非谓语动词高考考点聚焦.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流非谓语动词高考考点聚焦.精品文档.非谓语动词高考考点聚焦一：非谓语动词包括：1. （表示 ） 2. （表示 ） 3 （表示 ）二：基本构成：to do一般式完成式进行式主动 被动 doing形式主动 被动 done 形式被动 三 解题思路：1. 分析句子结构，确定选项在句子中充当何种成分（定语，宾补，状语，表语等）。2. 找出该动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系，以及该动作的发生时间（已经完成、正在进行、即将发生）。3. 注意某些特殊句式结构的用法。四 基本用法：（一） 做主语 （能够做主语的是 _和_） 1. It is+ adj. / n. (for / of sb. ) to do sth e.g Its hard for us to finish the work in five days.Its really kind of you to give us a hand. 2. It is no use（no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time） + doing sth. There is no point ( use, sense, good) + doing sth.（二） 做表语 （能够做表语的是： ）1. 分词作表语时相当于形容词，常用的这类动词是关于“喜怒哀乐惊”等。2. 注意区分被动语态和V-ed做表语的情况：e.g The cup is broken. （ ）The cup was broken by Harry. （ ）这些系动词和连系动词后面可以跟非谓语动词形式做表语：be, look, smell, taste, sound , feel, keep, stay , remain, get,e.g (1). Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. ( 2009四川卷)A seated B seating C to seat D seat(2). In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (2010福建卷) A sticking B stuck C to be stuck D to have stuck (三) 做宾语 （能够做宾语的是 _ 和 _）注意区分下列三类动词用法：1. want , would like , would prefer , ask , demand , intend, desire ，wish , hope ,expect agree ,decide , manage , plan , promise happen ,learn , fail , pretend , refuse , afford2. feel like, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, excuse, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, keep, miss, practise, suggest3. remember/forget to do sth. ; remember/forget doing sth; try to do sth., try doing sth.mean to do sth. , mean doing.; cant help to do sth., cant help doing sth; go on to do sth., go on doing sth.; stop to do , stop doing4. need , want, require + _/ _ be worth +_5. do nothing but do sth ; have no choice but to do sth总结：不定式除可用在except, but, besides等介词后作宾语之外，一般不用作介词宾语。此时，不定式能否省略to，取决于其前是否有行为动词do的形式。有则省略，无则不能省略。（四）做定语 （三种形式均可以做定语）位置名词前（前置定语）动名词和分词名词后（后置定语）分词和不定式1. 动名词只能作前置定语，表示用途，不用考虑主被动。a reading room ,2. 分词做前置定语（通常是单个分词），考虑与其逻辑主语的主被动关系。现在分词表示主动, 正在进行；不及物动词的过去分词只表完成；及物动词的过去分词既表完成又表被动。 boiled water , boiling water; a finished project3. 分词短语和to do做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 分词做后置定语时，首先考虑所填动词与其逻辑主语的主被动关系，然后考虑动词所发生的时间。having done/ having been done形式只能在句中做状语；不定式作后置定语表示将要发生的动作。e.g Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _(borrow) from the library. His first book _ (publish) next month is based on a true story. (2010陕西卷)There are only five minutes _。(leave/go).The government plans to bring in new laws _（force）parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. (2009 江西卷)4. 特殊用法：（1） 当名词被序数词、最高级或the only 等词修饰时，其后常用to do做后置定语。（2） 用来修饰的词是下列抽象名词时，常用to do 做后置定语：ability, chance, idea, attempt, belief等（3） 当名词是message, letter, news, notice, book , report , sign等时，其后常用say, read 的V-ing做后置定语，表示“主语显示什么内容”的含义。（4） to do主动形式表示被动意义的用法： There be + n + to do . sb / sth + be + adj + to do . 主语 + Vt + 宾语 + to do . 主语 + Vt + 宾语 + to be done . That / This + be + n + to do . 主语+ Vt + 宾语 + adj + to do .（五）做宾语补足语（能够做宾补的有： ）1.感官动词see, look at, watch, find; notice; observe; hear; listen to, feel等后2. have, get, make，let, leave等使役动词后 “have + 宾语 + V-ed” ：表示 表示3. 用在with复合结构中，不定式表示尚未发生的将来动作，现在分词表示主动关系，正在进行，过去分词表示被动关系，完成。e.g The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. (2010山东卷) A laid B laying C to lay D being laid4. sb seems / appears / happenes+ to do的五种形式=sb be said/ believed / known / reported / considered+ to do的五种形式 =（六）做状语（能够做状语的有： ）不定式作状语通常表示目的（置于句首和句中）、原因（置于句中）、结果（置于句中）；分词作状语可表示原因、时间、条件、方式、伴随状态、让步等,但都可以转化成状语从句。1. 模式：1. “_，主句” 该模式只有表目的时用不定式，其他一律用分词。 2. “主句 , _” 该模式只有表意外的结果时用不定式，表自然而然的结果用V-ing。e.g _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.(2010天津卷)A Completing B Having completed C To have completed D To complete There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(江西卷)A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered He hurried to the station , (only) _(tell) the train had gone. The news shocked the public, _ to great concern about students safety at school.(2010重庆卷) A having led B led C leading D to lead2. _ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(2010陕西卷) A Seen B Seeing C Having seen D To see _ the city centre, we saw a statue of about 10 metres in height. (2010上海卷) A Approaching B Approached C To approach D To be approached The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains. (2010江西卷) A keep B kept C keeping D to keep Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (2010湖南卷) A struggling B struggled C having struggled D to struggle总结：3. _ and short of breath, Andy and Buby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(2009浙江卷) A To be tired B Tired C Tiring D Being tired 总结： 形容词(过去分词)做伴随状语。注意分析“形容词或形容词短语在句中做状语”的情况，表示对主语的状态等情况进行说明，在句中位置灵活。是高考考查重点和难点。4. 三种非谓语动词形式的复合结构分别为:5. 独立主格结构： 名词或代词 + doing / done / to do / adj / adv / 介词短语等 If weather permits, we are going to visit you tomorrow. = 6 状语从句的省略：在时间、条件、原因、让步等状语从句中，如果主从句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，则可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略,形成“连词(when/if/unless ) + _”的形式。 Though _ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全国卷二)Asurprising B was surprised C surprised D being surprised The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercises, if _ regularly, can improve our health.(2010浙江卷)A being carried out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out