中考英语完形填空解题技巧及例题解析.doc
Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date中考英语完形填空解题技巧及例题解析中考英语完形填空解题技巧及例题解析中考英语完形填空解题技巧及例题解析解题基本方法根据完形填空的试题特点,我们可以采取以下几种方法:1.论证法根据上下文的意思,运用所学的词汇和语法知识,从句子结构和意义上进行分析,并判断所选词语是否正确。2.推理法根据考生对整篇短文的理解,对文章的主题,情节的发展做出合理的推断。3.上下文搜索法完形填空给出的是都是整篇的文章,文章本身就是前后一致的。我们可能从上下文中找到提示或发现答案。4.排除法在无法确定答案的时候,我们可以采取排除法,逐一验证四个选项,以将错误答案一一排除后得出正确答案。解题步骤要做好完形填空题,可依据以下几个步骤进行:1. 通读全文 掌握大意由于完形填空是一个整篇的文章,因此千万不要看一个空选择一个空。在答题之前要快速地将文章通读一遍,了解文章的大意。完形填空的第一句一般是不留空的,并且第一句话很关键。它往往是文章的主题句,所以我们要加以重视。另外在快速阅读时应抓住文章的关键句,比如文章的第一句,段落的第一句和最后一句等。它们往往是全文或全段的主题句,通过它们可以知道文章的题材,大意,时间,人物,事件等。比如2003年福建省福州市中考题中的完形填空的第一句话是:Mr Green was ill and went to the hospital. 通过这句话我们可知这是一篇记叙文,主人公是Mr Green ,主要内容是到医院看病。另外在阅读中要对其中的时间词,动词要加以注意。2. 精读试填依据文章的主干,运用所学的词汇和语法知识,根据上下文的关系,加上初读的印象和正确的英语语感,运用前面介绍的解题方法,将答案初步确定。这是解题的重要步骤,要细心分析,严密论证。在解题过程中,不少考生答题时只看有空白的部分,这种离开上下文,单独地看一个句子,答案可能是正确的,但结合整篇文章来看,内容确是错误的。因此就要求考生要前后兼顾,上下统筹。最终才能得出正确答案。我们以2003年安徽省中考完形填空题为例,其中有这样一句话:The Thais (44)_ to eat with their hands and now there are still some people who eat this wayA. went B. had C. wanted D. used这句话如果只看空格,四个选项分别是短语: go to do, have to do , want to do, used to do, 但结合后半句and now there are still some people who eat this way, 可知答案应该是D。3. 复读核定当第二步完成以后,应该将短文重新再读一遍,并要多方位地检查所选的答案,看看将所选答案填入后,文章是否连贯。在这一环节里,要特别注意平时易错的地方,并对名词的单复数,动词的时态和语态,形容词和副词的比较等级,代词的用法等加以注意,以避免出现因疏忽丢分的现象。4. 再读全文 局部调整答案确定以后,我们最后将全文再读一遍,这时我们要着眼于全篇。对在阅读中发现的个别问题要进行局部调整,在更换答案时既要遵循语法规则,又要兼顾全篇。这几年,完形填空题在选材上越来越多样化,并且越来越具实效性。这就要求同学们不仅只是阅读课本,还要通过报刊,电视,广播,互联网等方式不断拓宽知识面,并始终坚持阅读和写作练习,以提高自身的素质。完形填空的其他考试形式完形填空题除了上面介绍的选择形式之外,近几年不少省市又出现了一些新的考试形式。主要有以下三种:1.根据文章的意思和所给的首字母填词。2.根据文章的意思,从所给出的单词中选择适当的词语填空。3.根据文章的意思用适当的词语填空,且不给出首字母。这种形式的试题比选择形式的试题难度要大,它既考查考生对基础知识的理解和运用,又考查考生的阅读水平和理解能力。做这类试题时应注意以下几点:1.在读懂全文的基础上进行填词对给出首字母的或不给出首字母的试题,我们都必须要将短文先读懂,掌握其大意。然后再根据词汇和语法知识,结合文章的意思和上下句结构填入适当的词语。2.仔细分析词类变化形式和句子结构在理解文章大意的基础上,要对所填词语进行反复推敲。这时我们一定要注意以下几点:1)可数与不可数名词 2)可数名词的单复数形式 3)形容词和副词的等级变化 4)人称代词, 物主代词, 反身代词之间的转换 5)连词的正确使用 6)各类词语之间的转换 3.仔细核实所填词语在全部填完之后要仔细核实所填词语的拼写是否正确, 大小写是否恰当;句子结构是否正确,前后意思是否连贯;全文是否通顺。如果发现问题应该根据所学的词汇和语法知识进行推敲,以确定最终答案。试题范例(1)In some parts of the world there are large deserts. There are no trees and (1)_ water there. Travelers must take food and (2)_ with them.The (3)_ animal that can walk through the desert is the camel. (4)_ can go without food and water for a long time. And besides he can carry heavy loads. People call the (5)_ “the ship of the desert”.The camel is very big. He has one or two humps(驼峰) on his back, short ears and a long (6)_.The camel's humps hold fat, and his stomach holds water in twelve deep pockets. (7)_ pocket has a mouth which closes, and the food does not mix the water. When the camel (8)_ some water, he can get it out of the (9)_. The camel's food is (10)_ and leaves of trees. ( )1. A. no B. any C. not D. /( )2. A. milk B. water C. meat D. grass( )3. A. just B. other C. only D. another( )4. A. He B. They C. She D. It( )5. A. camel B. elephant C. cow D. horse( )6. A. mouth B. neck C. leg D. nose( )7. A. Either B. Each C. All D. Both( )8. A. was wanting B. wants C. is wanting D. wanted( )9. A. nose B. pockets C. mouth D. bags( )10. A. grass B. meat C. bread D. cake 请同学们先不要看下面的解析,而是根据上面介绍的解题方法,自己做一遍。然后再核实你做得是否正确。题解与分析:这是一篇说明文,文章介绍了沙漠之舟骆驼的生理特征和在沙漠中的作用。1.A. 并列连词and 连接的两个对等成分,前面是否定的,后面也应是否定的。2.B. 根据生活常识和上下文,在沙漠中旅行应该带水。3.C. 这句话的意思是:唯一能穿越沙漠的动物是骆驼。other, another 是”其他”的意思,文章并没有谈及其他动物。just 做”仅仅”讲时是副词,不能加名词。only 则是形容词,用来修饰名词。4.A. 本文采用拟人的写法,用he代替camel。5.A. 本文只介绍了一种动物,那就是骆驼。6.B. 骆驼的脖子很长,这是一个基本常识。7.B. both 和either 适用于两者之间,根据twelve deep pockets 可以排除这两个选项。all 用于三者之上,且加复数名词。Each 加上单数名词表示”每个”。8.B. 这篇文章都使用了一般现在时态。9.B. 根据上文可知pocket 是骆驼的储水器官。10.A. 骆驼是食草动物,这是一般的常识。(2)根据文章的意思和所给的首字母用适当的词语填空,使文章完整通顺:Do you know the word “brunch”? In the West, many people like to have brunchlate (1)b_ or early lunch. People often have brunch (2)b_ 10 a. m. and 2 p.m. on Sunday because they prefer to get up (3)l_ after a week's hard work or want to enjoy brunch with their parents, or friends. That is a relaxing and interesting (4)w_ of eating for most families.Today, brunch has become (5)p_ in big hotels. One can (6)e_ ask for or cook it himself. To make it (7)l_ like both breakfast and lunch, people choose to have lots of dishes. You may often see the following (8)f_ on the table, meat, eggs, fruit, (9)v_ , orange juice, tea and bacon. Do you have brunch at (10)w_? If not, why not try? 这是一篇说明文,文章介绍了近年来在西方流行的brunch(早午餐)。brunch 一词是由breakfast 与lunch 中的字母br和unch 合在一起构成的。 1. breakfast, 由下句“early lunch” 和前面的对应词late 可知 brunch 是比breakfast 要晚,而比lunch 要早。2. between, 这里的betweenand 是固定搭配。3. late, 根据句中的状语“on Sunday” 和“after a week's hard work”可知在周末由于人们都在家休息,所以起床会较完。4. way, 对大部分家庭来说,这种brunch只是一种新的放松有趣的进餐方式。5. popular, 目前在西方,brunch 已经成为一种时尚,越来越受到人们的欢迎。6. either, 这是一个等立连词,eitheror,意思是”或者或者”。7. look, 由于brunch介于breakfast 和lunch 之间,所以人们在做起brunch 来,既要像breakfast,又要像lunch。look like 的意思就是”看起来好像”。8. food, 根据下面所列举的内容可知答案。9. vegetables, 英语中,以字母v 开头的food 就是vegetables 了。10.weekend, 根据文章的介绍,brunch 是在周末人们所享用的进餐方式。