book1 unit4 定语从句.ppt

book1 unit4 定语从句 Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more. individuals above the crowd: a little bit more. -author -author -date-dateAttribute (定语定语)1. He is an honest boy.2. We love our country.3. Whats your telephone number? 4. She is a beautiful girl.修饰；限定修饰；限定honestourtelephone找出下列句中的定语。找出下列句中的定语。beautifulyour The positions of the attribute: （定语的位置）（定语的位置）1. She is a beautiful girl.2. She is a girl with long hair.3. She is a girl who is beautiful.通常情况下，通常情况下，单个词单个词作定语时要放作定语时要放于被修饰词的于被修饰词的前面前面，短语或从句短语或从句作作定语时要放于被修饰词的定语时要放于被修饰词的后面后面。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意：定语从句（句意：“的的”） 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ “ 先行词先行词 ” ”。 引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫“ “ 关系词关系词 ” ”。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关系词关系词关系副词关系副词:wherewhenwhy定语从句定语从句关系代词：关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句中的附加非限制性定语从句中的附加信息可以省去信息可以省去,没有了附加信息没有了附加信息,我们仍能知道清楚我们仍能知道清楚谈论的是谁谈论的是谁,什么事什么事,这样的从句这样的从句使用逗号使用逗号.e.g. He has a son , who has gone abroad for further study.定语从句的定语从句的种类种类:1.限制限制性定语从句性定语从句: 对先行词起修饰和限定作用对先行词起修饰和限定作用,是不可缺少的成分是不可缺少的成分,没有了附加信息没有了附加信息,我们就不知道我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事谈论的是谁或是什么事,在这样的从句中在这样的从句中不使用逗号不使用逗号.e.g. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.定语从句的位置定语从句的位置定语从句通常放在定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后被修饰词之后。e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系词的三个作用关系词的三个作用: :1. 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一个句子成分。在定语从句中担当一个句子成分。A plane is a machine that can fly.指物，作主语指物，作主语He is the man (that) I told you about.指人，作宾语，可省略指人，作宾语，可省略The man that visited our school is from Canada.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法: that: that指人，作主语指人，作主语This is the present (that) John gave me for my birthday.指物，作宾语，可省略指物，作宾语，可省略These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. 指物，作主语指物，作主语指物，作宾语，可省略指物，作宾语，可省略关系代词的用法关系代词的用法: which: which关系代词的用法关系代词的用法: who/whom: who/whomThe man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.The man (whom/who) Im looking for to is Mr. Li.指人，作宾语，可省略指人，作宾语，可省略指人，作主语指人，作主语指人，作宾语，可省略指人，作宾语，可省略关系代词的用法关系代词的用法: whose: whoseMiss Smith is the teacher whose house Caught fire last year.指人，作定语指人，作定语,后接后接n.She is looking for a book whose cover is red .指物，作定语指物，作定语,后接后接n. =She is looking for a book of which the cover is red . =she is looking for a book the cover of which is red.注意：注意：whose+n.=of which+ the+n.=the+n.+of which关系代词指人指人指物指物subject (主语主语)object 宾语也宾语也可省略可省略attribute（定语）（定语）+n.whomwhowhichthatwhose关系代词（关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系）的指代关系1.The nurse is kind. 2.The nurse looks after my sister. The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。合并下列句子合并下列句子照顾我妹妹的照顾我妹妹的1.The girl is from America.2. I called her just now. The girl (whom/that/who) I called just now is from America.我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。我刚才叫我刚才叫的的1. He is reading a book.2. Its name is Gone with the Wind . He is reading a book whose name is Gone with the Wind .他正在看一本名叫他正在看一本名叫飘飘的书。的书。名叫名叫飘飘的的1. Theyre talking about the film.2. I have seen the film. Theyre talking about the film (which/that) Ive seen. 他们正在讨论我看过的那部电影。他们正在讨论我看过的那部电影。我看过的我看过的确定关系代词的步骤确定关系代词的步骤1.先找先行词先找先行词;2.看先行词指的是人还是物看先行词指的是人还是物;3.看关系词在从句中充当的句子看关系词在从句中充当的句子成成分。分。定语从句定语从句考点考点：关系词的选用：关系词的选用例例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.that/who指人: that/who (主语)例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(who/whom/that/不填不填)指人: who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)例3: The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物: that/which (主语)例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which/不填不填)指物: that/which (宾语,可省略) 例例5 The book _cover is red is mine. A. which B. whose C. of which D. thatBI am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. 