全球化与国际贸易(附带英文).doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date全球化与国际贸易(附带英文)全球化与国际贸易(附带英文)全球化与国际贸易由于全球化的原因，国际间的贸易不断增强。而一些不同国家的传统习惯，也慢慢进入到了贸易里。而一些大家公认的经济的常识也慢慢地被人们所用。例如全球化（globalization）一词，是一种概念，也是一种人类社会发展的现象过程。全球化目前有诸多定义，通常意义上的全球化是指全球联系不断增强，人类生活在全球规模的基础上发展及全球意识的崛起。国与国之间在政治、经济贸易上互相依存。全球化亦可以解释为世界的压缩和视全球为一个整体The term globalization, is a concept, but also a process of the development of human society phenomenon. Globalization has many definitions. In the usual sense of globalization refers to the growing global links. The rise of the development of human life based on a global scale and the global consciousness will improve. Between country and country in the political, economic and trade interdependence, globalization also can be explained by the compression and the earth as a whole world.国际贸易（International Trade）是指不同国家（和/或地区）之间的商品和劳务的交换活动。国际贸易是商品和劳务的国际转移。国际贸易也叫世界贸易。 国际贸易由进口贸易（Import Trade）和出口贸易(Export Trade)两部分组成，故有时也称为进出口贸易。International trade is the exchange activities between different countries of goods and services. International trade is the international transfer of goods and services. International trade also called world trade. International trade is composed of two parts the import and export trade It is sometimes called as the import and export trade.11111促进国家间特别是大国间的协调与合作随着经济全球化的深入发展，一个统一的全球经济系统正在逐步形成。各国之间、地区之间的经济利益错综交织，你中有我、我中有你，相互依赖程度不断加深。同时各国对世界市场的争夺也日趋激烈，争端和摩擦接连不断，一波未平，一波又起。而传统经济体制下的零和、输赢规则已为经济全球化环境下的非零和及双输、双赢规则取代，要么一损俱损。因此，任何一个国家，无论其经济实力多么强大，都不能我行我素。各国，尤其是各大国，在处理相互关系和国际关系时客观要求相互沟通。协调与合作正在成为大国关系的主旋律。近年来，中美关系的改善和发展，就与经济全球化这一因素密不可分。中国是最大的发展中国家，美国是最大的发达国家。冷战结束之后两国关系麻烦不断，一度曾面临严重危机。但是，由于两国经济上的互补性很强，中国拥有广大的市场和发展潜力，美国大量的资金和技术急需开拓国外市场，因而，中美间的经贸关系仍迅速发展。美国是中国的第二大贸易伙伴，中国是美国的第四大贸易伙伴。对中国的直接出口为美国提供了30多万个就业岗位，双边贸易至少为美国工业和服务业提供了上百万个工作岗位。经济上的互惠互利推动着两国间的接触、对话不断发展，双方搁置分歧，增进了解，加强协调，扩大合作。两国建立了面向21世纪的建设性战略伙伴关系。两国元首频繁互访，并设立首脑热线，及时就全球问题交换看法和意见。中美两国还在资源、能源、环保、安全等全球性问题上进一步加强合作。Promote inter country especially the coordination and cooperation among the great powersWith the in-depth development of economic globalization, a unified global economic system is gradually formed. Between countries, economic interests of intricate intertwined, you have me and I have you, the deepening of interdependence. At the same time, countries of the world market for also is becoming increasingly fierce, disputes and friction continuously, One event succeeds another. But the traditional economic system under the zero and, win or lose rules for the globalization of economy and the zero sum and double lose, win-win replace rules, or both. Therefore, any country, regardless of their economic strength, however powerful, can not persist in one's old ways. All countries, especially the major powers, in dealing with mutual relations and international relations at the objective requirements of mutual communication. Coordination and cooperation is becoming the main theme of the relations among major powers.In recent years, improvement and development of Sino US relations, and economic globalization is closely related to this factor. Chinese is the largest developing country, American is the largest developed country. After the cold war, the relations between the two countries continue to trouble, had faced a serious crisis. However, because the complementarity of the two economies are strongly, China has a vast market and development potential, American a lot of much-needed capital and technology to develop foreign markets, therefore, the economic and trade relations between China and the United States are still developing rapidly. American is Chinese's second largest trading partner, American China is the fourth largest trade partner. Direct exports