新视野大学英语第三版视听说4.docx

Unit 1 How we behave is who we are Listening to the world Sharing P = Pasha; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc. Part 1 P: Hello. City life can be quite impersonal, so I try to smile at people and thank them whenever they behave kindly, but some forms of anti-social behavior really do get on my nerves. Today Im talking to people about good and bad behavior. What kind of behavior in public places gets on your nerves? Part 2 W1: I think what mostly gets on my nerves is when people listen to their music really loudly on a stereo when youre on the train, or in a lift. I think thats a bit antisocial. M1: Um, probably noise more than anything actually. Um, I suppose its one of those sorts of things you see in effect in towns, areas now get louder and louder probably later into the night as well. W2: Well, screaming babies, in, like shops and just generally around and the parents, kind of standing there and not really, just kind of ignoring the child and you just want to, just, tell the baby to just “shut up” but, obviously, you cant. M2: Loud noise: people with loud voices. Er, people, er, bad manners. W3: When youre on public transport, like on a train, and couples start kissing in front of you. M3: Smoking within the vicinity. Um, as someone who personally doesnt smoke, er, I find it, it can, er . it can get on my nerves at times. Part 3 P: Give a recent example of when you experienced good or bad manners. M3: The other day, just as an example, um, recent lack of manners I think, was in a a local park and er, there was a rubbish bin nearby, but that person instead of taking the extra effort to just simply walk over and drop it in, decided carelessly to just drop their rubbish on the ground where they were. M1: I travel a lot on the trains and things like that, so I find, increasingly, the actual noise on trains from people using mobile phones, things like that really. W1: Well, recently, its Ive seen it a few times, you know, when, when youre shopping or when youre in a restaurant and youre trying to and youre speaking to the person thats serving you and maybe somebodys, theyre on their phone, or theyre not really paying attention. You see that quite a lot, I think, in London particularly. W3: On the bus this morning, when an old gentleman got on and someone got up to give him a seat. Part 4 P: Do you think our attitude towards behavior changes as we get older?W1: Yeah, I think it does. I think as you get older, you become, probably, a bit more intolerant of certain, sort of, anti-social behavior and, as, when youre younger youre probably not as aware of it. M2: I think the older people, er, definitely appreciate manners, good behavior and a good attitude. M1: I suppose so. I suppose we learn how to be more tolerant of it. Um, we can be, probably, more short-tempered of it because weve probably had it all of our lives and we want it to, sort of, come to an end, but I think we learn how to, sort of, either walk away from it or ignore it, that sort of things. W2: Yeah, definitely. W4: It becomes more important as you get older. You have to impress more people, therefore, be more polite. W2: Yeah, and you gain a conscience as you get older as well. As kids, like, you just say whatever you want to each other, kids, but you kind of realize what you can and cant say as you get older. Listening I = Interviewer; S1 = Speaker 1, etc. Part 1 I: Now Ive always thought it has to do with what time of day youre born. I arrived at 10 oclock at night and consequently Im an owl coming to life late in the evening and capable of dancing till dawn which is a pity really because this job requires that I am a lark, getting up every morning at 5:30. Well, which are you and why? Part 2 S1: I am up usually between five and half past most mornings. Im bright and breezy. I sing in the morning. Im wide awake. I love watching the sunrise. Whenever we go on holiday, my husband thinks Im mad because quite often I get up with a camera, and Im out there at half past four, five oclock in the morning watching the sunrise and taking photographs. And I just love it. It is just so peaceful and so beautiful. Its a lovely part of the day. S2: Definitely not a morning person. Evening, without a doubt. I despise getting up with a passion. There is a real, real sense of dread, and, oh no, and theres sort of lots of denial about no, it didnt really go off. And I sort of set it again for five minutes later, then I set it again for another five minutes later, and I stay there until the absolute last second. S3: If Im groggily out at nine or 10 in the morning, I do look at other people walking their dogs, or, walking along with a bounce in their step and I just think, “Where does it come from? How can you do that? Should I just eat more vegetables or more fruit or should