邓鑫-高中英语重点词语辨析.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流邓鑫-高中英语重点词语辨析.精品文档.高中英語重點詞語辨析900例一、動詞1accuse / chargeaccuse 和charge都有“指責，控告”之意，有時可通用，但結構不一樣。accuse不一定針對重大過失或罪行，其結構為accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用於重大過失或罪行，其結構為charge sb with sth，此結構還有“使某人負有責任”之意。例如：例1：My father accused me of my being too careless. （父親責備我太粗心。）例2：He accused me of neglecting my duty. （他指控我怠忽職守。）例3：He charged me with neglecting my duty. （同上）例4：Jimmy was charged with murder. （吉米被控謀殺。）例5：He was charged with an important task. （他擔負有一項重要任務。）2add / add to / add up / add up toadd：增加，把加上。addto：把加到。例如：例6：At the end of the party, we added another program.例7：You neednt add any water to the medicine.add to：增添。指增添喜悅、悲傷、麻煩等。例如：例8：His coming added to our trouble. （他的到來給我們添了麻煩。）add up：加起來。例如：例9：Have you added up all the numbers?add up to：總計。表示加起來的結果，無被動結構。例如：例10：All the numbers added up to 100.3advise / suggestadvise：建議，勸說。例如：例11：I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)例12：I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虛擬語氣。)例13：I advised him to give up smoking. 例14：I advised him not to smoke. 例15：Could you advise us on how to learn English? 例16：Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?suggest：建議，表明，暗示。例如：例17：We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise) 例18：We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虛擬語氣。）例19：His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. （他那蒼白的臉色表明他身體欠佳。） 4agree with / agree to / agree on agree with：同意，贊成（後接“人”或what從句作賓語）；適合，適應；一致。例如： 例20：I dont quite agree with you.例21：Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.例22：The weather here doesnt agree with most of us. （這裏的天氣我們多數人不適應。）例23：Your words do not agree with your actions. （你的言行不一。）agree to：同意，贊成。指一方同意另一方的意見、建議、觀點、想法等。例如：例24：John cant agree to Joes idea.agree on：對達成共識。指雙方或多方對某事取得一致意見。例如：例25：Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.5allow / permit / let / promiseallow：允許，許可。指聽任或默許，也可用來表示客氣的請求。例如：例26：Who allowed you to leave the camp？例27：Smoking is not allowed here. 例28：Please allow me to introduce myself to you. permit：允許，許可。通常指正式的許可。例如：例29：He declared that he would permit me to do so. allow 和 permit 的含義雖然有所差別，但實際運用中兩者常通用。 let：允許，讓。其後的賓語補足語應是不帶to的不定式。一般不用於被動語態。例如：例30：Dont let this happen again. 例31：This is not allowed to happen again. （不說：This is not let to happen again.）promise：答應，允諾。用於主動答應自己要做什麼的場合。例如：例32：They promised an immediate reply.例33：He promised to start at once. 例34：I promised him to see to the matter right away. (我答應他馬上處理這件事。不定式to see to 是主語I發出的。)6announce / declareannounce：宣佈，宣告。常指首次公開或正式宣佈人們關心的某件事情。例如：例35：The government announced that the danger was past. 例36：It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing. 另外，要表達“向某人宣佈某事”，應用announce to sb sth。後接to sb的動詞還有say，explain等。例如：例37：He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”（他向我們宣佈了這個消息，然後對我們說：“現在讓我詳細給你們解釋吧。”）declare：宣佈，聲明。指以正式的話語公開宣佈某件事。例如：例38：The chairman declared the exhibition open. （主席宣佈展覽會開幕。） 7answer / replyanswer：回答，回應。例如：例39：“Tom!” No one answered.例40：Please answer the door-bell. （請去開門。）例41：He answered that he knew nothing about it例42：No one was able to answer him a wordreply：回答，答復。作不及物動詞時，後需接to再接賓語；作及物動詞時，後直接接that從句或what從句，或用於倒裝句。例如：例43：He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”例44：He replied that he would not go例45：Not a word did she reply（她一句話也不應。）answer當名詞用時，與reply一樣，要接to。例如：例46：He made no answer / reply to his questions.8appear / look / seem appear：顯得，好像。有時含有表面上顯得，而事實未必的意味。例如：例47：This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.