小升初语法名词.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date小升初语法名词小升初语法名词一、 名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es， 如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加s，如：boy - boys ，day - days4. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5. 以o结尾的单词： 有生命的+es , 无生命+s 如：potato-potatoes ； hero-heroes；mango-mangoes photo-photos ; radio - radios ; video - videos6. 不规则名词复数：-man-men woman-women policeman-policemenmouse-mice child-children foot-feettooth-teeth 单复数同形 fish-fish people-people Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese deer deer sheep-sheep二、名词所有格的构成法（谁的什么东西） 1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如: This is Toms desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mikes book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如:the teachers reading room 教师（的）阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上s 。如： the childrens palace 少年宫 mens room 男厕所 *名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s前面加一撇，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。名词练习题一、 写出下列名词的复数形式puter _ 2.apple _ 3.city _4.house_ 5.sheep_ 6.watch _7.tomato _ 8.child _ 9.tooth _10.foot _ 11.wife_ 12.potato _13.play _ 14.day _ 15.glass _16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18. life _19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _22.dress _ 23.butterfly _ 24. deer _25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _28. English _29.mouse _ 30. man _二、汉译英1Tom的足球 _ 2. 老师们的自行车_3学生们的课桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒_5姑姑的卡片 _ 6.猴子们的香蕉_7蚂蚁们的早餐 _ 8.妈妈的包_9姐姐的连衣裙_ 10女孩们的苹果_三、把下列句子翻译成英文1这些是Peter的篮球吗？ _2这个是老师的钢笔吗？ _3有一些书在Sam的课桌上。_4有一些孩子们在教室里。_四、改错 （圈出错处,在横线上改正过来）1.There are some butterflys on the table. _2.This is Alice dress. _3.I like tomato very much. _五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown._2. There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._ 能力测试卷 （名词）一、 将下列名词变成复数形式。1. plane tree lesson month apple shirt 2. box bus brush watch class fox 3. knife life leaf Wife thief 4. day boy monkey baby country story 5. photo radio piano tomato hero 6. child tooth man sheep English Chinese 二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ ”1The house is my brother. _2. He has visited many country. _3. They are Englishs. _4. This is Tom red bike. _三、选择填空1There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman2.The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth3. _ are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. Johns B. John 5. Can you give me _?A. some papers B. a piece of paper6.There are _ on the floor.A. some box B. some boxes四、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This sheep is white _2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._3.That man is a doctor. _二、冠词 冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。She is a teacher. Thats an orange. 2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。This is a bus. The bus is big.3. 不用冠词的情况：1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如， Chinese, English, Jim等。2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如， at home 在家 go to school 去上学*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time6) _red apple 7)_ English book 8) _ spoon 9)_ orange 10) _melon 11) _ eraser二、选择填空1.There is _ “m” in the word “primary”A. an B.a C.the D./2.This is _ orange bike .A.a B.an C.the D/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper .A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world .A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening .A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit .A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come .A.The B.a C.the D./9.Do you see _ book on _ table ?A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine .A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm .A.a B.an C.the D./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 .A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 小升初语法之疑问句疑问句是用来提出问题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。一、一般疑问句：1.一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no来回答。2.一般疑问句的基本结构：be动词（am, is, are）+主语+表语？情态动词（can, may, must）+主语+行为动词（或be）?助动词(do, does)+主语+行为动词？助动词（shall, will, have, has）+主语+行为动词（或be）?3.变一般疑问句的方法：（一调，二变，三问号）Be动词型一般疑问句：原句问句回答I am a girl.Are you a girl ?Yes,I am / No, Im notShe is my friend.Is she your friend ?Yes, she is / No, she isntHe is a student.Is he a student ?Yes, he is / No, he isntWe are home.Are you home ?Yes, we are / No, we arentThis is my book.Is this your book ?Yes, it is / No, it isntThey are good friends.Are they your good friends ?Yes, they are / No, they arent情态动词型一般疑问句：原句问句回答I can draw.Can you draw ?Yes,I can / No, I cant.She can swim.Can she swim ?Yes, she can / No, she cantHe can ride a bike.Can he ride a bike ?Yes, he can / No, he cantWe will get there.Will you get here ?Yes, we will / No, we wontIt can talk.Can it talk ?Yes, it can / No , it cant助动词型一般疑问句：原句问句回答I like swimming.Do you like swimming ?Yes,I do / No, I dontShe dances well.Does she dance well ?Yes, she does/No,she doesntHe has a sister.Does he have a sister ?Yes, he does / No, he doesntWe cook dinner.Do you cook dinner?Yes, we do / No, we dontIt works well.Does it work ?Yes, it does / No, it doesntThey become good friendsDo they become good friends?Yes, they do / No, they dont其它在句中要变换的词有someany, amare二、特殊疑问句：以疑问代词what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑问副词when, where, how, why 放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来回答，不用yes 或no。1.疑问词 + 一般疑问句 （疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语）。What do you want? 你要什么？When do you have English class? 你们什么时候有英语课？Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣？How did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？Why did you say this? 你为什么要这么说？Which is your umbrella? 哪个是你的雨伞？Where were these buses made? 这些巴士是哪儿制造的？2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时，词序与陈述句相同：疑问代词 （+名词）+谓语。Who teaches your brother Japanese? 谁教你弟弟日语？What is in the box on the table? 桌上那个盒子里装的是什么？Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班里谁的书法最好？*疑问代词：who: 主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示“人”的各种成分。 whose: 用来提问“谁的”。 which: 用来提问“哪一个/位”。 what: 提问表示“干什么”等意思*疑问副词：when: 提问在何时。 where: 提问在何地 why: 提问表示原因的短语或句子 how: 提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语*由疑问词how 构成的短语引导的问句how old (表示年龄)多大了, how long（表示时间或物体的长短）有多长 , how many + 复数名词 表示多少 , how much + 不可数名词 表示多少 , how far （表示距离）多远疑问句专项练习按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。1. Its a large room.(改为复数形式)_ _ large rooms.2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.(改为否定句)He _ _ to buy a dictionary for his daughter.3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改为否定句)Uncle Wang _ _ making things.4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改写为一般疑问句)_ Ann _ the book to the library yesterday?.5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就划线部分提问) _ _ is the hospital ?6.There are fifty-two students in our class. (就划线部分提问)_ _ students are there in your class?7.I write to my mother once a week. (就划线部分提问)_ _ do you write to your mother ?8.He has three pens. (就划线部分提问)_ _ pens does he have ?9.She is ten years old. (就划线部分提问) _ _ is she?10. They have a class meeting every other week. (改为否定句) They _ _ a class meeting every other week.11.She has dinner with her grandparents once a week.（改为一般疑问句） _ she _ dinner with her grandparents once a week?12.This kind of cold comes and goes very quickly.（改为一般疑问句） _ this kind of cold _ and _ very quickly?13.He spent a whole morning cleaning the room.（就划线部分提问） _ _ _ he _ cleaning the room.14. My brother has lunch at the school every day.（改为一般疑问句） _ your brother _ lunch at the school every day? 15.Put the book on the desk.（否定句）_ _ the book on the desk.16.His bike was bought yesterday. （就划线部分提问）_ _ was bought yesterday?17.She does morning exercises every day. (否定句)She _ _ morning exercises every day.18.My mother is very well.( 就划线部分提问) _ is your mother?19.She has to stay at home.(改为一般疑问句)_ she _ to stay at home.20.Tom has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句)