虚拟语气总结.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流虚拟语气总结.精品文档.虚拟语气：分两大类（假设类、缓和语气类）一假设类 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)if 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态) 假设结果过去if had done， would/ should / could / might have done现在if did / were, would/ should / could / might do将来if were to do/ should do, would/ should / could / might do（不可能，不希望发生）将来if does/ is（真）, will do（有可能发生）注意：）省if ，要倒装）if 从句被以下替代：unless, otherwise, but for, supposing, without Unless you were to order him, he wouldnt do. = If you were not to order him, he wouldnt do.Fortunately I had my calculator with me. Otherwise (=if I hadnt had my calculator with me), it would have taken a much longer time to get the job done.But for the heavy rain (= If it had not rained heavily), we would / could have arrived in time. Supposing I accepted this offer, what would you do?Without/but for his help, we wouldnt have finished the job in time.） for fear (that), in case (that), lest (that) 从句（其实if 从句中的将来不希望发生）(虚拟手段：倒推时态-. 过去将来时“should do”)Hes working hard for fear that/lest that he should fall behind。What would you do in case your house should catch fire（in case your house should catch fire = if your house should catch fire）3)as if / as though 从句(虚拟手段：倒推时态) She treats him as if he were her son. She looks as if she is ill. （真） She looks as if she were ill. （假）4)wish 从句 I wish I had been there. ( wish + 从句 要虚拟 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)对比：I wish you a happy new year. （wish + sb + sth） 与虚拟无关 I wish to see you there. ( wish + to do) 与虚拟无关5） would rather/would sooner/ had better + 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)Do you mind if I smoke? - Yes, I do (mind). 或 - Id rather you didnt对比：I would rather sing than dance. （would rather 直接+ do） 提示：would rather/would sooner/ had better + 从句 = wish + 从句Id rather you didnt = I wish you didnt (smoke)6) If only + 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态) If only I were a bird.提示：if only + 从句 = wish + 从句 If only I were a bird. = I wish I were a bird7) Its (about/ high/just/ right) time + 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)Its time he left. c.f. its time for him to leave.一缓和语气类 (虚拟手段：从句里省should)1. 表示把意愿说给别人听的动词（以下分类的依据是口气强硬度不同），后面+ 从句 （should ） docommand order demandinsist maintain (= keep suggesting/ requiring) + 从句 （should ） dorequest, require, ask, desiresuggest, advise, proposee.g. I suggest that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.2. 由上述动词变成的名词，后面+ 从句 （should ） doe.g. My suggestion is that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.3. 由上述动词变成的形容词以及由此引申的形容词，后面+ 从句 （should ） doe.g. its advisable that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible. Its natural, necessary, essential, imperative, important, vital, crucial, natural, decisive,significant, insistent, desirable, advisable. that .e.g. What is vital is that he (should) be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.