实验10路由器OSPF动态路由配置.doc
Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date实验10路由器OSPF动态路由配置实验10路由器OSPF动态路由配置一、实验目标· 掌握OSPF协议的配置方法；· 掌握查看通过动态路由协议OSPF学习产生的路由；· 熟悉广域网线缆的连接方式；二、实验背景假设某公司通过一台三层交换机连到公司出口路由器上，路由器再和公司外的另一台路由器连接。现要做适当配置，实现公司内部主机与公司外部主机之间的相互通信。为了简化网管的管理维护工作，公司决定采用OSPF协议实现互通。三、技术原理OSPF开放式最短路径优先协议，是目前网络中应用最广泛的路由协议之一。属于内部网关路由协议，能够适应各种规模的网络环境，是典型的链路状态协议。OSPF路由协议通过向全网扩散设备的链路状态信息，使网络中每台设备最终同步一个具有全网链路状态的数据库，然后路由器采用SPF算法，以自己为根，计算到达其他网络的最短路径，最终形成全网路由信息。四、实验步骤实验拓扑1、在三层交换机上划分VLAN10和VLAN20，其中VLAN10用于连接校园网主机，VLAN20用于连接R1；2、路由器之间通过V.35电缆通过串口连接，DCE端连接在R1上，配置其时间频率为64000；3、主机和交换机通过直连线连接，主机与路由器通过交叉线连接；4、在S3560上配置OSPF路由协议；5、在路由器R1、R2上配置OSPF路由协议；6、将PC1、PC2主机默认网关分别设置为与直连网络设备接口IP地址；7、验证PC1、PC2主机之间可以互相通信；S3560:Switch>enSwitch#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Switch(config)#hostname S3560S3560(config)#vlan 10S3560(config-vlan)#exitS3560(config)#vlan 20S3560(config-vlan)#exitS3560(config)#interface fa0/10S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10S3560(config-if)#exitS3560(config)#interface fa0/20S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20S3560(config-if)#exitS3560(config)#interface vlan 10S3560(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to upS3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0S3560(config-if)#exitS3560(config)#interface vlan 20%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to upS3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0S3560(config-if)#exitS3560(config)#router ospf ? <1-65535> Process IDS3560(config)#router ospf 1S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 ? A.B.C.D OSPF wild card bitsS3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 ? area Set the OSPF area IDS3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area ? <0-4294967295> OSPF area ID as a decimal value A.B.C.D OSPF area ID in IP address formatS3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0S3560(config-router)#endS3560#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleS3560#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20S3560#00:10:01: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.4.1 on Vlan20 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneS3560#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10O 192.168.2.0/24 110/783 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:00, Vlan20C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20O 192.168.4.0/24 110/782 via 192.168.3.2, 00:01:40, Vlan20S3560#R1:Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#hostname R1R1(config)#interface fa0/0R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#interface serial 2/0R1(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to downR1(config-if)#clock rate 64000R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#router ospf 1R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R1(config-router)#00:09:57: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.3.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR1(config-router)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setO 192.168.1.0/24 110/2 via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0R1#%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up00:12:53: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.4.2 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setO 192.168.1.0/24 110/2 via 192.168.3.1, 00:02:58, FastEthernet0/0O 192.168.2.0/24 110/782 via 192.168.4.2, 00:00:02, Serial2/0C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0R1#R2:Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#hostname R2R2(config)#interface fa0/0R2(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#interface serial 2/0R2(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#router ospf 1R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R2(config-router)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0R2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setO 192.168.1.0/24 110/783 via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:01, Serial2/0C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0O 192.168.3.0/24 110/782 via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:01, Serial2/0C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0R2#五、测试Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0PC>ipconfigIP Address.: 192.168.1.2Subnet Mask.: 255.255.255.0Default Gateway.: 192.168.1.1PC>ping 192.168.2.2Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=125Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=125Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 11ms, Maximum = 15ms, Average = 13msPC>额外补充的资料：单区域OSPF命令：R1(config)#router ospf 1 /启动OSPF进程R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 /配置路由器IDR1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 /通告直连网络R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 /通告直连网络说明：网络地址的后面即可以跟通配符掩码，在高版本IOS中也可以跟网络掩码，IOS会自动转换成通配符掩码。R1(config)#router ospf 1R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R1(config-router)#network 172.16.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R2(config)#router ospf 1R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2R2(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R2(config-router)#network 172.16.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R2(config-router)#network 172.16.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R3(config)#router ospf 1R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3R3(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R3(config-router)#network 172.16.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R3(config-router)#network 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R4(config)#router ospf 1R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4R4(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R4(config-router)#network 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 0说明：1.OSPF路由进程ID的范围在1-65535之间，而且只有本地含义，不同路由器的路由进程ID可以不同。如果要想启 动OSPF路由进程，至少确保有一个接口是up的。同一台路由器上可以启动多个OSPF进程，但会消耗更多的CPU 和内存等资源。2.区域ID是0-4294967295的数，也可以是IP地址的格式A.B.C.D。当网络区域为0或0.0.0.0时称为主干区域。3.Router ID选择遵循如下顺序： 1>最优先的是在OSPF进程中使用“router-id”指定了RID； 2>如果没有在OSPF进程中指定RID，则选择IP地址最大的环回接口的IP地址为RID； 3>如果没有环回接口，则选择活动的IP地址最大的物理接口的IP地址为RID。 如果使用“secondary”配置IP地址时，该地址不起作用，即不参与RID竞选； 使用“router-id”后，应使用命令“clear ip ospf process”重置ospf进程，新配置的RID才能生效； 2、3步只有在下次重启路由器时才会生效，即后来加入大的IP地址也不能选举为RID直到路由器重启。4.Router ID重新选举规则： 1>使用“router-id”和“clear ip ospf process”命令； 2>重启路由器(不一定)。-
