D by 6 A progressB absence C presence D favor7 A reality B phenomenon C concept D notice 8. Aover B for C among D to9 A stay up B crop up C fill up D cover up 10 A as B if C unless D until11 A excessive B enormous C significant Dmagnificent 12 Acategories B examples C patterns D samples13 A imparted B immerse C injected D infected 14 A released B relayed C relieved D remained 15 A placing B delivering C taking D giving 16 A feasible B available C reliable D applicable17 A prevalent B principal C innovative D initial 18 A presentedB restricted C recommended D introduced19 A problems B issues C agonies D sufferings20 A involved in B caring for C concerned with D warding off SectionSection Reading comprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B ,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sothebys in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirsts sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the worlds two biggest auction houses, Sothebys and Christies, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christies chief executive, says: “Im pretty confident were at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Dsdeath, debt and divorcestill deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because _.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Para. 3), the author suggests that_.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A. Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The art market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _A. auction houses' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing Impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be _A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in Arts Text2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room - a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year - a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27. Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means _ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_A. men tend to talk more in public tan womenB. nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B. Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on _A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors habits among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, youll find that many of the products we use every day chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didnt drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers lives, and its essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap_.A should be further cultivatedB should be changed graduallyC are deepiy rooted in historyD are basically private concerns32. Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to_A reveal their impact on peoplehabitsB show the urgent need of daily necessitiesCindicate their effect on peoplebuying powerDmanifest the significant role of good habits33. which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create peoples habits?ATideBCrestCColgateDUnilver34. From the text wekonw that some of consumers habits are developed due to _Aperfected art of productsBautomatic behavior creationCcommercial promotionsDscientific experiments35. the authorsattitude toward the influence of advertisement on peoples habits is_AindifferentBnegativeCpositiveDbiased Text4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cr