中考英语总复习-名词讲解和训练.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date中考英语总复习-名词讲解和训练中考英语专题复习一：名词考点讲解和训练中考英语专题复习一：名词考点讲解和训练【考点直击】1可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2名词所有格的构成及用法；一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2） 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。例如：Heroes and Negroes like to eat potatoes tomatoes。英雄和黑人都爱吃土豆和西红柿。（5）以o结尾的词且有生命的加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,无生命的加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。 但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios。 （6） 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。例如：A thief and his wife cut a wolf into havles with a sharp knife 。One half is hidden in the leaves and the other on the shelf 。小偷和妻子拿刀去砍狼，一刀砍两半，结束其生命。一半藏在树叶里，另一半放在架子上。（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice，oxoxen，goosegeese ，mouse mice， gentlemangentlemen，policemanpolicemen，chairmanchairmen，businessmanbusinessmen【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans； man, woman构成的复合名词变复数，前后两个名词都要变复数，如：menworkers， women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词：news, falls2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】 1.These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。2.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes 答案：D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加s。 3.-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。 4.-What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 答案：C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house      B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home    D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food   B. lunch   C. breakfast   D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times   B. a third time   C. the third time   D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters   B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water     D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth   B. feet   C. hand   D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes   B. meat   C. potato   D. pears7In England, the last name is the  _ .A. family name   B. middle   C. given name   D. full name8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen   B. Germany   C. Germanys   D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches   B. boy; watch   C. boy; watches   D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth   B. tooths   C. teeth   D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea   B. key   C. excuse   D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children   B. women and childC. woman and child      D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE       B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP   D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day    B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day      D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406   B. Room 406   C. the 406 Room   D. 406 Room-