英语语法之非谓语动词1讲解_练习.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流英语语法之非谓语动词1讲解_练习.精品文档.非谓语动词 构成：（to）+动词原形 动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化） 分词 用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）动词不定式一、 动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。二、 动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do., Why don't you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。5. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。（三）过去分词1.作定语单个过去分词作定语一般置于所修饰名词前，短语则放在所修饰词后。Eg: the retired scientist People trapped in the lift若所修饰词由some/any/no+nothing/body/one及these,those等时放其后Eg: Is there anything unsolved。2.作表语表示主语的心理感受或所处状态Eg: Dont touch the glass because it is broken. She is quite pleased with the design of the dress.作表语与被动语态的区别Eg: The glass is broken. It was broken by my sister.过去分词和现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词表主语性质，主语多为物，过去分词表主语心理感受或状态，主语多为人Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.The news is very surprising.3.作补足语在make, have , get, find, keep, leave,see ,hear,make, 及with 等可接宾补的动词后，接过去分词表被动或完成。Eg: I found a dog killed on the road. He left his work un finished. With the homework finished, he was allowed to watch the football match.have sb/ sth done 宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的被动关系，译：让某人、某事被做。 1) 强调主语的意志，让别人做某事 Eg: He had his hair cut yesterday. 2）主语遭遇不幸或陷入恶劣环境He had his leg broken in the match last week.He had his eye lost in the war. 4.作状语和现在分词作状语一样，过去分词作状语可表示时间，原因，条件，让步，方式，或伴随等，这类句子可置于句子前或后面，有时置于中间。Eg: Born at the turn of the century, he became a famous scientist later. 表时间 Moved by what she said, we couldnt help crying. 表原因 Given more time, we could do the work better. 表条件 Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. 表让步 Armed with knives, the peasants rushed into the house. 表方式 The teacher came into the lab, followed by several students. 表伴随注：和现在分词作状语一样，其逻辑主语和主句主语相一致。 When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent. 若不一致须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。非谓语动词练习题 1. Im thirsty. Will you get me something _? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating2. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. of having C. have D. had3. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time. A. plays B. to play C. play D. played4. -Do you often hear John _ in his room? -Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room. A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing5. Why not _? A. let him to go home B. to let him go home C. let him go home D. to let him to go home6. They were made _ fourteen hours a day. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work7. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them? A. making B. make C. to make D. made8. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday. A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out9. When you leave, dont forget _ off the light. A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned10. Who do you think youd like _? A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat12. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday? -This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done13. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning. A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with14. John asked David how _ Christmas. A. celebrating B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebrate15. We all considered Mr Zhao _ teacher. A. be the best B. to be the best C. being best D. being the best16. Its very kind _ you to _ me _ the heavy bag. A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry