虚拟语气的基本用法归纳.doc
Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date虚拟语气的基本用法归纳虚拟语气的基本用法归纳虚拟语气的基本用法归纳今天我们从以下几个方面来掌握虚拟语气的基本用法。一、虚拟语气的使用范围：虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。二、虚拟语气的判断：1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种：(1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。(2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如：If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。(3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should(would, could, might) + 动词原形”。 例如：If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。(1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如：I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如：I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。(2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如：I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：He insisted that she was honest. 他坚持认为她是诚实的。3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气。(1) It be + 形容词 + that. (should).。用于该句型的形容词有：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如：It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。(2) It be + 过去分词 that. (should).。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如： desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如：It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。(3) It is time (about time / high time) that. + (过去时或should + 动词原形).。例如：It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. 我该回家了。(4) 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词为：should + 动词原形，连接从句的that不能省略。例如：My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。4 省略形式。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。这时，如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。例如：If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。-
