冀教版八年级下册英语课本知识点.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date冀教版八年级下册英语课本知识点Lesson 1Lesson 11. Whats the weather like today? = How is the weather today?2. Its not snowing. = Its not snowy.3. a thunder storm = a storm with thunder4. I hope not! I hope so. I dont hope so.= I hope not.Im afraid so. Im afraid not.I think so. I dont think so.= I think not.5. be scared/afraid of sb./sth. “恐惧某人/某物” be scared/afraid to do sth. “恐惧做某事”Lesson 21. Whats the date today? = What is todays date?2. What day is today? = What day (of the week) is it today?3. become = get “变得” 系动词 常接形容词作表语 become “成为” 系动词 常接名词作表语4. make a noise “发出声响，吵闹”Lesson31.walk to = go toon foot 2.see sb.doing sth and see sb.do sth.(hear,find,watch).3willin +一段时间（How soon提问）4.Thank you for+n/ing, 5.on the grass 6. in the snow7.not untill“直到才” They didnt leave until they finished the work. 8 .区分 arrive in/at，reach ,get to 9.in +月/年/季节Lesson4one by one: one after another “一个接一个地”day by day 一天一天地 year by year 一年一年地lesson51.提建议的方法： Lets +do Shall we do How / What about doing Why not do You had better （not）do Would you please do 2.hit 的用法：hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸hit sb. on the nose 打某人的鼻子 hit sb. on the head 打某人的头Lesson 6 1 How to make suggestions? (如何提建议)Shall/I we ? How/What about sth./doing sth? Lets (not) do sth. Would you like sth./to do sth? Why dont you do sth.? = Why not do sth.? May/Can I ?2. at the playground = in/on the playground3. thank sb. for doing sth. thank sb. for sth. Eg：Thank you for helping me. = Thank you for your help.4. hold on “(电话)不挂断” “抓紧” 5. Its time for sth. Its time (for sb.) to do sth. 6. stop to do sth. “停止或中断做某事后去做另一件事” stop doing sth. “停止做某事”7. get off “从下来” 8. get off get on 9. look like “看起来像”Lesson71.Come down 下来 2.Fall off 摔下来3.Get off 从 下来；4.Turn down 转身5.Hold on 抓住；抓紧6.Give sb a push离开推某人一下 7.All day 全天；整天 Lesson81.play+ground playground kilo+metre kilometrenews+paper newspaper foot+ball footballno+body nobody air+plane airplane some+time sometime out+side outsidebath+room bathroom snow+ball snowball2.播音 be on the radio 升起 rise=go/come up在白天 in daylight=in the dayLesson91. Grow into 变成，发育成2. Would you please (not) do请你（别）做某事好吗？3. lend sth. to sb. =lend sb. sth. 借给某人某物Eg：Could you lend me your ruler?4. Coverwith用-覆盖- eg：Cover your eyes with the book5. . be covered with 被盖住 eg：The earth is covered with snowLesson111. look after照料，照顾。=take care of2. look at看 look forward to 希望 look out当心 look through仔细检查 look up向上看 look back回顾 3. lots of许多，既可以修饰可数名词，相当于many，又可以修饰不可数名词，相当于much。4. keep+名词/代词+形容词/介词短语/动词- ingkeep+名词/代词+形容词，表示使某人或某物保持某种状态。 Eg：Keep the door open. 请让门开着keep + sb. / sth.+介词短语，表示使某人处于位置。keep sb./sth. +动词-ing形式，表示让某人或某物（长时间地）进行着某个动作。Eg：Dont keep your car running too fast. 不要让你的车一直跑得太快。