to the China provides about 300000 jobs for USA, bilateral trade at least provides millions of jobs for American industry and service industry. The economic reciprocity and mutual benefit to promote the contacts, dialogue between the two countries continues to develop, the two sides set aside their differences, enhance mutual understanding, strengthen coordination, expand cooperation. The two countries have established a constructive strategic partnership for twenty-first Century. The two heads of state visits, and heads of the establishment of the hotline, exchange views and opinions in a timely manner on global issues. China and the United States are still resources, energy, environmental protection, security and other global issues to further strengthen cooperation222222222.对南北关系产生双重影响南北关系的实质是发展中国家摆脱发达国家经济和政治上的剥削与控制，谋求建立公正合理的国际政治、经济新秩序。经济全球化对南北关系产生了双重的影响。从积极的方面来看，首先南北关系长期以来的紧张态势得到一定程度的缓解。过去南方对北方的单向依赖已变成双方的相互依赖和相互竞争，南北经济交往的规模和密切程度空前增强。彼此都认识到，只有保持南北双方和谐发展，世界经济才能得以健康地运行。双方都在处理南北关系时表现出务实性和灵活性，放弃了一些过高的、不切实际的要求。其次，一些发展中国家抓住新的发展机遇，缩短了与发达国家的经济差距，南方的国际地位有所提高。南方国家之间要求加强经济和科技合作的呼声很高Have a double impact on North South RelationsThe essence of North South relations are developing countries get rid of exploitation and control of developed countries economically and politically, and sought to establish a new international political and economic order, fair and reasonable. Economic globalization has double effects on North South relations. On the positive side, the North South relations tension has eased to some extent. The past one-way dependence on the North South has become dependent on both sides and mutual competition, scale and extent of South North economic exchanges and enhanced. To know each other, only to maintain the harmonious development of the world economy in both north and south, to the healthy operation of. Both sides in the treatment of North South relations showed pragmatism and flexibility, to give up some excessive, unrealistic demands. Secondly, some developing countries to seize the new opportunities of development, shorten the economic gap with the developed countries, the South's international status has improved. Southern countries called for strengthening the economic and technological cooperation is very high voice333333333.推动区域内国家联合经济全球化带来世界市场的激烈竞争，各个国家，特别是弱国、小国，都希望增强自身的竞争力，但是一个国家又往往力不从心，于是有着地理、文化等若干共同因素的国家就通过区域内国家的联合，通过地区经济一体化来加强争夺市场份额的能力。近年来，地区经济一体化组织不断增多，60年代只有9个，70年代发展到28个，80年代有32个，到1997年达107个，共有150多个国家和地区参与，有的还参与了多个地区经济一体化组织。Economic globalization has brought the fierce competition in the world market, every country, especially the weak, small, want to enhance the competitiveness of a country, but also often inadequate, so there are some common factors such as geography, culture of the country by the United Nations in the region, to enhance the ability to compete for market share by regional economic integration. In recent years, regional economic integration organizations increased only 9, 60's, 70's to 80's of 28, 32, to 1997 reached 107, a total of participating in more than 150 countries and regions, and some also participated in the economic integration organizations in many areas.There is an example, European union.( Treaties of the European Union)Treaties of the European Union ” European Union” W June 11, 2014 W 在我看来，全球化和国际贸易是密不可分的。两者之间有着历史的必然性，当初在中古世纪的中国就曾经有与西方通商贸易的概念，借由输出丝绸和茶叶来赚取大量外汇，18世纪的德国学者就因此将这条道路取名为丝路。后来奥斯曼土耳其帝国崛起，通商贸易受阻，为了能够不假于土耳其人之手，西欧国家纷纷海上探险寻找新丝路，史称地理大发现，可谓早期全球化的开始。