小学语法---形容词和副词.doc

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date小学语法-形容词和副词知识要点：知识要点：一 形容词、副词的概念形容词：我们把用来修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。形容词主要描述人或者事物的性质、特征和状态。副词：说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、等含义的词，我们称之为副词。多用来修饰动词或整个句子。二 形容词、副词的用法1.形容词一般在句中作定语，放在名词或代词前面，都含有“的”意思。如：a nice watch 一只漂亮的手表 an empty box 一个空箱子a clever boy 一个聪明的男孩 a beautiful girl 一个美丽的女孩delicious food 可口的食物 an interesting book 一本有趣的书a blue car 一辆蓝色的小汽车 an exciting speech 一次令人兴奋的演讲注意：形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代词时，需要置于其后。如：something important (重要的事情) nothing interesting (没有什么有趣的)2.形容词作表语（有些形容词只能作表语，放在系动词之后） These flowers are blue. 这些花是蓝色的。 Bob looks smart today. 今天鲍勃看上去很精神。 有些形容词只能作表语，放在系动词之后, 如：asleep / alike / ill 等 The boy is asleep. Lucy and Lily look alike. Her mother is ill.3.形容词做宾语补足语，放在宾语之后(常用动词有make / paint / keep / find / want / like等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词做宾语补足语，补充说明 宾语的状态、特征等。We must keep our classroom clean.Do you like your tea weak or strong?The boy was beaten black and blue.4.形容词与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、距离”的词连用时，常放在后面。 Tom is 1.7 meters tall. My father is 30 years old. The school is 100 meters away.5.副词多用来修饰动词，可以放在句子的前面、中间、或最后。1时间soon / now / only /finally / onceearly / late / before / after 5频度always / often / never / seldom2地点here / nearby / outside / above6疑问how / where / when / why3方式Badly / quietly / fast / slowly7连接how / when / where / why / whether4程度nearly / very / quite / rather8关系when / where / why They live happily. (happily快乐地，幸福地，修饰动词live) They are listening to the teacher carefully. (carefully 认真地，修饰动词listen) Dont speak loudly in class. (loudly 大声地，修饰动词speak) 注意：联系动词不用副词修饰，直接加形容词作表语。联系动词有feel / smell / ge t / become / turn / sound / look等） Her face became pale. 他的脸色变得苍白。 The fish smells terrible . 这条鱼难闻极了。 The food tastes delicious. 这食物尝起来很可口。 This cloth feels soft. 这批布让人感觉很柔软。 6.部分形容词加-ly可以变成副词。如： 形容词 副词 quick+ly quickly slow+ly slowly quiet+ly quietly happy+ly happily careful+ly carefully 注意：并不是以ly结尾的单词都是副词，名词+ly可变成形容词。如： 名词 形容词 friend + ly friendly 朋友般的 love + ly lovely 可爱的 sister + ly sisterly 姐妹般的 brother +ly brotherly 兄弟般的 father + ly fatherly 父亲般的 mother + ly motherly 母亲般的有些名词+y可以变成形容词。如： 名词 形容词rain + y rainy 下雨的 snow + y snowy 下雪的 cloud + y cloudy 阴天的 salt + y salty 咸的 sand + y sandy 有沙的 fog + y foggy 雾的 wind + y windy 有风的三 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则大多数形容词、副词都有等级的变化，表示“比更”或“最”。形容词用来表示物的等级差别一般有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。如：tall-taller-tallest ; little-less-least ; fast-faster-fastest1. 一般情况下，直接在原词后加-er， 或加-est如：quick-quicker-quickest slow-slower-slowestclever-cleverer-cleverest high-higher-highestlow-lower-lowest fast-faster-fastest 2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原词后加-r，最高级在原词后加-st如：nice-nicer-nicest large-larger-largest white-whiter-whitest safe-safer-safest3.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词，变y为i, 再加-er或-est.如：heavy-heavier-heaviest easy-easier-easiest early-earlier-ealiest happy-happier-happiest4.重读闭音节结尾的形容词或副词，要双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er或-est如：fat-fatter-fattest red-redder-reddestthin-thinner-thinnest wet-wetter-wettestbig-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottest5.部分双音节或多音节词要在原词前面加more或most. 如：beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful useful-more useful-most useful delicious-more delicious-most delicious defferent-more different-most different difficult-more difficult-most difficult carefully-more carefully-most carefully 不规则变化： good/well-better-best bad-worse-worst many/much-more-most little-less-least far-farther-farthest (指距离的远近)far-further-furthest （表示程度上更进步)old-older-oldest (表示年纪大)old-elder-eldest (表示长幼关系)四 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1. 形容词、副词的比较级经常用于两个同类的人或事物的比较，比较对象用than来连接。基本结构是：“主语+谓语（系动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+对比成分Your jacket is longer than mine.She is cleverer than the other girls in the class.The room is smaller than the earth.The box is heavier than that one.This story is more interesting than that one.The weather in our hometown is warmer than that in Beijing.注意：much / rather / far / a bit / a little / even 这些词常用来修饰比较级。如He is much taller than Peter.Lily is a little thinner than Lucy.My mother is far nicer than my aunt. 2.形容词或副词的最高级用于三者三者以上的人或物的比较，表示人或事物在某个范围内“最”形容词最高级前要用the，副词最高级前面的the可以省去。如： He runs (the) fastest in his class. 他在班上跑的最快。 Yao Ming is the tallest in Chinese basketball team. 姚明在中国篮球队里最高。 注意：asas表示同级比较，两个as中间用原级 Lily is as tall as Lucy. Lesson One is as interesting as Lesson Two. 第二课和第一课一样有趣。 not as/soas表示否定，表示前者不如后者（soas不能用于肯定） Mike is not as clever as Tom. 麦克不如汤姆聪明。 He is not so tall as his sister. 他没有姐姐长得高。 注意：1.“one of the + 最高级+名词（复数）”整个短语为单数形式，谓语动词要用单数。如：One of the cleverest students in China will visit our school. 2.“比较级+and+比较级”“表示越来越”如：He works harder and harder. 