5. be made of用制造的 （看得出原材料）be made from 用制造的 （看不出原材料）be made in +地点 由制造lesson121. one the other “一个，另一个”2. did see= saw did起加强语气的作用 “确实，的确”3. as “当的时候” 引导时间状语从句4. all around: in every place/everywhere/here and thereLesson 13 1. need to do sth, 2. without doing sth. 3. coverwith 4.Its+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 对某人而言做某事是的5.give sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb.,6.among（在三者或三者以上之间）,between（在两者之间）7.nothing=not anything sth. to do. Lesson141.look 系动词look good 系表结构,形容词作表语2.in many ways in different ways in many different ways 用不同的方式3. that关系代词，引导定语从句,并代指plants 4. half of “中的一半” half of + 不可数名词代表单数概念 half of + 可数名词复数 代表复数概念5.use sth. to do sth. “用来做” 不定式作状语，表示目的和用途6.sick ill adj “有病的，患病的” sick作表语或定语ill通常只作表语作表语时可互换7.be sick = be ill feel sick = feel ill 8.an ill man = a bad man “一个坏人”Lesson151.after + 一段时间 “多长时间以后” 常用于过去时 in +一段时间 “多长时间以后” 常用于将来时2.every, some, any, no与one, body, thing组合起来的词叫不定代词，不定代词作主语，三单处理。形容词作定语时需要后置。3.turn into “变成” turn into “把变成”4.are called = are namedlesson171.play with “与一起玩” “拿来玩”2.keep “使某人/某物保持某状态或某地位” ，后面可加介词短语、形容词或动词的ing形式作宾补。 keep “饲养(动物)" = feed 3.What about ?= How about? "怎么样？” （1）用于向对方提出建议或征求对方的意见，后接名词或动名词. （2）用于询问对方或第三者和已知情况有关的各种情况。4. might情态动词，表示可能、不确定、期望、许可等，相当于may，但更带迟疑、婉转、谦逊等色彩，意为“可能，也许，可以”。无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。5. need实义动词 通常用作在肯定句中,也可用于否定句 和疑问句中。need sth. need to do sth. need doing sth. 主语与need后的动名词有动宾关系时，用 need doing sth. 6. need情态动词 多用于疑问句和否定句中，无时态和人称变化，后接动词原形 need not do sth. 用于一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。Lesson181.slow dowm 减速 减慢 怠工The car is slowing down.2.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步Would you like to take me for a walk?take / go for a walk 去散步They often go for a walk after supper.3.Think of 考虑 认为 想起 记得 (词语联想) think out 想出 think over仔细考虑 think about 考虑 思考4.named=called5.过去将来时结构was/were going to + 动原 would +动原 （表示过去将要发生的动作，常用在宾语从句中）Lesson191. lets do sth lets not do sth2.That would be fun! 主语+would +动词原形(过去将来时)3.询问意见： what( how) about doing sth lets do sth shall we do sthwhy not do sth why dont you do sth 4. protect -from doing 保护-不受-的伤害 stop sb from doing 阻止某人做某事5. go extinct 灭绝6.might(表肯定的猜测，可能性小) must(表肯定的猜测，肯定、一定) cant(表否定的猜测，不可能)Lesson201. stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事2. quiet 指安静的,宁静的.没有干扰活动. silent 主要用于人指”沉默的,不出声的”但不一定没有活动. calm 指”镇静的,平静的” 指人沉着镇定,指自然无风浪. 多强调心理活动.Lesson211.make sb./sth. Mad2.through prep. “从空间(里面，中心)穿过” across prep. “从表面通过”3.nearly adv. “几乎，差不多” Eg： We are nearly there. 我们快要到了 almost adv. “几乎，差不多”程度更接近一些We are almost there. 我们就要到了多数情况下两者可通用。但nearly不能修饰否定词，但可被not修饰。almost可修饰否定词， 但不可被not修饰。Lesson221.mean v. “意思是，意味着”，其后接名词或宾语从句。2.play a joke on sb/play a trick on sb.取笑某人，讲笑话。3.get out of从出来，离开4.tell sb to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 tell sb not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事Lesson231. look up 查找get/be married “结婚” get/be married to sb. “和某人结婚”2. One of + 形容词最高级+名词复数， “最之一” 作主语三单处理3. no other people = nobody else “没有其他人”4. in the world 在世界上5.in the dictionary 在词典中6. explain to 解释7.be famous/well-known for “以著名（闻名）”be famous/well-known as “作为而著名”be famous as 对而著名8. keep sb./sth. inside/ outside “保持某人/某物在里面/外面”Lesson241.No smoking! 禁止抽烟！No parking! 禁止停车！Lesson251. fill with 用把装满常用作 befilled with eg: She filled the bag with books. The bag was filled with books. 2.coverwith 用把.覆盖 常用作 be covered with eg: They covered the seeds with earth. The seeds were covered with earth.3.be sure 确信的;有把握的,常用结构: be sure of; be sure+ that 从句. be sure of doing sth. 是对自己而言,而be sure to do sth.则是对别人或其他物而言,除非是祈使句. eg: They are sure of winning the match. They are sure to win the match. (是他们自己有信心) (别人对他们有信心)4.observe sb.doing sth./ do sth. 