In my opinion, globalization and international trade is inseparable.There is the inevitability of history between the two, initially in the medieval Chinese once had the concept and Western trade, the output of tea and silk to earn a lot of foreign exchange, the eighteenth Century German scholars so will this road known as the silk road. Later, Osman Turkey the rise of the Empire, the trade is blocked, in order to be able to not leave in the Turks, Western European countries have sea adventure seeking new Silk Road, known as the great geographical discovery, start is the early globalization.对于中国随着世界经济的发展，经济全球化已经成为了不可逆转的趋势。它犹如一把“双刃剑”，既给一个国家的发展带来了机遇，但同时也使一个国家的发展伴随着严峻的挑战和巨大的风险。不仅给发达国家带来了直接的经济利益，而且也使广大发展中国家由于快速融入经济全球化进程，并在经济全球化和国际经济合作中获得投资和技术，得到各国在生产和管理上的帮助与合作，从而提高了本国的经济技术发展水平，实现了本国经济持续和快速发展。我国作为最大的发展中国家，其发展也不可避免的受到经济全球化趋势的影响，这种影响也同样既有机遇也有挑战。面对机遇与挑战，我们必须采取有效的措施增强我国在国际市场的竞争力，在竞争中增强实力。中国经济的发展虽然在社会主义市场经济条件下有了显著的提高，但还远远落后于发达国家的经济发展水平，要赶上或超过其发展还要经历相当长的时间，但我们应该看到经济全球化给我们带来的机遇，并抓住这个机遇加快发展我国的经济。 For ChineseWith the development of the world economy, economic globalization has become an irreversible trend. It is like a "double-edged sword", it brings opportunities to the development of a country, but also enable the development of a country with serious challenges and risks. Not only to the developed countries to bring direct economic benefits, but also to the vast number of developing countries because of the rapid integration into the economic globalization process, and get the investment and technology in economic globalization and international economic cooperation in the world, get help and cooperation in production and management, so as to improve the economic development of their technology, realizes our country economy sustained and rapid development. China is the largest developing country, and its development has been the trend of economic globalization inevitably affect, this effect also there are both opportunities and challenges. In the face of opportunities and challenges, we must take effective measures to enhance our competitiveness in the international market, enhance the strength in the competition.The development of China economy although has improved significantly under the condition of socialist market economy, but also far behind the developed countries level of economic development, to catch up with or exceed its development also experienced a long time, but we should see the economy globalization brings us opportunities, and seize the opportunity to accelerate the development of the economy of our country.（一） 经济全球化有利于我国扩大利用国外资本，更多更好的引进和吸收国外先进技术和管理经验。我国经济要迅速发展决不能离开大量外资的支持。当前经济全球化的重要特征之一就是资本流动的国际化。扩大对外直接投资成为世界发达国家的普遍现象，成为各国经济活动和运作的重要内容。同时经济全球化下，各国外汇管理制度的放宽和电子货币的流通，更是为货币资本的全球流动提供了便利条件。通过吸引外商投资等形式，我国还可以引进国外先进的技术和生产设备，从而加速我国技术的进步。我国在引进国外资本的同时，可以通过国外技术人员的进入，外商投资企业的示范作用，人员流动的技术扩散作用和企业间的竞争作用，加速先进技术在我国产业中的传播，加速企业的技术改造，从而提高我国企业的技术水平。通过吸引外商投资尤其是跨国公司的投资，还将有助于我国学习和借鉴其先进的管理方式和经验，这将有利于我国提高经营管理水平和深化我国企业改革，对于我国企业组织方式的革新和管理能力的提高具有重要意义。 a) economic globalization to our country to expand the use of foreign capital, the introduction of more and better and absorption of foreign advanced technology and management experience. China's economic rapid development cannot leave plenty of foreign support. One of the important features of the current international economic globalization is capital flow. The expansion of foreign direct investment has become a common phenomenon of developed countries in the world, has become an important aspect of economic activities and operations. At the same time, the economic globalization, foreign exchange management system and the relaxation of the electronic currency circulation, is the flow of money capital, providing convenient conditions. Through attracting foreign investment and other forms, China can also introduce foreign advanced technology and production equipment, so as to accelerate China's technological