I get up earlier to be more awake?” None of it works. S4: My father and my mother are very much sort of early birds, and so when I was a teenager Id sleep in and Id have comments all the time like, “You youre sleeping your life away”, “Youve wasted the best part of the day”, and its taken me until very, very recently actually to be able to stop the guilt at getting up late . S5: Late evening is best for me to be focusing rather than partying. Thats when Im really thinking straight. Everyones going to sleep at home here when Im really mentally becoming most awake. Thats when I really feel at my sharpest. S6: At the end of the day, nine oclock, 10 oclock, Im exhausted, and so I want to go to bed. Anybody mentions “party” to me and I cringe. S7: David and I always joked before we had children that it would be great because he would be great in the mornings and I would be great in the evenings, and to a certain extent thats true, but finding time in the middle just to talk to one another is trickier. I: What are you, lark or owl? And what are the effects? Do let us know on the message board on the website. Viewing Desmond Morris: Back in the late 1960s, I was sitting in this very restaurant on the island of Malta talking to my publisher. I drew his attention to the fact that, over the other side of the road there were two men who were gesticulating in a particular way. The way they were holding their palms to one side was fascinating me, and he said, “You know, you look at people the way that a bird-watcher looks at birds,” and I said, “Yeah, I suppose you could call me a man watcher.” As soon as I said it, it was as if Id fired a starting gun on a major new project, one that was to engross me for many years to come and take me to over 60 different countries. I was going to do for actions what dictionary makers had done for words. I began making huge charts naming every facial expression, every gesticulation, every movement, every posture. I kept at it for month after month. One of the first problems I encountered was that even the simplest human action, such as the handshake, has countless variations. Sometimes its reduced to a mere palm touch, as with these Masai elders in East Africa. But in other countries it becomes more elaborate. In Mali in West Africa the handshaker briefly touches his own forearm as the palms clasp. In Morocco the handshakers kiss one anothers hands at the same time as clasping them. And in Turkey, these Kurdish farmers have taken this simple action and converted it into what amounts to a minor ritual. Its the local rule that they cant start bargaining until theyre shaking hands, and they have to keep on doing so until the deal is struck. The essential feature of handshaking is that its an egalitarian act. Regardless of their social standing, the two people involved are momentarily performing identical actions. Despite their variations, all these greetings have one thing in common: Theyre all fine-tuned to the precise context in which they occur. Because a single message is given in a different way in different countries. The crazy sign: How do you say to somebody, “Youre crazy”? Well, here in Rome you do this, but, in England I would probably do this the temple screw, saying hes got a screw loose or I might say his brain is going round and round, or I might, tap my head saying, “What does he think hes got inside his skull?” In some countries you do it with two hands; it varies from place to place and, if you go to Japan you have to be careful because if you do it this way it means hes intelligent; you have to do it in an anticlockwise direction in Japan if you want to say that somebody is crazy. So, all over the world the same message is given in a slightly different way. Speaking for communication Role-play J = Jim; L = Liz J: Heres your coffee. L: Ah, thanks, Jim. Oh, I needed that. J: No problem. Hey, Liz, theres something Ive been meaning to talk to you about. L: Oh yeah? J: Its just that . well . you know you borrowed some money from me last week? L: Oh, right. It was 10 euros, wasnt it? I dont actually have that on me at the moment. J: Its not that, its . I hope you dont take this the wrong way, but, um L: Right. J: its just that this isnt the first time Ive lent you money and er, well, you havent paid it back. I, I mean, I know its not a lot, just small amounts each time but it kind of adds up quite quickly . I, I dunno. Do you know what I mean? L: Yeah. Sorry. I didnt realize. I know Im terrible with money. I, I just forget. Look, I promise Ill give it back, but could you wait a week until I get paid? J: Well, actually, youve said that once before. I, I dont want you to get the wrong idea, but . it, you know, never happened. And it makes things slightly awkward. I mean, it makes me feel just a bit annoyed. Do you see where Im