广州中考-形容词副词比较级最高级.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date广州中考-形容词副词比较级最高级广州中考-形容词副词比较级最高级形容词及副词的初认识一、形容词及其用法 :形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。1.形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。例如：handsome boy但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice 2.以-ly结尾的形容词 a. 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 例如：Her singing was lovely. b. 有些以-ly 结尾既为 形容词，也为副词。 例如：daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early (The Times is a daily paper.) 3.用形容词表示类别和整体 a. 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry (The poor are losing hope. ) b. 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。例如：the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. (The English have wonderful sense of humor. ) 4.多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 美小圆旧黄 法国木书房例如： a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 在不能确定时，可参照下表： 限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 those + three + beautiful + large + square + old + brown + wood + table 二、副词及其基本用法 :副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。 1.副词的分类a.时间副词：now/today/before/soon/alreadyb.地点副词：here/there/near/in/back/off（地点副词和动词连用的时候不用加介词go home/come there）c.方式副词：quickly/happily/loudly/badly/fastd.程度副词：much/little/very/rather/so/too/stille.疑问副词：when/where/how/why等2. 副词的位置： a.在动词之前。We slowly closed the door.b.在be动词、助动词、实义动词之后。He is always late for school. Please write slowly。c.多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意：a. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。 Mary speaks English well because she is a Canadian. b.副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I don't know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat. 3. 兼有两种形式的副词 a. close与closely close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地" He is sitting close to me. W atch him closely. b. late 与lately late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近" You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? c. deep与deeply deep意思是"深"表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the movie. d. high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. e. wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方" He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. f. free与freely free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地" You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 形容词、副词的比较等级英语中形容词和副词有三个比较等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。它们是用来表示事物等级差别的。一、形容词和副词的原级 形容词和副词的原级即形容词、副词的原形形式，常用于very, so, quite, too之后。还用于句型as as ( 和一样)，以及 not so/asas （不如）。The coat is too expensive. 这件外套太贵了。The boy isnt so old as the girl. 这男孩不如女孩大。二、形容词和副词的比较级 形容词和副词的比较级常用于两者间进行比较，其中一个比另一个“更”或 “较”。后用连词than连接另一个所比较的人或物。在上下文明确的情况下，形容词、副词的比较级也可单独使用。Im more outgoing than my sister. 我比我姐外向。This book is old. Can you give me a newer one? 这本书旧，你能给我本更新的吗？(一) 形容词比较级形式的构成：1. 规则变化1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词后加-er，longer2) 哑音e结尾的，在后直接加-r，nicer finer3) 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i，再加-er, funnier; happier4) 重读闭音节且只有一个辅音字母结尾的，先双写辅音字母，再加-er, bigger; fatter5) 多音节词和少数双音节词在词前加more。 more important; more interesting2. 不规则变化good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, little less, far farther/further, old older/elder注意：far 的两个比较级有所不同：farther 强调距离的远； further 强调程度的深。We cant go any farther steps. 我们不能再走更远的距离了。Lets have a further study. 让我们做一下更深的研究。old的两个比较级的不同：older 指年龄的大小；elder 指亲兄弟、姐妹间的长幼关系。My elder brother is two years older than I. 我哥哥比我大两岁。(二)形容词和副词比较级的用法：1) 比较级之前加much, far, a lot, a bit, a little, even, still等词修饰，表示“一方比另一方”，用以加强语气。 She is a little fatter than me.她比我稍胖点。2) “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越（怎么样）” When the winter is coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了天气越来越冷了。3) “The+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子”表示“越（怎么样）就越（怎么样）” The more we have, the more we want.我们拥有的越多，我们就想要的越多。4) “the+比较级+of the two”表示“两个中比较的” The apple is the bigger of the two.这个苹果是两个中比较大的。5) 名词+介词短语+be+比较级+than +that(those) +介词短语。The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海的热。6) “比较级+than any other+单数名词”表示“比其他的任何都”China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。7) 表示“大几岁、高多少”等时，常用“数量词+比较级+ than”句型。She is three years older than I.她比我大三岁。8) “Which/Who is+比较级，A or B?”Which is easier, English or Chinese?英语和汉语，哪个容易？注意：1) 比较的对象必须一致，但不重复。我的花比你的漂亮。My flower is nicer than yours. () My flower is nicer than you. (×) 2) 比较的双方必须在同一范围内。 Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其它的城市大。 如不在同一范围内比较，则不用other。 Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan. 上海比日本的任一城市都大。3) 原级与比较级的互换 She is not as old as I.= She is younger than I. = Im older than she. 她不如我大。（她比我小； 我比他大。）三、形容词和副词的最高级 形容词和副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上间的比较，且形容词最高级级前一定加the，副词最高级前可省略the。 (一) 形容词和副词最高级形式的构成：1. 规则变化 1)单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词后加-est, tallest; longest 哑音e结尾的，在后直接加-st, nicest; finest 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i，再加-est, funniest; happiest 重读闭音节且只有一个辅音字母结尾的，先双写辅音字母，再加-est, biggest; fattest2)多音节词和少数双音节词 在词前加most, most important; most interesting2. 不规则变化 good/well best, bad/illworst, many/muchmost littleleast, farfarthest/furthest, oldoldest/eldest (二)形容词和副词最高级的用法：1) 表示“最之一”用one of +最高级+名词复数。 