（這種蘋果看起來好，實際吃起來酸。）seem：好像。暗示判斷有一定根據，往往接近事實。例如：例48：You seem to have made the same mistake again this time. （你這次似乎又犯了同樣的錯誤。）例49：It seems that it is going to rain soon.look：好像。表示憑感覺作出的判斷。例如： 例50：Whats wrong with you? You look pale.例51：It looks like rain. （看來要下雨了。）9argue / quarrelargue：辯論，爭論。指提出理由或論據以支持或反駁某種意見或主張，著重說理。如：例52：What are you arguing about？ 例53：I argued with him the whole day. quarrel：爭論，爭吵，吵架。例如：例54：Its unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. （為那件事同你老闆爭吵是不明智的。）10arrive / reach / get arrive，reach和get都有“到達”的意思。arrive通常與介詞at或in連用，它和reach是比較正式的用語；reach是及物動詞；get通常與介詞to連用，在口語中常用。arrive和get後接副詞（如here, there, home等）時，不用介詞。reach和arrive at還有“達成（協議），作出（決定）”的意思。例如：例55：When we arrived at the station, the train had left.例56：At five, they arrived in Beijing.例57：The letter didnt reach me until yesterday.例58：At what time did you get to the post office? 例59：The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours discussion.（幾個小時的討論後，雙方還是沒能達成一致意見。）11ask / inquire / question ask：問（ask sb sth或ask sth of sb）；請求（ask sb to do sth）；要，索取（ask for sth）。例如：例60：May I ask you some questions? 例61：Why did he ask you to come again? 例62：Did he ask for anything?inquire：問，詢問。它與ask同義，但是比較正式的用語；與into連用時，表示“查究，調查”的意思。例如：例63：I have inquired of him whether he could help me. （我已經問過他能否幫我。） 例64：We must inquire into the matter. （look into，我們必須調查此事。） question：提問，質問，審問，懷疑。例如：例65：At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them.例66：I question whether he was once questioned by the police.（我懷疑他是否曾被警方審問過。）12be about to do sth / be to do sthbe about to do：即將，正要做。不加任何時間短語。例如：例67：We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.be to do：計畫，約定；應該。例如：例68：We are to start tomorrow. 例69：What is to be done next？（下一步做什麼？）13be careful of / be careful withbe careful of：小心，當心，留神，注意。例如：例70：The public were warned to be careful of rats. （公眾被警告要當心老鼠。）be careful with：細心，注意。指細心地處理或對付某人或某事。例如：例71：Youd better be careful with your work / pronunciation. （你得注意你的工作/發音。）14be familiar with / be familiar tobe familiar with：對熟悉。例如：例72：Most of us are familiar with the pop star.例73：John was very familiar with this kind of situation.be familiar to：對來說是熟悉的；為所熟知。例如：例74：The pop star is familiar to most of us.例75：This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar)15be known for / be known as / be known to be known for：因而出名。例如：例76：Our town is known for its stones.be known as：作為而出名。例如：例77：The town is known as a stone town.be known to：被知曉，瞭解。例如：例78：The hot spring city is known to every one of them.16be made of ( from / out of ) / be made into / be made up / be made up ofbe made of：由製成。用於由產品可以看出原材料。例如：例79：The desk is made of wood.be made from：由製成。用於由產品看不出原材料。例如：例80：Paper is made from wood. be made out of：由製成。例如：例81：The desk / Paper is made out of wood. be made into：製成。例如： 例82：Wood can be made into desks / paper.be made up：由編成。例如：例83：Dont believe him; the whole story was made up. （別信他的，整個過程都是捏造的。）be made up of (=consist of)：由組成。例如： 例84：This desk is made up of / consists of twelve pieces of wood.17be tired of / be tired from / be tired out be / get tired of：對厭倦。例如：例85：I am really tired of your words! （你的話我聽膩了！）be tired from：因疲倦。例如： 例86：I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow. （我爬山太累了，所以頭一碰枕頭/一躺下就睡著了。）be tired out：筋疲力盡。相當於be worn out。例如： 例87：We were tired out when we climbed over the high mountain. 18believe / believe in / depend on believe：相信（指信某人的言語）；認為（相當於be sure）。例如：例88：Dont believe him; hes lying. （別聽他的，他在說謊。）例89：I believe theyll succeed in the end.believe in：信任（指勝任某人）；信仰（指信仰真理、主張、宗教等）。