coming from? L: Oh. Yeah. I suppose so. J: Look, Ive got a suggestion. Id feel better if we could work out how much is owed and then you could pay me back a little each week, you know, however much you can afford. How does that sound? L: Yeah, yeah. That sounds reasonable. J: OK, great. So well, why dont we start ? Further practice in listening Short conversations Conversation 1 W: The only thing I can do at night is to lie in bed and read, preferably while also eating a snack. I never have time for exercising.M: Dont think its worth exercising only if you can run five miles or if you can bike for an hour. Even going for a 10-minute walk is worthwhile. Q: What advice does the man give to the woman? Conversation 2 W: Hi, Mark, Ive gained quite some weight recently. So, how can I eat healthily at social events?M: Well, drink a full glass of water before you go. Focus mainly on fresh fruit and vegetables or bread with whole grains. These will help you stay feeling full. Q: What can we know about the woman?Conversation 3 W: I heard that in South Africa smoking is banned in all enclosed public spaces. M: Yes, thats right. But pubs and bars with separate, enclosed smoking rooms are excluded from the ban, and most restaurants provide smoking sections, either indoor areas with good air circulation or outdoor open areas. Q: What can we learn about the smoking rules in South Africa? Conversation 4 M: So, your research shows that even when children are not direct targets of violence in the home, they can be harmed by witnessing its occurrence? W: Yes, thats right. For example, they can suffer immediate and permanent physical harm. They can also experience short- and long-term emotional and behavioral problems. Q: What are the two speakers talking about? Conversation 5 W: Skipping breakfast is common among people who are trying to lose weight, but it doesnt seem to be a successful strategy. M: No, it isnt. While any breakfast may be better than no breakfast, a healthy breakfast can be something simple like a hard-boiled egg, a piece of 100 percent wholegrain toast along with a cup of 100 percent fruit juice. Q: What is recommended for a healthy breakfast? Long conversation M: I love working out! W: Ugh! Youre sweating all over the floor M: I just ran five miles! A friend told me about this great park on Jefferson Street. I love exploring new parks! W: I try running at the gym three days a week, but its so boring looking at the TV monitor or the wall in front of me for an hour. M: You should run outside! Being in nature, enjoying the beautiful flowers and the trees, I feel my mind relax and the stress just falls away. W: It is nice outside. My mom loves tai chi and a nearby tai chi group meets every morning at 6 a.m. Ive tried going, but its too early for me to get out of bed M: Tai chi is really good. You need some kind of exercise. Its unhealthy for you to sit in front of your computer all day, every day! W: Well, I recently spend my weekends away from my computer. M: Oh really? And what have you done recently that didnt involve a computer or TV screen? W: Pandas! I just went to the San Diego Zoo with my sister on Saturday! They have one of the best panda exhibits in the US. The mother panda is from Wolong, China, and had had six baby pandas by 2012 since arriving at the San Diego Zoo in September of 1996. M: Oh, I bet baby pandas are amazing! Hey! Maybe you should get a zoo membership and go jogging in the zoo! W: A zoo membership! Now thats a great idea! I love the San Diego Zoo. Its near my house, I can get good exercise and I can watch the baby pandas grow up! Q1: What has made the man sweat all over the floor? Q2: Why doesnt the woman go to practice tai chi with her mom? Q3: What does the woman normally do on weekends? Q4: Why does the man suggest the woman get a zoo membership? Passage 1 Have you ever felt you dont have enough hours in the day? Or that youd give anything for a whole day to catch up with yourself? Well, here are some ideas that work for me. First of all, make a to-do list every day and set clear priorities. The trick here isnt making the list; thats the easy part. The trick is making the priorities. I look at my list and put a star next to anything that is really urgent. Then I put the number “2” next to anything that will just take a couple of minutes. I actually do these quick tasks before I get on with the urgent ones; its a bit like clearing off the top of your desk before sitting down to write that important letter. Second, know when is the most productive time of day for you and do your work or study then. One of the shocking discoveries I made about myself is that if I get up at 5 a.m., I can do a days work and even fit breakfast in before half past nine. Of course, if you are an early bird, it can be difficult to accomplish tasks that involve