用法与hear /see/ watch/find/notice相同5. happen to sb. 某人发生什么？happen to sb. 某人发生什么事？Lesson261.turn over: turn upside down “翻转，倒扣”2.put on “穿上，戴上”强调动作过程 wear “穿者，戴着” 强调状态3. dry oneself off “把自己弄干” Lesson271.in front of “在外部的前面” in the front of “在内部的前面”2. interesting “有趣的”interested “感兴趣的” be interested in 3.take sth. off(away from) sth. “使离开或脱离” take sth. off “从(身上)脱下” take off “(指飞机等)起飞，匆忙离去”4. take away “拿走”take it/them away 5. surprising “令人惊讶的” surprised “感到惊讶的” be surprised at Lesson281. be the opposite of 是的反义词2.taste 系动词(link v.) 后加形容词作表语3. until prep. (介词) conj.(连词) 引导时间状语从句until “直到” “直到.为止“ not until “直到才”Lesson291.have fun doing sth.= enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事 ” 2.Its fun to do/doing sth. “做有乐趣”3.There is much/no fun in doing sth.4.have fun = enjoy oneself = have a good time “玩得高兴”5.arrive in + 大地方 arrive at + 小地方 可单独使用6.make eggs = lay eggs “产卵，生蛋”7.find “找到”强调找的结果look for = hunt for “寻找” 强调动作过程8.everywhere= here and there = at/in every place9. be full of = be filled with “充满”Lesson301. make/let/have sth./sb. do sth. “使某物/某人做某事”2.make the candle burn = light the candle3.use sth. up“用尽(材料)，设法利用(剩余的材料或时间)”4.eat up “吃光” drink up“喝光” 5.分数的表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母加S。Lesson 311. hold the water up = keep the water in the jar2. push down on sth./sb. from above push up on sth./sb. from below.Lesson321.一般将来时态结构：will/shall + 动原 带有感情色彩am(is, are) going to +动原 计划/打算做某事Lesson331. somewhere 只用于肯定句 “某处” 2. anywhere用于否定句和疑问句 ，“什么地方”也可用于肯定句 “任何地方”3. across = across from “在.另一边, 在.对过(面)”4. take “花费” It takes sb. some time to do sth. 5. rapid: adj. rapidly adv. 指动作或运动本身快，急速。 fast adj.&adv. 指动作的速度，即表示动作本身的迅速。 quick adj. quickly adv. 表示即刻行动，毫不迟疑。 6.more rapid = rapider “更快的”7.It takes sb. some time to do sth. Lesson341. puttogether put and together “装配,组成,凑成”2.get on/ off “上/下车” (指公共汽车,火车,船,飞机) get in/into the car get out of the car “上/下小汽车”3. at (a speed of) 以的速度Lesson351. Certainly!= Sure! = Of course!2.100 years from now = in 100 years “在100年后” 用于一般将来时3.Youd better = You had better had better do sth. “最好做某事” had better not do sth. “最好不要做某事”4.as long as “只要” 引导条件状语从句Lesson361. leave sth. “把某物遗忘在什么地方”2. forget sth. “遗忘某物”3. get on/ off “上/下车” (指公共汽车,火车,船,飞机)4. get in/into the car get out of the car “上/下小汽车”5. Its such a delight(乐事) to have friends from afar.有朋自远方来不亦乐乎。6. in a hurry “急匆匆地”Lesson371. With prep. 具有，携带- without prep. 没有2. Turn on 打开（电器）- turn off 关（电器）3.fuel n. 燃料(不可数名词)Lesson381. skate n. & vi 1) n. 滑冰鞋 a pair of skates一双滑冰鞋 2) v. 滑冰 go skating 去滑冰2.询问职业: 1) What do/does+主语+do? 2）What +be+主语?3.send的用法：1) send sb. sth. =send sth. to sb. 寄给某人某物Ill send him a message tomorrow. =Ill send a message to him tomorrow. 我明天将给他捎个信去。 2) send sb. to do sth. 派某人做某事 They have sent some workers to help the farmers. 他们已经派了一些工人去帮助那些农民。 3) send away赶走；解雇 The teacher wanted to send Tom away from school. 老师想把汤姆从学校撵走。 4) send for派人去请 His mother sent for a doctor. 他妈妈派人去请医生。 5）send up发射 China has sent up man-made satellites to circle the earth. 中国已经发射了围绕地球的人造卫星。4. space与sky space作 “太空”讲,泛指肉眼看不见的地方;sky的意思是“天空”,表示距离较近的,肉眼能看见的空间。5. all the time 一直，始终6. 有关time的习语 1) at times=sometimes有时，间或 My father goes home late at times. 