(3)根据文章的意思,用适当的词语填空,使文章完整通顺,每空一词:A small store sold a lot of jewels and the owner was always careful to prevent people (1)_ stealing them. One day, a thief came and tried to (2)_a beautiful necklace, (3)_ the owner caught him at once and went to the telephone to call the (4)_. “Please don't do that!” the thief said, “I have a wife and three (5)_ at home. And I will (6)_ for the necklace.”The owner felt sorry for the man and he didn't want to have much (7)_ with the police, so he (8)_ the man's offer. He went to prepare a bill for it. But when the owner gave it to him, the thief looked very (9)_ and said, “I didn't mean to get something as expensive as that. Do you have anything (10)_?” 这是一篇记叙文,文章介绍了小偷被店主抓住后的情况,文章在描写人物的心理和语言的使用上,用词恰如其分。1. from, 这是一个固定短语,prevent (stop, keep)from doing ,意思是“阻止做某事”。2. steal, 小偷来珠宝店的目的就是偷东西的。3. but, 这是一句并列句,带有转折的含义,当小偷要偷东西时,被细心的店主抓住。4.police, 由第二段第一句话可知,店主是要给警察打电话的。5.children, 小偷的家里也有妻子和孩子,这是一般的常识。6.pay, 这是小偷被抓住之后的解脱方法,就是赔偿,pay for 就表达这一含义。7. trouble, 店主是在听到小偷的话之后在进行妥协的,而且他自己也不想找麻烦。8. accepted, 这是店主妥协之后的做法,接受小偷的赔偿的条件。9. surprised, 店主开出的价格肯定是很高,超出了小偷所想象的范围,这由下句“I didn't mean to get something as expensive as that .”也会得到启示的。所以当小偷看到价格时会感到很吃惊。10. cheaper, 对应前边的 “as expensive as that” 可知这里应该填cheaper。这也是同expensive 相对比的原因。 (4)从方框中选择适当的词填入短文中,使短文完整通顺,注意有些词要进行变化。sell, little, pleased, make, one, send, home, together, know, butJenny has just got a new computer. She is very (1)_ with it because she can use it to (2)_ E-mails to her friends. This computer was (3)_ by her father at home. His father is not a computer engineer, (4)_ he is a computer fan. He (5)_ a lot about computers. He bought different parts of a computer (6)_ and then put them (7)_ to make a computer. “The home-made computers cost much (8)_ than the (9)_ which are (10)_ in computer shops, “ said Jenny's father. 这是一篇记叙文,文章介绍的是Jenny 的父亲是一个电脑迷,他自己买来零部件在家里组装了一台电脑。并且Jenny 对这台电脑很满意。1. pleased, 这是一个固定短语,be pleased with 意思是“对感到满意”。2. send, 有了电脑之后,Jenny 可以通过它给朋友们发邮件(send E-mail)了。3. made, 这里是一句被动语态,这台电脑是由她父亲在家里组装成的。4. but, 由上句“His father is not a computer engineer”和下句“he is a computer fan”可知一个表示转折含义的词。5. knows, 由上句“he is a computer fan ”可知他对电脑了解很多,这是主语为单数第三人称形式的一般现在时态。6. home, Jenny 的父亲是将零部件买回家在家里组装的电脑。7. together, puttogether 的意思是“把放在一起”,在这里则表示”组装”。8. less, 组装电脑比商店里出售的电脑便宜,由后面的than还知道这句话中的副词应用比较级。9. ones, 这是一个替代词,它与前面的“the home-made computers”相对应,因此应该使用复数形式。10. sold, 这也是一句被动语态,商店的电脑是被出售的。以上几种形式是近年来各省市中考出现的题型,不论哪种题型,只要同学们在解题过程中认真对待,用合理的方法去解答,一定会取得好的成绩的。-