Unit-8-介词及介词短语.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-dateUnit-8-介词及介词短语实数基础练习（四）计算题1Unit 8 Surprise endings Grammar介词及介词短语 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词、代词等与句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. (定语)The girl will be back in two hours.  (状语)Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)Help yourself to some fish.   (宾语补足语) 介词和种类(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, of, for, about, before, after, to, with, without 等。(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。不同介词的用法（1）表时间的介词1）at, in, on表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。2） in, afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months.He will arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month.（2）表示地点的介词1）at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They arrived at a small village before dark.There is a big hole in the wall.The teacher put up a picture on the wall.2） over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.We flew above the clouds.    They put some flowers on the teachers desk.3） across, throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass.The boy swam across the river.They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds.4) in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.介词短语 介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后，形成复合词，有特定的意思。如下： （1） 动词+介词（如：talk about，look at） （2） Be动词+形容词+介词（如：be kind of） （3） 介词+名词（如：at home，on foot，in time） 动词+介词 wait for等待 look for寻找ask for 请求；要求 prepare for 为做准备(be) ready for为做准备 be late for迟到be sorry for 为抱歉(be) tired of 对感到疲惫 be full of 充满(be) proud of以为自豪 be aware of 意识到be afraid of害怕 talk of 谈论 think of 考虑，想起succeed in 成功做 join in 参加(be) interested in 对感兴趣decide on 决定做 depend on 依靠keep on 继续 call on sb 拜访某人point at 指着 arrive at 到达set off 动身 keep off 让开，不接近show off 炫耀look up查看，查（字典） grow up 生长set up 建立 build up 建起bring up 教育，培养 give up 放弃 shut up 住口worry about担心 be certain about对确信无疑think about 考虑；回想 talk about 谈论某事agree with sb 同意某人 (be) bored with 对感到无聊(be) happy with 对感到高兴 (be) busy with 忙于(某事)pass by 经过【实例分析】1He has been late for school three times _ the morning of last Friday.  A. in   B. on   C. since   D. until分析：本题介词的选择取决于谓语动词所用的时态。谓语动词用了现在完成时，与之相对应的介词应当是since。答案  C2I forgot to bring the key _ my office.  A. of   B. for   C. with   D. to分析：在英语中，表达“门的钥匙”、“练习的答案”要用key这个词，它需要用介词to与后面的名词连用，这是习惯用法。其他的例子还有：an answer to the question 问题的答案，a reply to our letter 对我们信的答复，the entrance to the building 大楼入口处，the monument to the heroes 英雄纪念碑，等等。答案  D3. Youll get one thousand dollars _. A after all B at all C in all D all together分析： “after all”意为“到底”、“毕竟”、“终于”；“at all”通常与“not”连用，意为“完全不”、“一点也不”；“in all”通常用于数量词后面，意为“总共”，同义词是“altogether”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。【课堂作业】I. 用适当的介词填空。1.Im sorry I cant say it _ Chinese.2.Do you usually go to school _bike?3.Look, the farmer is carrying apples _ a truck.4.Is anyone _ home?5.Please look _my bird when Im away.6.Are Jim and Li Lei _ the same class?7.There is a hole _ the wall.8.  _ the beginning of this term, I met my new friend, Jim .9.There are a few leaves _the tree.10.The girl _ the red coat is my sister.11.Could you give an orange _ me?12.Its time to go _bed.13.I can see a bottle _ orange.14.Put the basket _ there.15.Whats wrong _ your watch?16.One _ the students is in the classroom. 17.I think the shop is closed _ this time of day.18.My father teaches English _  a school.19.We have lunch _  the middle of the day.20.You can buy some school things _  your way home.21.I was born _ July 1st, 1982 .22.May I borrow a pencil _ you?23.Dont sleep _ the open air.24.I often help my mother _ the housework.25.Its time _ school.26.I have quite a lot _homework to do.27.Whats the time ? Its half _ five.28.Ducks are good _ swimming.29.What are you talking _?30.He is sitting _ the front of the car.31.The eraser was passed _ one student _ another.32.Did you live _Beijing in 1997?33.When did you arrive _ the village?34.I think Mary is _ duty today.35.Eating too much isnt good _ your health.36.Im afraid he is _ the cinema _ the moment.37.Thanks _ asking me to your party.38.My watch is very different _ yours.39.Whats the weather _ today?40.The student is asking his teacher _the sports meeting.II.选择填空。(   )41. _ the money, she bought a new coat _ her father.A. With, for     B. With, to      C. For, with     D. To, with (   )42. The beautiful bottle was made _ glass.A. from         B. in          C. of           D. by (   )43. This is a map_China.A. in           B. at          C. of           D. on (   )44. A group_ boys and girls are dancing in the park.A. with         B. of         C. for           D. to(   )45. Tom always comes late_school.A. at           B. inside      C. to            D. for (   )46. Mr. Smith caught hold_ Bob and said, "This is a good lesson_ you.A. of, for         B. for, of      C. of, of        D. for; for (   )47. The shop_ clothes is _the right side _ the street.A. of, at, beside    B. for, on, at   C. for, on, of    D. of, in, of   (   )48 .Its hot _summer in Beijing .A .by   B .on     C .at    D .in(   )49 .China is famous _ her Great Wall .A .as   B .for     C .to    D .of (   )50 .These knives are made _ metal and wood .A .from  B .of     C .by    D .in(   )51 .My father returned at 10 oclock _ of June 15.A .in the night  B .by the night    C .on the night   D .at night(   )52 . _ your help, we finished the work on time.A .Thanks   B .Thanks of  C .Thank for  D .Thanks to(   )53. China built a Great Wall _ the northern part _the country.A. to, in   B. across, of  C. across, on  D. at, of(   )54. He often mistakes me _my brother.A .to    B .as   C .for   D .with(   )55. The woman _a red dress is my aunt.A .in    B .at    C .of   D .on(   )56. I remember Susan left _a very cold morning of January.A .in    B .on   C .at    D .from(   )57. Thank you very much _lending the eraser _ me.A. for, at   B. to, to   C. for, to   D. to, for(   )58. Dont tell anybody about it .Keep it _ you and me.A .among   B .between   C .in    D .with(   )59. I enjoy reading, but I cant _much time _ it.A. spend, on   B. pay, in   C. take, in  D. cost, on(   )60. No one can stop her _ leaving for Shanghai.A .of    B .from   C .to    D .for参考答案                                 介   词1 .in  2 .by  3 .with  4 .at  5 .after  6 .in  7 .in  8 .At  9 .on  10 .in  11 .to 12 .to  13 .of  14 .over  15 .With  16 .of  17 .at  18 .in  19 .in  20 .on  21 .on 22 .from 23 .in  24 .with  25 .for  26 .of  27 .past  28 .at  29 .about  30 .in  31 .from ,to 32 .in  33 .at  34 .on  35 .for  36 .at ,at  37 .for  38 .from  39 .like  40 .about  41-45 ACCBC  46-50   ACDBB  51-55 CDBCA  56-60 BCBAB -