过去分词短语作状语.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流过去分词短语作状语.精品文档.过去分词短语作状语 2012.4.1过去分词兼有动词副词和形容词的特征。 过去分词作状语时，表示被动的或已完成的动作，在句中可作时间原因条件让步方式伴随状语等。掌握过去分词作状语可从以下几个方面考虑。 一. 理清过去分词作状语时与句子的主语的关系 1. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词与主句中的主语形成逻辑上的被动关系，有时也表示动作已完成。 例如： Seen in the dark night，lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky.(seen表示被动，分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生) Scolded by the teacher，the girl began to cry. 被老师责怪，女孩哭了起来。(scolded表示被动且动作已完成) 【考例1】_ into use in April 2000， the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.(2005年上海卷) A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put 【解析】选A。主句主语the hotline与put into use逻辑上是被动关系，排除BC；D项表示正在进行的被动与句子意思不符。所以用过去分词put短语作状语。 2. 有些过去分词已经形成了系表结构，因此他们作状语时与主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，但仍然用过去分词形式。例如： Lost in thought， she nearly ran into a tree. 陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。 (lost意为“迷失的”，与逻辑主语连接起来相当于Because she was lost，作原因状语)与lost类似的过去分词还有disappointed， dressed， determined， devoted， tired， exhausted， prepared， seated， caught等。 【考例2】After his journey from abroad， Richard Jones returned home， _. A. exhausted B. exhausting C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 【解析】选A。exhausted意为“筋疲力尽的”，由过去分词演变成形容词作伴随状语。 二. 注意过去分词作状语时在句中的位置 作状语的过去分词或短语可置于句子的前后或中间，但是必须用逗号隔开以便与主句分开。 The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground， surrounded by a group of students. 那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着。(过去分词作伴随状语) 【考例1】 _ by the beauty of nature， the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. (2004年辽宁卷) A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 【解析】选B。句子的主语the girl与attract是动宾关系或说是被动关系，所以要用过去分词短语作状语。 三. 掌握过去分词作状语与状语从句的变换 过去分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间原因条件方式伴随让步等。所以经常会遇到过去分词前带有once， when， while， if， as if， even if， though， unless等连词，我们将这种结构看成在连词与过去分词之间省略了与主句相同的主语和系动词be。例如： Once published， this book will be popular with the students.=Once it is published，this book will be popular with the students.这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎。(过去分词作时间状语。注：分词前once可省略) 【考例1】_ with the size of the whole earth， the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When compared C. Comparing D. When comparing 【解析】选B。主句中的 the biggest ocean与compare形成逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用过去分词。 【考例2】No matter how frequently _， the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006广东卷) A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed 【解析】选A。动词perform与句子的主语the works是动宾关系，故要选过去分词performed，实际上相当于让步状语从句No matter how they are frequently performed， 。 四. 过去分词作状语时的具体用法：1过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.当他被问问题的时候,他低下了头。2过去分词作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone.因为害怕老虎, 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。3过去分词作条件状语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。Given (If we were given) more time, we could do it better.如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以做得更好。注意：此句中的given在许多语法书中作为介词处理。4过去分词作让步状语相当于一个让步状语从句。例如：Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.虽然John被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。5过去分词作状语表示伴随动作或状态。例如：The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。五. 独立主格结构 如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，这时必须在过去分词前加上主格的逻辑主语。这就叫作独立主格结构。例如： The town seen from the hill，we can see it more clearly.=If the town is seen from the hill， we can see it more clearly. 如果从山上看这座城市，我们能看得更清楚。 Everything taken into consideration，the party was a success. 将所有的事情考虑在内，晚会算是成功的。 (taken的逻辑主语不是the party，所以添加其真正的主语everything) 【考例1】He sat silently，_. A. eyes are closed B. his eyes closing C. eyes closed D. eyes to close 【解析】选C。眼睛闭着表示伴随状态，如果只用过去分词closed，则前后逻辑主语不一致，所以在其前面加上eyes作逻辑主语，eyes closed还可用介词with引导，eyes closed=with his eyes closed。 巩固性练习1. Though _ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned2. _ from this point of view, the question will be of great importance. A. Considering B. Considered C. Being considered D. Consider 3. _ and _, they ran out of the room. A. Being excited；happily B. Exciting；happy C. Exciting；happily D. Excited；happy 4. _ deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal. A. Buried B. Burying C. To bury D. Being buried 5. If _ green，the door might look more beautiful. A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint 6. Eva， _ in Canada, lived and practiced law in America. A. was born B. he was born C. although born D. being born 7. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, _ completely to the outside world. A. being lost B. having lost C. losing D. lost 8. Everything _, it wasnt a bad holiday. A. considering B. considered C. to consider D. consider 9. _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 10. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 11. _, the old man is living a happy life. A. Taking good care B. Taken good care C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of 12. He was sitting there, _ in deep thought. A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing 13. We are certain that everything will go well as _. A. to be planned B. planned C. being planned D. having been planned 14. Whats wrong? I want to know why you didnt do as _. A. to be told B. telling C. told D. told to 15. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed Key(3)：1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.A