英语语法专项：动名词用法讲解及练习(附答案).doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date英语语法专项：动名词用法讲解及练习(附答案)你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？_x000B_1. The girl is singing a song._x000B_2. The girl singing now is my sister._x000B_3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好)._x000B_ 三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Presen你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？1. The girl is singing a song.2. The girl singing now is my sister.3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好). 三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Present Participle)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，要把你搞晕了吧 :-) 。关于分词，以后有空再谈OK？）。好戏在后头，你看看第三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！憧矗瑂ing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下：1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.(singing前加定冠词 the及形容词mellow；coming 前加 the)2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes.(rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词 faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子：Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an .)喔。动名词的功能与用法一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement):1.1 作主语1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ）2. Running is good exercise. （主语running)3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking)1.2 作主语的补语1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping)2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing)1.3 主语置于句尾1.3.1 用 It + be + . +v-ing 句型1. It is fun speaking English.2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).1.3.2 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型1. It is no use learning theory without practice.2. It is no fun being lost in rain.1.3.3 用 It is 后接 useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型1. There is no joking about such matters.2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处)二、动名词也可以作宾语（Object)2.1 作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面）1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing)2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (宾语quarrelling)3. You should practice speaking English more. (宾语speaking)注意：上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有：dislike 厌恶 admit 接受 repent 后悔 acknowledge 承认enjoy 享受 escape避免 deny 否认 postpone 延迟resent 怨恨 mind 介意 miss 错过 risk 冒风险finish 完成 avoid 避免 delay 耽误 consider 认为fancy 想象 excuse 原谅 include 包括 imagine 想象resist 抵制 suggest 建议 还有短语类：keep (on)继续 don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放弃put off 延迟 leave off 停止 burst out 闯出 再请注意：有一些动词除了可接动名词外，也可接不定词(infinitive)。例子如下：1. I prefer living in an apartment. (动词prefer接动名词 living)2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (动词prefer接不定词 to live) 像上面两个句子的意思没什么不同。如 prefer 这一类的动词还有：allow deserve neglect attemptfear omit begin hatepermit bother intend ceaselike recommend continue lovestart stop forget regretpropose try continue rememberneed 其实如hate, love, like之类动词，接动名词和接不定词的句子，意思是会有些不同的，这就留给大家去研究吧，hihi2.2 作介词(Preposition)的宾语(Object)1. I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介词for，宾语giving)2. The book is worth reading. (介词worth, 宾语reading)3. I reached him by calling his office. (介词by, 宾语calling)4. The police arrested(逮捕）him for speeding. (介词for, 宾语speeding)注意：在下列的句子结构中，介词 in 被省略掉：1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.3. There is no use (in) talking with him now.4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths?2.3 作"名词+介词"的宾语请看下列的句子：1. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 宾语speaking)2. He takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 宾语studying)这一类"名词+介词"的还有：danger of fear of objection todelight to habit of opportunity for /ofexcuse for experience in love inreason for 三、句子中动名词的逻辑主语(Implied Subject)什么是动名词的逻辑主语呢？在句子中，除了原有的主语之外，属于动名词的"主语"，也就称为"逻辑主语"，一般位于动名词的前面。3.1 在动名词前加"物主代词（如：my, his.)"或"名词所有格(如：Mary's, Dog's.)"1. His coming here helped us a lot. (主语/逻辑主语his, 动名词coming）2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主语/逻辑主语Tom,动名词escaping)3.2 作宾语(Object)的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，在动名词前加"物主代词"或"名词所有格"1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (逻辑主语my, 动名词smoking)2. He insisted on Mary's staying there. (逻辑主语Mary, 动名词staying)注意：作为逻辑主语的名词/代词为无生命时，则用通格（of the):1. I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimate friends. （逻辑主语news)3.3 在下列情况中，不能使用所有格：3.3.1 代词为 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作为逻辑主语时:1. I remember all of them saying it .3.3.2 数词、名词化形容词（如 the three, the old.)作逻辑主语时：1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believeit.3.3.3 结构中的逻辑主语是名子或短语，或受从句或短语修饰时：1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little louder?四、动名词的语态4.1 被动式(being + v-ed)当动名词的逻辑主语所表示的是动作的对象时，动名词要用被动语态。1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.2. They couldn't stand being treated(被对待) like that.4.2 完成式 (having + v-ed)动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.2. The students' having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.4.3 完成式的被动语态 (having been + v-ed)1. I heard of his having been chosen(被选为) to be the coach of the team.2. Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被对待)rudely.4.4 在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后的动名词（作为宾语），要用主动语态来表示被动的意思。1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要浇水）.2. That's one of those questions that really don't need answering(不需回答).五、作定语 （Attribute）动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。1. sleeping car 卧车2. walking stick 手杖3. printing shop 印务馆4. reading room 阅读室5. swimming pool 泳池6. washing machine 洗衣机7. dining room 饭厅六、在英文正式语体里，动名词可放在前置词(Preposition)后，以替代副词/状语的子句(Adverbial Clauses)例：1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring the following number:.2. In case of encountering difficulties, customers should ring the following number:.第二个句子的"In case of "动名词短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一个句子的 "Incase" 副词子句。