先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不等不 定代词时。定代词时。2. 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, few, little, much等修饰时。等修饰时。NOTE 一、一、 that和和which在指物的情况在指物的情况下一般都可以互换下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一一般般用用that而而不用不用which。1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything _ you want? A. which B. that C. who D. whatChoose the best answers:3. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.3. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。4. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。5. 当先行词是当先行词是who, which, 或主句是以或主句是以这些词开头时。这些词开头时。 Who is the girl that drove the car?2. Please take the second chair_ is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it1.Which is the book you bought last week?A. where B. that C. who D. which 注：注： 先行词有两个，既有人也有物时，也只先行词有两个，既有人也有物时，也只能用能用that。 We were talking about the people and things that we saw in our school.1.He did all / everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.that , which or who?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat用用which ，不用，不用that1.在先行词在先行词指物指物的的非非限制定语从句中限制定语从句中。2.在介词之后（指物用在介词之后（指物用which，指人用，指人用whom).3.有两个定语从句，其中一个从句关系代词已用有两个定语从句，其中一个从句关系代词已用了了that，另一个宜用，另一个宜用which. This is the paper that I read every day and which I find so interesting.4.当指物的先行词本身是当指物的先行词本身是that. The predicate is that which is said of the subject. 当不定代词和人称代词作先行词时当不定代词和人称代词作先行词时（ 指人指人）一般）一般用用who，不用，不用that. 如如one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none，those, he, she, they, you 等。等。1. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 想去看电影的人必须在校门口等。想去看电影的人必须在校门口等。2.He who knows others is learned, and he who knows himself is wise. 知人者智，自知者明。知人者智，自知者明。用用who，不用，不用that 关系代词关系代词在定语从句中做主语时在定语从句中做主语时,谓语谓语 动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。 1) I prefer shoes that are cool. 2) I like a pizza that is really delicious. 3) I love singers who are beautiful. 4) I have a friend who plays sports. 1) The man _ I saw told me to wait. 1. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.whom/who/that2) Look at the boy and his dog _ are coming this way.that3) Tom is the first boy _ left the room.thatthat4) He saw a house _ windows were all broken.whose5) You can read any book _ I have. This is the longest train which I have ever seen. that 2) The radio which I bought it last week has gone wrong. 去掉去掉 it或同时去或同时去which3) It was a meeting that importance I didnt realize at that time whose Correct the sentences:4) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , the price of whose was very reasonable. which 5. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.that All _ we need is to be supplied with food and clothing. A. what B. that C. which D. whom 2.The man_talked to you just now is an engineer. A. who B. whose C. which D. whatExercises:3. Can you tell me the name of the factory_ you visited last week? A. what B. in where C. / D. when4. I dont like the way_ you speak to her. A. that B. in that C. who D. whose5. The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that6. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons_ none of us has ever heard of. A. which B. who C. whom D. that7. Who is the person_ is talking about the accident _ happened on Highway 104? A. which; which B. who; what C. that; that D. what; what1.The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (北京北京 2002春季春季) A. where B. when C. which D. who2. Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be. （湖北（湖北 2005）A. who B. that C. what D. which3. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. （天津（天津 2005） A. that B. whose C. those D. what4. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.（2006 北京）北京） A. who; 不填不填 B. who; 不填不填 C. who; who D. 不填；不填不填；不填5. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. (2007 上海上海) A. which B. that C. where D. it