China is one of the oldest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。2) 表示“第几”，用 the+序数词+ 最高级（不再加the）。 This book is the third most interesting of all.这本书在所有的中是第三大有趣的。3) “特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？ “特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较 例如，Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？ It is much/by far the most beautiful scenery in Europe.它是欧洲最美丽的风景。5) 形容词最高级有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格或专有名词修饰时，不用定冠词the。 This is his latest movie. 这是他最近的一部电影。 形容词最高级与比较级的转换：海伦是他班中的最高的男孩。Henry is the tallest boy in his class.= Henry is taller than any other boy in his class. =Henry is taller than any of the other boys in his class. = Henry is taller than all of the other boys in his class. = No other boy is taller than Henry in his class. 教学练习：1. He is _ friends than I.A. much more   B. many more   C. very more   D. too more解析： 后面有可数名词复数时， many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。 应选B.2. Which is the _ country, Japan or Australia?   A. more developed   B. more developing   C. most developed   D. most developing解析： 两者比较用比较级， 表示"发达"用 developed, 而developing 是 "发展中的"  意思3 There were _ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A. little        B. few        C. fewer         D. less解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级， 所以应选C.4. If you are not free today, come another day _.   A. too     B. so     C. instead    D. yet  解析：instead 作副词用时意为"代替，顶替"， 表示前面的事情没做， 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.5He can't tell us _, I think.   A. important anything            B. anything important C. important something          D. something important.  解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B6. The Huang River is the second _ river in our country.  A. long    B. longer   C. longest    D. the longest  解析："定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 " 表示"第几大" 应选C.7. The light in the office wasn't _for him to read.  A. enough bright     B. bright enough    C. brightly     D. enough brightly  解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后， 修饰形容词或副词时， 要后置。应选B.8. There was an accident at the corner. _, the girl wasn't _hurt.  A. luckily, badly   B. luck, hardly   C. Lucky, heavily  D. Lucky, strongly  解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词， 因此选A.9. You must keep your eyes _ when you do eye exercises.   A. close     B. open       C. closed      D., opened  解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C.10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the work. _,   A. already     B. still     C. too       D. yet  解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句， 而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.教学拓展 ：考点1. As + 形容词或副词原级 + asa. 在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。 He cannot run so/as fast as you.b. 当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.c. 用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine.d. 倍数+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍数+ ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice the size of mine.2. 可修饰比较级的词. a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等b. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。c. 以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。3. 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词; many more +可数名词复数. too much+不可数名词 much too+形容词4. 和more有关的词组a. the more the more越就越The harder he works，the greater progress he'll make.b. more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B Tom is more lazy than slow at his work.= Tom is less slow than lazy at his work.c. no more than 与一样，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. no less than与一样 She is no less diligent than you.d. more than不只是，非常 Mary is more than kind to us all.5.as good as & as well as布置作业真题重现1. (2009·重庆) Were happy that our country has developed _ these years than before. A. quickly B. less quickly C. more quickly D. most quickly2. (2009·广州) The boy doesnt speak _ his sister, but his written work is very good. A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than3. (2009·广东) The Changjiang River is the _river in China. A. long B. longest C. short D. shortest4. (2011·广州) The actress is already 50,but she looks _than she really is. A. young B. more young C. more younger D. much younger5. (2003·广州) Johnny doesnt sing _the other boys and girls in his class. A. so well as B. as good like C. as well like D. so good as6. (2004·广州) I dont believe the young man could run _fast_20 kilomentres an hour. A. as;as B. as;like C. much;as D. so;like7. (2005·广州) Do you like western food?No,The food of our country is _that of western countries. A. rather good than B. much better than C. more better than D. not so good as8. (2006·广州) How well did you do in the maths exam?Better than before.I think it was _difficult than the last one. A. more B. less C.much D. very9. (2007·广州)If you do it again _,I believe you wont make so many mistakes next time. A.more careful B. much careful C. more carefully D. much carefully10. (2008·广州)Though the player is over thirty,he can still run _some younger players. A.as fast as B. so fast as C. much fast than D. more faster than11. (2009·广州)As the 2010 Asian Games get closer,Guangzhou is becoming _than ever. A.beautiful B.most beautiful C. more beautiful D. almost beautiful-