下列都是这类例子：1. In spite of doing his best, the pupil was reproached. (In spite of )2. Despite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted. (despite)3. For all his arguing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)4. The fireman distinguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by)5. In sending us the book you proved to be reliable. (In)6. Instead of blaming the boy, the teacher encouraged him. (instead of )7. The girl left without saying a word. (without)8. The boy was blamed for breaking the window. (for)9. The children got tired from learning too much. (from)10. After spending the holidays with us, our nephew went back to England. (after)11. Before going to bed, I opened the window. (before)12. On arriving at the station, John was welcomed by his friends. (on)13. Since leaving school, I have not seen my teacher. (since)练习题 1) Mark often attempts to escape _D_ whenever he BReaks TRaffic regulations. A)shavingsbeen fined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fined 2) My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _D_ from you sometime. A) to have heard B) to hear C) for hearing D) hearing 3) The thief took away the woman's wallet without_A_. A) being seen B) seeing C) him seeing D) seeing him 4) People appreciate _C_with him because he has a good sense of humor. (CET-4 1998,1) A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) have working 5) I've enjoyed _B_ to talk with you. A) to be able B) being able C) to been able D) of being able 6) No one can avoid _B_ by advertisements. A) to be influenced B) being influenced C) influencing D) shavings influence 7) They are considering _C_ before the prices go up. A) of buying the house B) with buying the house C) buying the house D) to buy the house 8) He thought that _C_. A) the effort doing the job was not worth B) the effort was not worth in doing the job C) it was not worth the effort doing the job D) it was not worth the effort by doing the job ?9) If I had remembered _A_ the door, the things would not have been stolen. A) to lock B) locking C) to have locked D)shavings locked 10) Your shirt needs _C_. You'd better have it done today. A) iron B) to iron C) ironing D) being ironed 11) You can't help _C_ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another. A) to hear B) to be heard C) hearing D) with hearing 12) My TRansistor radio isn't working. It _C_. A) need repairing B) needs to repair C) needs repairing D) need to be repaired 13) It is no use _B_ me not to worry. A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D)shavings told 14) He is very busy _B_ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers. A) to write.to receive B) writing.to receive C) writing.receiving D) to write.for receiving 15)The suspect at last admitted _A_ stolen goods but denied _ them. A) receiving.selling B) to receive.to sell C) to receiving.to selling D) to have received.to have sold 16) She apologized for _A_ to come. A) her not being able B) her being not able C) not being able D) that she's not able to 17)I really appreciate _C_ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself. A) you to offer B) that you offer C) your offering D) that you are offering 18) Please stop _D_, boys, I have something important to _ you. A) saying .talk B) telling . say C) talking .speak D) talking . tell 19) Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _B_ his tape recorder? A) to fix B) fixing C) for fixing D) fix 20)"Why isn't Nancy going to meet us?""It's my fault. I forgot all about _A_ her." A) telephoning to B) to telephone C) to telephone to D) the telephoning to 21)"Why were you late?""I had a hard time _D_ up this morning." A) to get B) get C) got D) getting 22)I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got sintos TRouble. A) once offering B) him once offering C) him to offer D) to offer him 23)John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week. A) not going B) not to go C) notshavingsbeen going D) not to be going 24) It is difficult to get used _B_ in a tent after shavingsa soft, comforTABLE bed to lie on. A) sleep B) to sleeping C) slept D) to sleep 25) He gives people the impression _C_ many poems. A) of shavingswritten B) to have written C) of being written D) to write 26) Do you feel like _D_ out or would you rather _ dinner at home? A) going.to have B) to go.to have C) to go.having D) going.have 27) Prior to _A_ the formal speech, first he will inTRoduce himself. A) delivering B) deliver C) being delivering D) being delivered 28)I don't mind _D_ by bus, but I hate _ in queues. A) to TRavel.standing B)shavingsTRaveled.standing C) TRaveling.to stand D) TRaveling.standing 29)What about _C_ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go_ next week. A) buying.to shop B) buy.shopping C) buying.shopping D) to buy.shopping 30) We had some TRouble _B_ the house and nobody seemed _swheresit was. A) in finding.knowing B) finding.to know C) to find.knowing D) to find.to know 31)We can't imagine _B_ in the enTRance examination, for she has never been to school. A) she succeeding B) her succeeding C) she succeed D) her to succeed 32)I don't like _A_ at me. A) them laughing B) their laugh C) them laugh D) them to have laughed 33)We suggested _A_ in hotels but the children were anxious _ out. A) sleeping.to camp B) sleeping.camping C) to sleep.to camp D) to sleep.camping ?34)I have no OBJECTion _B_ the evening with them. A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending 35) After _A_ for the job, you will be required to take a language test. A) being interviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D)shavingsinterviewed 36)The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court. A) OBJECTed toshavingsB) were OBJECTed to have C) OBJECTed to have D) were OBJECTed to having 37)Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination. A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared 38)It is no good _A_ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned. A) TRying to B) to TRy to C) TRy to D) TRied to 39)After _D_ him better, I regretted _ him unfairly. A) getting to know.to judge B) getting to know.to have judged C) getting to have know.judging D) getting to know.having judged 40)He is looking forward to _C_ his holiday in Britain. A) spend B) have spent C) spending D)shavingsbeen spending 41) Before _D_ the house, you should get a surveyor_ over it. A) buying.looking B)shavingsbought.to look C) buying.to have looked D) buying.to look 42)In some counTRies people favor _C_ together even though there is much more space. A) to stay B) stay C) staying D) stayed 43)"Why was Fred so upset?""He isn't used _C_ criticized." A) be B) to be C) to being D)shavingsbeen 44) It's no use _B_ to get a bargain these days. A) to expect B) expecting C) wanting D) you expect 45)"Why were you so late for work today?""_A_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the TRaffic." A) Driving B) I drove C) To drive D) That I drove 46)It was impolite of him _A_without _good-bye. A) to leave, saying B) leaving, to say C) to leave, to say D) leaving, saying 47) He kept _C_to his parents. A) putting off to write B) to put off to write C) putting off writing D) to put off writing 48)I'll go with you after I get through with _A_