大学英语四级考试短文写作讲解解读.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date大学英语四级考试短文写作讲解解读大学英语四级考试短文写作大学英语四级考试短文写作四项基本技能：听、说、读、写传统上：听和说、读和写现在的新视角：听和读（input）、说和写(output)一 四级英语评分标准120个词：（10句话）：每一段写34句话，写3个自然段出题方式：命题作文、看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章（中文或英文）写出文章概要或大意，给出关键词作文等。二 四级作文题型（一） 正反阐释题2000年6月Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。2. 也有人持不同意见，。3. 我的看法和打算99年6月； 98年6月 97年6月； 96年6月；95年1月；05年12月； 06年12月（二） 阐释原因、描述危害题00年1月；99年1月；97年12月；01年1月（三） 永恒话题 97年1月（四） 写一封信 01年6月；02年1月；03年6月（见证书）；04年1月；04年6月；05年1月；05年6月三 四级作文评分原则CET作文采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores）,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。1 第一段要推敲第二段看有没有主题句，第一句就写主题句第三段总结看作文就是看两点：第一看组织结构，第二看语言表达2检查五个方面的语言错误：1）检查三个一致问题：主谓一致，时态一致，单复数一致4）检查拼写错误3格式有2种：（1）每一段缩进去4个字母，每一段之间不空行（传统格式）（2）每一段顶格写，每一段之间空一行（流行格式）4评分标准：11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。字数不足酌情扣分。注：只写一段者：04分；只写两段者：09分（按规定三段的作文）提供三点提纲的作文建议：无论提纲是几点，都要写到三段或四段经原国家教委批准，四、六级考试已从1997年6月份起采用“作文最低分”制计算成绩，其中足见国家对提高大学英语写作能力的重视程度。按规定，考生作文若为0分，无论其总分是否高于60分，均作不及格处理；若其作文分高于0分，低于6分，报成绩时，需从总分中减去6分，再加上实得作文分。也就是说，要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。四 四级英语作文范文 （一）正反阐释题1 Should Firecrackers Be Banned?2 Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? （二）阐释原因、描述危害题提纲变主题句的技巧：1）如为疑问句，一定要变为陈述句；（提纲必须是陈述句）2）如果是短语，要变为句子。3 Dont Hesitate to Say No (99年1月)4 My View on Fake Commodities (98年1月) 1）学会将两点提纲变为三点 2）写危害两个层面： A. 对国家/政府/社会的危害 B. 对普通百姓的危害(三) 永恒话题5 Haste Makes Waste （97年1月6级）6. Practice Makes Perfect (97年1月)总结（三种写法）：1 完全把握提纲：三点提纲变成主题句2 写社会现象往往缺少引言段（描述现象）3 写成语、格言这样的文章一般缺少总结段 （四）再推荐一种模式有时按照提纲完全打不开思路：A 第一段：写现象（提出问题）B 第二段：写原因（分析问题）C 第三段：写建议（解决问题）7Brain Drain8. Fire Accidents in Big Cities（五）图表作文图表作文三段的写法：1） 第一段写图表的总的感觉，说明图表在讲一种什么社会现象。（对数据点到为止）2） 第二段写出现这些现象的原因3） 第三段有三种写法： A. 如果图表反映的是坏现象：建议采取什么措施 (点到为止)； B. 如果图表反映的是好现象：展望未来； C. 如果图表反映的是非好非坏的现象：发表自己的议论。9Film Is Giving Way to TV （1992年1月）Directions:(1) 电影观众越来越少(2) 电视观众越来越多，因为(3) 然而，还是有人喜欢看电影，因为Quote as few figures as possible. Remember to write your composition in readable handwriting.10. Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (1991年6月)Suggested title: Car Accidents Declining in Walton City(1) Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;(2) Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;(3) Your predictions of what will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.五 主题句练习 1. 确定以下主题句是否恰当。 Eg.1: Baseball is a popular sport in the United States. There are two teams of nine players each. Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out. The batter hits the ball and then tries to run around the bases and get “home” safely. The other team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there or by tagging the batter with the ball. The batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to make it “home”. Eg.2: Even thought the procedures followed to enroll in an American university vary according to each university, some steps are the same. First, you should contact the registration office of the university you want to attend to get the necessary forms and information concerning that particular universitys entrance requirements. Then you must follow the steps outlined in their response. You will probably have to send copies of your high school diploma, get letters of recommendation, and write an essay on why you want to study there. You may have to achieve a certain score on the TOEFL test and have your scores forwarded to the university. Finally, you will have to contact the American embassy to start the procedures to obtain a student visa. Eg. 3: I like to go to the beach whenever I have the opportunity. I start the day by enjoying a refreshing swim. Then I walk along the beach and collect shells. Later youll find me relaxing in the warm sunshine and making sand castles. Then I sleep for a while before I open the basket of food and drinks that I always pack to take. Eg. 4: Many students cannot afford a car. The city bus service usually passes the university, so those students can get to class on the bus. Many universities have a special shuttle bus that is provided for student transportation. Some students like to ride to class on bicycles. This is good exercise. Also, it is easier to find a space to leave a bicycle than to find a parking space for a can on a crowded university campus. Those students who live close to campus or on campus can enjoy a leisurely walk to their classes.2. 