progress. In China, the introduction of foreign capital and at the same time, can enter the foreign technical personnel, the exemplary role of foreign invested enterprises, personnel flow of technology diffusion effect and the competition between enterprises, accelerate the spread of advanced technology in our industry, accelerate the transformation of enterprise technology, so as to improve the technical level of enterprises in china. Through attracting foreign investment especially Multi-National Corporation investment, also will be helpful to our study and draw lessons from the advanced management mode and experience, which will help improve the management level of our country and the deepening of enterprise reform in China, is of great significance for the innovation and management of our enterprises ability.（二）经济全球化能够促进我国调整产业结构，提升产业水平。伴随着经济全球化进程不断加快，在世界范围内再一次出现了产业结构调整的高潮。我国可以利用这一契机，根据国际和国内市场的需要，依据本地区的实际情况，采取有效措施，引进国外先进技术和设备。 Economic globalization can promote the adjustment of industrial structure of our country, to upgrade the industry level. With the accelerating process of economic globalization, in the world once again the adjustment of industrial structure. Our country can make use of this opportunity, according to the needs of international and domestic market, according to the actual situation in the region, take effective measures, the introduction of foreign advanced technology and equipment.（二） 经济全球化有助于我国优化出口商品结构拓展国际贸易的空间。经济全球化的条件下，信息的发展越来越国际化，并且信息作为生产要素在世界经济增长中的作用越来越突出。同时跨国公司作为经济全球化的主力和重要载体，已成为全球化经济发展的核心，其活动越来越呈现出生产国际化、经营多元化、决策全球化的特点。信息时代所带来的新的生产方式和跨国公司在全球范围内布置生产和配置资源大大改变了传统国际贸易的分工模式,从而形成了新的国际贸易分工体系。（三） Three) contribute to the optimization of China's export commodity structure expanding international trade space of economic globalization. Under the condition of economic globalization, the development of information become more and more internationalized, and the information as a production factor in the growth of world economy is more and more outstanding. At the same time, the Multi-National Corporation as the economic globalization main and important carrier, has become the core of economic globalization, the activity presents more and more characteristics of production internationalization, diversification, globalization's decision. The information age brings a new mode of production and the Multi-National Corporation arranged in the worldwide production and the allocation of resources has greatly changed the traditional international trade mode, thus forming a new international division of labor system. （四） 经济全球化有利于我国发挥比较优势，积极开展与周边国家的区域经济合作。  经济全球化的发展和国际贸易比重的不断提高，以及发达国家逐步向发展中国家开放市场，这一切都有利于发展中国家和落后地区依据自身条件，开展与其他国家和地区经济交流与合作。同时，次区域经济合作的形成和发展，也将为我国经济发展提供可借鉴的思路。（五） Economic globalization is conducive to China's comparative advantages, and actively carry out regional economic cooperation with neighboring countries. The development of economic globalization and international trade increasing proportion of developed countries to developing countries, and gradually open up the market, all these are conducive to developing countries and underdeveloped regions according to their own conditions, development and other national and regional economic exchanges and cooperation. At the same time, time of formation and development of regional economic cooperation, will also provide a reference for our country's economic development经济的全球化已是势不可挡，新经济的浪潮已经席卷而来。我们必须抓住机遇，解放思想，与时俱进，勇于创新，加快发展，顺势而上。 发展一批具有国际竞争力的大公司和企业集团，努力提高出口产品的国际竞争力。首先，要努力培育和发展壮大一批中国式的跨国公司，通过推进授权经营和重组上市、改革分配制度，规范上市公司，建立现代企业制度，推进企业技术进步，使这些企业集团成为技术创新能力强、经营管理能力强、经营管理能力强、规模效益好、具有持续盈利能力和抗风险能力的“中国队”，提高我国经济的整体实力。其次，要实现出口产品结构的升级，提高竞争力和效益。出口企业要抓住电子商务发展的大好机遇，突破