语法填空的命题特点及解题技巧.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流语法填空的命题特点及解题技巧.精品文档.语法填空的命题特点及解题技巧一、命题特点语法填空同时具有单项选择和完形填空两种题型的特点。单项选择侧重考查学生对于基础知识的掌握程度, 特别是词汇和语法知识, 但它局限于考查词汇和语法知识在简单句子中的意义, 对学生语言知识实际运用能力的考查有限。和单项选择相比, 语法填空更侧重考查语言知识在具体篇章中的意义, 更加强调语言的交际功能。完形填空和语法填空一样, 考查语言知识在语篇语境中的运用过程。但是两种题型又有所不同。从考查的内容上来看, 完形填空仅侧重考查词汇在语篇、语境中的运用过程；语法填空则除侧重考查词汇外, 更侧重考查功能语法，即侧重于考查英语词汇在篇章中的交际功能。根据功能语法的解释, 任何语言成分的功能都是在与其他成分的“同现”中得到体现的。从题型的形式看, 完形填空给定的四个选项中必有一个供学生选择的正确选项；而语法填空只给出空缺, 没有选项, 要求学生根据语境和自身已有的语法与词汇知识来填空, 这对学生的语言知识的提取和运用提出了更高的要求。语法填空的设题形式大致可以分为纯空格形式考查题目和单词提示形式考查题目，据此，我们总结出如下的解题技巧，以供参考。二、解题技巧以2009年高考英语（广东卷）为例（保留原题号）。Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides，shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience： people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部)，hurrying ahead to get to a bargainJane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk,”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.” But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her fatherJane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes 37 sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please 38 .When Jane got home，with her small but wellchosen present in her bag, her parents were already 39 table having supper Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane 40 (inform). 纯空格形式考查题的解题技巧这种考查形式主要考查考生对语篇的理解和逻辑关系的把握情况，对习语和常见句式的掌握程度。其考查的词性主要是连词、冠词、介词、代词等。没有提示词，这就需要考生根据短文大意、上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析和理解等来确定填空处在句中的功能，界定其词性，进而确定它的意义，最后确定它的形式。1. 根据固定短语或句意解题根据固定短语或句意解题是完成语法填空题的重要方法。我们应该先根据句意推断出填空处的具体意思，然后再根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。这要求我们在学习的过程中注意对动词短语的归纳、比较和记忆，以及对非动词短语的积累。例如：37. on。考查介词。on sale意为 “折价销售； 减价出售”。39. at。考查介词。at table意为“在吃饭”。2. 根据上下文提示解题有时能根据填空处上下文中的某些关键词或词组推断出所要填的词。有的直接明了，一眼就能看出；有的暗含其中，需要仔细推理判断。例如：31. it。考查代词。这里的it在宾语从句中作形式主语，指代 to choose a suitable Christmas present .。 33. a。考查冠词。后面的中心词experience，在这里是可数名词，意为“经历，体验”。因此，前面需要用不定冠词a来修饰限定。38. him。考查代词。分析句子结构可知，该空格处需要一个代词作宾语，替代前文的her father，故用him。3. 根据语法分析长句的结构解题做语法填空题时，经常会碰到一些长难句，一个复合句中包含好几个从句。这时，我们首先要抓住句子的主干，然后再分析其他部分，这样解题的过程就被简化了。例如：Jane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on display.35. where。考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构，可知空格处后面是一个定语从句，先行词是counter，表示地点故用where来引导。 单词提示形式考查题的解题技巧空格后跟有英语单词提示，主要考查词性转换和实词词形变化。可以根据句子结构和填空处的语法功能，判断用所给词的何种词性等。词形变化主要涉及到动词、形容词、副词、名词等。1. 动词动词的变化是语法填空题的考查重点之一。首先应判断考查的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态和语气等；非谓语动词要考虑用ving, ved还是用动词不定式形式，同时还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态等问题。例如：32. to please。考查动词不定式的用法。固定结构“主语 + easy + to do sth.”。34. pushed。考查动词时态。or 是并列连词，连接两个对等的成分。根据前面的谓语动词stepped的提示，这里应该用push的过去式。40. was informed。考查被动语态。分析语境可知，这里说的是Jane被告知，因此，要用被动语态。2. 形容词和副词首先应当确定所填词的功能，是修饰名词还是修饰动词。若是修饰名词作定语一般用其形容词形式。若是修饰动词作状语则一般选用其副词形式。形容词或副词还要看是否有级的变化，用原级、比较级还是最高级。还有一点最容易忽略的是它们的词义，是肯定还是否定。3. 名词当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑该名词是可数还是不可数，是单数还是复数。例如：36. choice。考查构词法。分析句子结构可知，her之后需要一个名词中心语，根据语境这里要填choice。 广东 李佩文语法填空中的逻辑推理题及解题方法 语法填空中的逻辑推理题主要考查学生所学的语法知识在文章的逻辑关系表达和处理篇章结构中的运用。它包括两个方面的内容：一是处理文章的结构和语篇之间的逻辑关系；二是处理相邻句子或语篇之间的逻辑关系。做这类试题时要注意以下两点：一、 注意行文逻辑关系和语篇标志 有些试题不能通过某个句子直接得出答案，它需要考生进行语篇分析。语篇一般指较长的语言单位（如句群、段落、篇章等）。一般来说，语篇和语篇之间往往存在一定的逻辑联系，或者有起衔接作用的词语，如first, second, thirdly, finally, then, thus, therefore, so等等。如果弄清了文章的逻辑联系和语篇标志，那么答起题来就容易多了。 例一：First of all, he was a windowcleaner . Then he became a bus conductor and on his second day a passenger stole his bag with all the fares collected. He 1 lost his job as a postman 2 he sent off all the letters when he should have taken them to peoples house.分析：前面语篇标志First of all和Then分别提到“他”以前所做的工作，这是他的第三份工作。在已经丢了两份工作的情况下又丢了工作，这种情况体现在语篇中是递进关系，所以第1个空格处要填even。 例二：Nearly 6 million people go to Louvre Museum to see the Mona Lisa every year. Many are attracted by the mystery of her smile. “It is very interesting that when youre not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then you look at her and she stops,” said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University. “Its direct vision (视觉) is excellent in picking up detail, but less suited to looking at shadows. Da Vinci painted the smile in shadows.”分析：上文谈到一种有趣的现象，空格所在的部分用来解释产生这种现象的原因，因此填because。整个语篇结构紧凑，进展自然。二、 仔细分析相关句子的含义以及它们之间的逻辑关系通过句意判断相关句子间的逻辑关系往往是解题的关键。例如，例一中的第2题，前后两个分句在逻辑上是因果关系，后一分句是前一分句的原因，故填because。再如：例三：“ we must have these noisy trucks on the roads,” said Jean Lacey, a biology student. “Why dont they build a new road that goes round the town? Burlington isnt much more than a large village. Its streets were never meant for heavy traffic.”分析：从句意分析上看，we must have these noisy trucks on the roads 是Why dont they build a new road that goes round the town的条件，所以要填If。例四：He undressed and lay for a while on the bed, trying to read, 1 he found himself reading the same page over and over again. He 2 turned off the light and buried his head in the pillow. But even so he 3 shut off the noise. Finally, after what seemed hours, his patience gone.分析：在第1题中，前后两个分句在意义上存在转折关系，故填but。第2题：本句所描述的是后来发生的另一个事件，与前一句在时间上存在先后关系，故填then。第3题：从结构上看，此句与前一句存在转折关系，而couldnt所表达的意义正好符合这种关系。 广东 李 振