3. more + 形容词、副词 表示前者比后者更 less + 形容词、副词 表示前者不如后者4.the + 比较级+；the + 比较级 + 表示越就越 如：The earlier you come, the more you get. 来得越早，收获越多。 5.“which / who+动词+比较级/最高级+”句型中，如果后面有两个选项，则用比较级；若有三个选项，则用最高级。 如：Who studies harder, Tom or Pat? Who studies the best, Ann, Tom or Peter?Practice:一 写出下列形容词的反义词1.fat_2.small_3.light_4.long_5.young_6.good_7.weak_8.cold_9.sad_10.near_11.fast_12.up_13.late_14new_15.warm_16.high_17.same_18.black_19.expensive_二按要求写出下列单词的比较级和最高级 1.good_ _2.thin_ _3.heavy_ _ 4.happy_ _5.bad_ _6.little_ _ 7.far_ _8.careful_ _9.slow_ _ 10.well_ _11.low_ _12. hot_ _三根据句意，用所给形容词或副词的正确形式填空1.Winter is _(cold) season of the year.2.Jim works_(hard), but his brother works_(hard) than him.3.This radio is not so_(cheap) as that one.4.Its much_(hot) today than yesterday.5.Please listen to me_(careful).6.I like getting up_(early).7.Mr Smith is the_(rich) man in this office.8.Things are getting_(bad) and_(bad).9.It smells_(terrible).10.The higher you climb, the _(cold) it will be.11.This match is _(exciting) of the three.12.My mother is the _(busy) in my family.13.Beijing is one of the_(beautiful) city in China.14.This book is _(interesting) than that book.15.Li Pings home is _(far) from the school in our class.16.Which goes_(quick), the bus or the car?17. I can swim as_( fast ) as the fish, I think.18. Look! His hands are_( big ) than mine.19. I think you do these things_( well ) than your classmates.20. Whose bag is_( heavy ), yours or mine?21. Does Jim run as_( slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs _ ( slow ) than them.22. You have seven books, but I have_( many ) than you. I have ten.23. I jump_( far ) than some of the boys in my class.24.Im very_( thin ), but shes_( thin ) than me.25. It gets_and_( warm ) when spring comes here.26. The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.27. My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).28. My brother is two years _(old) than me.四单项选择题1. Which subject do you like_, maths or English? A.good B.better C.well D.best2.This red rose is _of all flowers. A.beautifuler B.much more beautiful C.the most beautiful D.beautiful3.My book is newer than_. A.he B.his C.our D.we4.He is_student in his class. A.good B.better C.the best D.best5.Look! The bee_than the bird. A.fly higher B.is flying higher C.as high as D.flies higher6.His hens are _and fat. A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest7.She knows_about history than most people. A.more B.much C.most D.many8.It was really an_story. A.afraid B.excited C.exciting D.worried9.Which city is _from here, Beijing or Shanghai? A.far B.farther C.farthest D.the farthest10.This building is _that tree. A.so tall as B.as tall as C.so tall as D.as taller as 五翻译句子：1.谁比Jim年纪大？是你。 _ is _than Jim？ _ are.2.谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan. _ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3.谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。 _ pencil is _,_or_？_is, I think.4.谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。 _ apples _ _, your _ or your _? My _ _.5.你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。 _ _as _as your uncle? Yes, I am.6.他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。 He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7.她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。 _ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _ as _ as Mike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。 _ Tom _ _ than you? No, he _. He_ as_ as_.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 _ more exercise, youll _ _ soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 I _ _ at Science. But I dont _ well in Chinese.13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。 _you_the kite_than Wang bing? No,I_it _than_.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_. All my_ _ _than me.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。 My_ _ up _than me.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。 _the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes, they _.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesnt _ _ in PE. But I dont _ _than_.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。 _ you _football _than your classmates? No, they_as_as me.19.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。 My_ _ _than my _.20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。 _sweater_ as_as_.21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。 My dress_ too_. I want to _a_one.22. I'm taller than Mike .(用原级的比较)I'm _ as _ as Mike .23.He isnt so tall as his father. (改为同义句)His father_ _ than him.24.He runs faster than any other people in the class. (改为同义句)He runs_ _in the class.25.I like English better than maths. (用which来提问) _ _ you like better, maths or English?26.Lesson One is interesting. Lesson Two is more interesting. (合并为一句话)Lesson One is _ _than Lesson Two.27.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。（翻译）The Changjiang River is one of _ _ _in the word.-