写出相应的主题句。 1_. The white pages of an American telephone book give the phone numbers of residences. The blue pages contain the numbers of government offices, and the yellow pages have advertisements and business numbers. There are maps as well as indexes at the back of the book. The telephone books of larger cities ma provide separate books for different sections of the city, while those of small towns may have room to include the numbers from several towns all in one book. 2. _. First, the fast-food restaurant is good for people who must have a quick bite because of a busy schedule. Second, the food is inexpensive yet tasty. A person can eat an enjoyable meal out and stay within a limited budget. Finally, the food is usually consistent. For example, a cheeseburger from a well-known fast-food restaurant looks and tastes about the same no matter where in the world it is purchased. Consequently, buyers know exactly what they are getting.3. 选出不支撑主题句的例子。1）Ways to get rid of hiccups A. breathe into a paper bag B. hold your breath to the count of 10 C. have someone frighten you D. make an appointment with your doctor2) Steps for planning a trip A. purchasing a map B. working late C. making an itinerary D. reserving a ticket3) Reasons for car accidents A. fast driving B. drinking and driving C. not following traffic regulations D. giving signals4) Advantages off small apartments A. good school facilities B. easy to clean C. cheaper to furnish D. relatively inexpensive5) Characteristics of a good restaurant A. efficient waiters B. tasty food C. jacket and tie required D. pleasant atmosphere六找出下面段落中不支撑主题句的那句话。1Working at a part-time job while studying at a university has many advantages. If students can get a job in their area of study, they are gaining valuable experience and putting their knowledge to use immediately. The extra money they can earn will be useful for meeting tuition fees and enjoying university activities. Also, they will have the personal satisfaction of having contributed to their own education. Students who need extra money can hold down a full-time temporary job during their summer vacation.2. Hobbies are important for many reasons. First, a hobby can be educational. For example, if the hobby is stamp collecting, the person can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history. Second, engaging in the hobby can lead to meeting other people with the same interests. A person can also meet other people by going to parties. Third, a persons free time is being used in a positive way. The person has no time to be bored or get into mischief while engaged in the hobby. Finally, some hobbies can lead to a future job. A person who enjoys a hobby-related job is more satisfied with life.3. There are several features of spoken English that make it difficult for me to understand. First, many words are not pronounced as they are spelled, so when I learn new words through reading, I sometimes dont understand them when they are spoken. Second, native speakers contract words and phrases. “What are you doing?” becomes “Whatcha doin?” In my opinion, people should write clearly. Third, native speakers have a wide range of accents. A British accent is very different from a Texas one. Fourth, there are lots of idioms and slang expressions. These expressions also differ depending on the area a speaker is from. Finally, there are sounds that dont exist in my language but do exist in English and vice versa. These sounds are difficult for me to distinguish.-