我父亲有时晚回家。 2) in time及时 The doctor came in time to save her life. 医生及时地赶到救了她。 3) on time按时 The train arrived on time. 火车按时到那儿。 4) take ones time慢慢来，别着急 Take your time, theres no hurry. 慢慢地干，不要着急。Lesson391. 可以修饰比较级的副词有：a lot much a little even still 2. sound n. 指各种声音 3. present to “把介绍(展现,表现)给某人”4.go well = be all right = OK “进展正常(顺利)”5.present v. presentation n. Lesson401. Sounds like 听起来像2.in a hurry. 匆匆忙忙。4.go through 穿行 5.all the time = always 一直，总是Lesson421. program = programme 2. click on “点击”3. finish doing sth. 只能用v-ing形式而不用不定式作宾语的词有：finish, enjoy, keep, mind, dislike 4. not anymore/any more = no more5. hear from sb.=get/receive a letter/an e-mail/a phone from sb.“收到某人来信/邮件/电话”6. hear of = hear about “听说”Lesson 43 1. information 不可数名词2. far farther farthest3. begin to do sth. begin doing sth. 只能用不定式作宾语的三种情况： 1) 当主语是物时 The ice begins to melt. 2) 当begin在句中是beginning形式时 He was beginning to set off. 3) 当begin后面的动词是表示心理活动的词，如：realize (认识到), know, think, understand等时 He began to realize how his parents loved him. 4. by hand “靠手，用手” by “通过的方式5. 可修饰比较级的词有：much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, still 等。而so, very, too, quite, rather等不能修饰比较级, 只能修饰原级。6. look up “(在词典或参考书中)查阅”look the word up = look up the wordlook it up look them up7. which “那一个，那一些”Lesson441. 辨析：tool与instrumenttool指工匠或工人用手操作的简单工具；instrument指乐器、仪器、器具等2. get/give /teach sb. a lesson给某人一个教训learn ones lesson吸取教训。3. miss vt：未赶上；怀念，想念；丢失 missing adj.丢失的，不见的 4. search after 探索，寻找 search for搜查 search into调查 search out找出search + 范围 + for + 对象 在.探索(寻找).5. 两三个月：two months or three=two or three monthsLesson451. right now1) 现在，此刻，可用于一般现在时和现在进行时。 2) 立刻，马上，同义短语有：right away, right off, at once, right straight等。2. till prep. & conj.直到为止，用法基本与until相同 1)(until) 用在肯定句中，主句用延续性动词。 2) (until) 用在否定句中时，主句用非延续性动词。 until可以放在句首，till一般不放在句首。3. wait a moment稍等一会儿a moment ago刚才， at any moment任何时候。at the moment(=now) 此刻，那时。 in a moment立即，马上，一会儿。just a moment(=wait for a moment)稍等一下 the moment(=as soon as)一就4. yet用作副词，用于否定句中，通常置于句末，也可紧接于not之后，表示“到此时，至今”。用于疑问句，表示“已经、还”。用于肯定句中，表示“还，似，更”等。5. yet与alreadyalready已经，业已；先前，通常用于肯定句中already通常置于动词、助动词之后或行为动词之前，若置于句末则表示惊讶。6. question和problem都是名词。都表示“问题”。question意义广泛，多指要求回答的问题，而problem是指较难或有待解决的问题，或者是客观存在的问题Lesson461. try to do sth. 2. 意思是“努力或尽力做”；而try doing sth 意思是“试着做”eg :He tried to climb the tree,but he could not . she tried cooking the meat in wine instead of water.3.while“当的时候，引导时间状语从句，表示持续的时间段4. alive形容词“活着的”，不能用做前置定语修饰名词5. not all of them “并非所有都”否定词加all或 both表示部分否定其全部否定分别由 none 或neither 表示6. Whatever“无论什么，不管什么”在这儿作宾语，相当于 anything that whatever 还可以作主语，也可引导状语从句，相当于no matter what .eg:Whatever the perents do is for their children.Whatever I do,I do it for you. 7. since 介词，连词“自以来，自以后”8. alone “独自的，单独的”，lonely“孤独的，荒凉的”9. take care of=look after“照顾，照料”Lesson 471. fail to do sth. “忘记，忽视或未能做某事”2. fail （in） sth. “在某方面失败”Fail doing sth. “在做某事遭到失败”3. reach him by telephone = get in touch with him by telephone4. feel like = feel as if/ thoughfeel like + 宾语从句 “觉得，好像” feel like + 名词 “想要” “感到像,摸起来像” feel like + v-ing形式 “想要做某事”5. if conj. “如果” 引导条件状语从句。if conj. “是否” 引导宾语从句。6. be connected to 表示抽象意义的 “连接，联系”7. connect to表示“把和(一般为实物)连接起来）8. send a message to sb. “送个信儿给某人”take