英语单词的构成有一定的规律.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流英语单词的构成有一定的规律.精品文档.英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这些规律叫构词法。主要有四种：合成、转化、派生和缩略。常见的是前三种。合成 由两个或两个以上的词合成为一个词:Classroom，newspaper blackboard Schoolmate，newly-born hard-workingpolice+man=policeman play+ground=playground birth+day=birthday after+noon=afternoon hand+bag=handbag every+where=everywhere bed+room=bedroom no+where=nowhere hand+writing=handwriting any+where=anywhere grand+parent=grandparent how+ever=however what+ever=whatever 转化 由一词类转化为另一词类：动词walk、 talk、  look、 swim etc.在短语have a walk 、  have a talk、 have a look、   have a swim etc中 则转化为名词；形容词cool 、warm、 clean、etc可以转化为动词意为：使凉快、使温暖、打扫等。2高中阶段主要构词方法归纳：派生法和合成法（1）派生法常用前缀表“否定” un- unfair unable unlikely, in/im- impossible impossible incapable, dis- discover disagree dislike dishonest表“重复” re- rewrite retell repeat reconsider常用后缀名词后缀 -er/ or/-tion/ -ese/ -ist/ -ing/ -ment/ -ness/ -ian “动作的执行者”名如：teacher visitor inventor organization congratulation inventionChinese Japanese pianist scientist violinist living greeting weddingmovement treatment happiness illness sickness carelessness动词后缀 ify/-ice/-ise/-en 使变 beautify/realize/ organize/sacrificelengthen strengthen形容词后缀 able/-ful/-y/-ive/-al/-ansuitable comfortable movable beautiful careful usefulsunny, windy, cloudy, snowy, sleepy, salty active, instructivemusical medical physical American European Australian-ly 副词后缀 carefully really certainly数词后缀 -teen 表“十三至十九” fourteen fifteen nineteen-ty 表“二十、三十七十” forty sixty eighty-th 表“第几” fourth sixtieth ninth