例如：例90：Dont believe in him; hes always lying. （不可信任他，他老說謊。）例91：I believe what she said, but I dont believe in her. （我相信她所說的，但我不信任她。）例92：We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.（我們得工作，最重要的是我們得信任自己。）例93：Most of them believe in God.depend on：信任（相當於believe in或trust）；依靠（相當於live on）；取決於。例如：例94：He is a man to depend on / believe in / trust. （他是個可信任的人。）例95：Do you still depend on / live on your parents? （你還靠父母嗎？）例96：Everything depends on the weather tomorrow. （一切取決於明天的天氣。）19borrow / lend borrow：借，借用。指借入，不帶雙賓語。結構：borrow sth from sb。例如：例97：Can I borrow your pen?例98：He borrows money from me frequently.lend：把借給。指借出，可帶雙賓。結構：lend sb sth =lend sth to sb。例如： 例99：Could you lend me your pen?例100：Will you lend your bike to me？20bring / take / fetch / get / carry bring：帶來。例如：例101：Bring the book here tomorrow.take：拿走。例如：例102：Dont take the magazines out of the reading-room.fetch：去拿來。例如：例103：Go downstairs and fetch me some water.get：去拿來。與fetch同義，但較口語化。例如：例104：She got him a good doctor. （她為他請來了一位好醫生。）carry：攜帶。指隨身攜帶，如捧、抱、扛、運等。例如：例105：He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder.例106：He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out.（他出門時經常帶著一本袖珍詞典。）21build / put up / set up build：建設，建築。常用於建造房屋、橋樑、道路等，也用於建設國家、城市等。如：例107：A new bridge was built in this village last month.例108：We are building a socialist country.put up：建設，搭建。側重于搭蓋臨時性的建築物；在現代英語中，可與build通用。還有“張貼，掛起，舉起”等意思。例如：例109：They had to put up the tents before dark.例110：If you have any questions, please put up (=raise) your hands.例111：Why not put up a notice on the wall there?set up：建設，創建。常用于創立組織、機構、團體、學校、工廠、公司等。例如：例112：Another night school was set up. （又一所夜校建起來了。）例113：They set up a committee to look into the matter. (他們成立了委員會來調查這件事。)22care / mind care：關切，憂慮，在乎。care about：在乎，關心。care for：喜歡，照顧。例如：例114：He failed in the exam, but he doesnt seem to care (about it).（他沒能通過考試，但他似乎一點也不在乎。）例115：Tom doesnt care what they say.例116：He cares about nothing but money. （他只在乎錢。）例117：Would you care for another drink? （想再來一杯飲料嗎？）例118：The children are being well cared for (=looked after).Mind：當心，注意（用於肯定句）；介意，反對（用於疑問句或否定句）。例如：例119：Mind your own business.例120：Would you mind my/me turning on the radio? （介意我打開收音機嗎？）23catch / catch up withcatch：趕上。尤指趕車。例如：例121：He got up early in order to catch the first bus.catch up with：趕上。指經過努力趕上同類水準，與keep up with同義。例如：例122：We must double our efforts to catch / keep up with the developed countries.（我們必須加倍努力以趕上發達國家。）24catch / seize / hold / catch hold ofcatch：抓住，捉住；趕上（車）。常指從空中抓住某物，或指捕捉等。如：例123：He caught the ball and shot the basket. （他抓住球，投籃。）例124：We caught lots of fish today. 例125：I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.seize：抓住（指用力猛抓）；捉拿，逮捕。例如：例126：Its a pity that I didnt seize the chance.例127：Immediately the thief was seized and sent to the police station.hold：握住，手持，抱著。例如：例128：She was holding an umbrella.例129：At that moment I held him by the arm. （就在這一刻我抓住了他的手臂。）catch hold of：抓住，抓牢。指抓住某物不放手，相當於get hold of。例如：例130：Be sure to catch hold of the rope.25catch fire / be on fire / cause fire / set fire to sth / set sth on firecatch fire：著火（指自然著火，無被動結構）。be on fire：著火（指狀態）。cause fire：起火（引起火災）。set fire to sth / set sth on fire：放火，縱火（指人為的）。例如：例131：The store caught fire at 5:00 this morning, and it was on fire for nearly half an hour. Nobody knows what caused the fire or who set it on fire / set fire to it. （商店早上點著火，燒了近半個小時，沒人知道是什麼引起這場火災或是誰放了這把火。）26collect / gather gather：收集，聚集；採摘。指把零散的東西集中到一起。賓語通常可以是人，也可以是物。例如：例132：She is gathering wild flowers in the field.例133：Please gather the students for me.例134：He wants to gather money for a motorbike. （他想攢錢買一輛摩托車。）