英语单词复数形式的规律.doc
【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流英语单词复数形式的规律.精品文档.英语单词复数形式的规律1 一般情况下,直接加-s,如: books, bags, cats, bed-beds, apples, oranges, bananas, pears, pineapples, 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:peach-peaches, bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches, busbuses, quizquizes, foxfoxes, matchmatches, flashflashes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries, candycandies, ladyladies, storystories4.以“元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y”结尾,直接加-s,如:boy-boys, toytoys, two Marys, monkeymonkeys, holidayholidays, storeystoreys.5以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives lifelives; leafleaves, half-halves, wife-wives,thief-thieves;roof-roofs, belief-beliefs, handkerchief-handkerchiefs / handkerchieves6.少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photophotos, pianopianos, radioradios, zoozoos,一般以O结尾的名词,+es,如tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes, negronegroes ;heroheroes少数+s或+es均可,volcanovolcanoes/volcanos, mango mangos/mangoes,zero-zeros / zeroes7不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice,child-children,oxoxen 8 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如: people、 police、 cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle。the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:The Chinese are industries and brave.9 不同国家的人的单复数(注:中日不变英法变,其余S加后面)名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人 the Americans an American two Americans印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes10以s结尾,仍为单数的名词*.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。*news 是不可数名词“新闻”。* the United States,the United Nations等专有名词 应视为单数。 例:The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。* 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例:"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。11复数形式表示特别意思的名词goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼, 这样的词还有:glass 玻璃 - glasses 眼镜stone 石头 - a stone 一块石头time 时间 - two times 两次wood 木头 - woods 树林clothes 衣服 - cloth布sand沙子- sands 沙滩12 复合名词的复数形式(名词+名词)*通常只变后面的名词为复数,如boy studentboy students,shoe shopshoe shops*但当前面的名词是man和woman时,两个词都变为复数,man teachermen teachersman doctor-men doctorswoman doctorwomen doctors*一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将中心词变为复数daughter-in-law儿媳妇daughters-in-lawhalf brotherhalf brothers(同父异母或同母异父兄弟)grown upgrown ups(成年人)*“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式例:She is a five-year-old girl 她是一个五岁女孩。a ten-story-high building 一幢十层高的楼房13 部分单词的复数形式不变。fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer;,works(工厂)14把“oo”改为“ee”的复数形式。如:foot-feet, tooth-teeth,goose-geese, 15.不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of ricetwo bags of rice, a piece of paperthree pieces of paper, a bottle of milkfive bottles of milk.*物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:*同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。food 食物- foods 各种食物time 时间 - times 时代green 绿色 -greens 青菜*有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物hope -hopes 希望hardship - hardships 艰苦*物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示a cup of tea;seven pieces of bread;several bags of rice(九)可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词差异可数名词前应用many, few, a few, a lot of 来修饰不可数名词前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some来修饰