collect：收集，集合。指精心地、有選擇地收集；作為該意思時，其賓語只能是物。例如：例135：Are you fond of collecting stamps?例136：They are collecting money for the kids in those poor areas.（他們正在為貧困地區的孩子們集資。）注意：作為不及物動詞時，兩者可以互用。例如：例137：Well gather / collect at the gate of the school at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow.27compare with / compare tocompare with：把和相比。例如： 例138：Can you compare this word with that one?compare to：比喻為，把比作；把和相比。例如：例139：Young people are usually compared to the rising sun. （年輕人常被比作初升的太陽。）例140：Dont compare your toys to / with others all the time.（別老是把你的玩具和別人的比。）compared to / with：比起來，與相比。過去分詞短語作狀語，介詞用to / with均可。例如：例141：Compared to / with other people, you were indeed very fortunate.（比起其他人，你算夠幸運的了。）28contain / includecontain：包含（全部），容納。include：包括（部分）。例如：例142：Senior Book One contains twelve units, including two (units) chosen from the old textbook.例143：This atlas contains forty maps, including three of Great Britain.（這地圖集含有四十幅地圖，包括英國地圖三幅在內。）例144：How much does this bottle contain? （這瓶能裝多少？）29cost / spend / pay / buy / charge / sellcost：花費，付出代價。通常以事物作主語，即sth+ cost + (sb) + 金錢、時間、勞力或其他代價。例如：例145：The book cost me $10.例146：Careless driving cost him his life. （粗心駕駛使他付出了生命的代價。）spend：花費。主語是人，可以指花金錢，也可以指花時間。spend的用法：sb + spend +時間+ (in) + v-ing / sb + spend +金錢 (時間) + on sth。例如：例147：I spent $10 on the book. 例148：I spent two hours (in) finishing the composition. 比較：例149：It took me two hours to finish the composition.pay：付款。例如：例150：I paid $10 for the book.buy：買。例如：例151：I bought the book for $10. charge：收費。例如：例152：They charged me $10 for the book. （買這本書，他們收我十美元。）sell：賣。例如：例153：They sold me the book for $10.30cure / treat / heal cure：治癒（疾病），後常接介詞of。例如：例154：The new medicine cured (him of) his heart trouble. （這種新藥治癒了他的心臟病。）treat：治療。強調用藥物或醫療手段進行醫治的過程，並不表示治療的結果。後常接介詞for。另外還有“對待”的意思，後常接as。例如：例155：It was difficult to treat patients (for their diseases) because of a shortage of medicine.（由於缺少藥物，所以很難給病人治療。）例156：He treats the orphan as his own son. （他把那個孤兒當作自己的親生兒子看待。）heal：治癒（外傷）。例如：例157：It took three months for my arm to heal properly.31die of / die fromdie of：死於。常指由於疾病、饑餓、情感等原因而死亡。例如：例158：Many of them died of hunger during the voyage.例159：The old woman died of grief soon after her husbands death. die from：死於。常指除了疾病或情感以外的原因造成的死亡，及因某種具體疾病造成的死亡。例如：例160：In big cities during cold winter months, many old people die from the polluted air. 例161：It is said that he died from / of heart attack.32discover / invent / create discover：發現(它的物件原來就存在)。invent：發明(被發明的東西原來不存在)。create：創造。例如：例162：It is well known that Madame Curie discovered the element radium.例163：As is known to all, Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 例164：As we know, Shakespeare created quite a number of wonderful characters in his plays.33disturb / interrupt / troubledisturb：打擾，擾亂（使無法正常進行）。例如：例165：The loud noise disturbed his thought.interrupt：打擾；打斷，中斷。例如：例166：Sorry to interrupt you, but I have an urgent message.trouble：使麻煩（指心情上苦惱或行動上帶來不便）。例如：例167：Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. （別自尋麻煩。）34dress / put on / wear / have on / be in dress：穿衣，穿著。可用作及物動詞，“人”當賓語；可用作不及物動詞；可用be dressed表示穿著狀況。例如：例168：The baby isnt old enough to dress itself. （這孩子還小，無法自己穿衣服。）例169：He rose, dressed quickly and hurried to school.例170：She is well dressed today.例171：The girl was dressed in pink last night. （昨晚這女孩穿著一身粉紅色的衣服。）例172：The girl dressed herself in pink last night.put on：穿上(衣服)，上演。表示動作。例如：例173：Better put on your coat; its cold outside.例174：A new play will be put on at the Grand Theatre.wear：穿著，佩戴。表示狀態，包括穿著衣物、佩戴首飾以及留頭髮、鬍鬚等。例如：例175：Can you recog