高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧课件.ppt

阅读理解题型及解题技巧,阅读体裁经过多年的发展与创新，高考英语阅读理解的选材特点、命题特点以及语篇的词数都相对稳定。阅读理解文章的语言材料一般都是原汁原味的英语文章，即inEnglish,aboutEnglish(cultures，countries，etc.)。材料涉及内容广，选材方面突出环保、人物传记、社会风俗、大众科普、广告、文学作品、时文报道等。（历届高考体裁）,题型及解题技巧,细节理解,考向一事实认定类1特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how，much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。2判断是非的形式。含有true/false，nottrue/false或except等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3以“accordingto.”开头的提问形式。4填空形式。,常见问题形式有：1.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/howoften,etc.?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?3.Accordingtothepassage,Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?4.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_.5.Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat_.6.Choosethebestorderinwhichthepeopledo_.7.Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept?8.Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept,HooverDamlies_.A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB,Sample1,ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.,HooverDamlies_.A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB,Sample1,Sample2,WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.,MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.,Sample2,WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.,moved,MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.,taken,Accordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis.Agreenhousegasemissions(散发)inindustrializednationsBhighersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaCcontinuousglobalwarmingDrisingsealevels,Sample3,reportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusauallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.,connect,to,Accordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis.Agreenhousegasemissions(散发)inindustrializednationsBhighersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaCcontinuousglobalwarmingDrisingsealevels,Sample3,LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsBsignanagreementwithTuvaluCallowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal,Sample4,LaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocol,aninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions,whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.“Byrefusingtosigntheagreement,theUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluantolivethere,”LaupepatoldtheBBC.,LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsBsignanagreementwithTuvaluCallowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal,Sample4,(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生),?,JackLondonslastdayswere_.A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyones,Sample5,JackLondonwasafamousAmericanwriter.Heburnedhimselfoutwhenhewas40.Hethoughtofhismother,Flora,whohadneverbeenaveryresponsibleperson.Hewassureshewasmentallyillandthathewasbecominglikeher.Atlasthebecametootiredtocare.Hewouldnotworkandcontinuedtospendmoneyhedidnothave.Hewouldnotchangehislife,orhiswriting,perhapshecouldnot.,JackLondonslastdayswere_.A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyones,Sample5,考向二数字计算类数字计算题可涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等方面的数字计算。,Youhavetopayatleast_ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000,Sample6,TuitionFees(学费)Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment,generallyfrom$5,000to$6,000ayear.Forfurtherinformation:tuiwaikatoacnz.Accommodation(住宿)Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation:accwaikatoacnz,$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000,Youhavetopayatleast_ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000,Sample6,考向三顺序排列类排列顺序类细节理解题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后要求学生根据文章内容对选项中的事实进行排序。,Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdcB.bacdC.acbdD.bcad,Sample7,Peoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists.Onceatthestore,ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem(系统)thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore.Ifyourelookingfortoothpicks,youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist,andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem.,Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdcB.bacdC.acbdD.bcad,Sample7,主旨大意,考查考生,加工与浓缩信息的能力,如何做主旨大意题,做此类题目时，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,1.标题类常见的题型:,1.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_.2.Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled.3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?,题干表现形式,1.Thispassagechieflydealswith_.2.Whatsthetopicofthearticle?3.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?4.Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?,2：大意类（文章和段落）常见题型,Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassageis_.Thepassageismeantto_Thepurposeofthisarticleis_,3：目的类常见题型,主题句呈现的形式,A.文首,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。,sample1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?,Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.,Sample2,Sample3,Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.,B.文尾,在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。,sample4Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi-onalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance,sample5Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.,C.文中,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。,sample6Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only79.Twodayssale.Hu-rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSale,(detail)(detail)(detail),sample7Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.,无主题句,即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,sample8TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.,detail,detail,detail,TypesOfParagraphStructures,Atthebeginning,Attheend,Inthemiddle,Nocleartopicsentence,forexample,so,therefore,特别注意：,文章中的but,however,asaresult,therefore等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。而forexample,first,ortobeginwith等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。,PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildrensdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.,Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram,Howtogetthemainideaofapassage?,PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildrensdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.,Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram,59.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.Childrensreadingdifficulties.B.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.,details,Paragraphideas,Passageidea,猜测词义,词义猜测题着重考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。,QuestionForm,(1)Theword“”inLinemeans/canbebestreplacedby(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“”suggests(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“”is/refersto(4)Theword“”isclosestinmeaningto,1.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?2.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans“_”3.Theword“it/they”inthelastsentencerefersto“_”4.Whatdoesthephrase“_”inParagraph1mean?5.Theunderlinedword“_”inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby“_”,根据解释确定词义,技巧1,1.Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.2.Theotherquestionedtheveracity-thetruthfulnessofthesereports.,3.Heisaresoluteman,oncehesetsupagoal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.4.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.,根据对比确定词义,技巧2,Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.,根据逻辑确定词义,技巧3,Ifyouarecapableofworkingtwelvehoursadaywithoutarest,andifyoucanengageinphysicalexerciseforhourswithoutseemingtogettired,thenyouareindefatigable.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧4,Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans_.AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingout,RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧4,Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans_.AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingout,利用构词法猜测词义,技巧5,利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义,技巧6,1.TheoffspringofapairofbirdsleavethenestwhentheyarebigenoughtoflyAchildrenBancestorsCgenerationsDmates2.ThereisastackofpapersonMr.GreensdeskApieceBbalanceCmixtureDpile,Trytodothefollowingexercises:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义,3.Beforeyoubuysomething，checkthequalityfirstForexample,ifitischeap,itmightnotbegoodAhowgooditisBwhatthecolorisCwhatthesizeisDhowbigitis4.Pleasegivemeyourrecipeforthiscake，soIcanmakeittooAadishBdirectionsforcookingCamealDdirectionstoyourhouse,5.Beforeababylearnstowalk,ithastocrawlonthefloorAwalkontwofeetBflyCsitinachairDmoveonthehandsandknees6.Mr.BrownisanamateurphotographerHeisanengineerButinhisfreetimehelikestotakepicturesA.asahobbyBformoneyCasajobDaswork,7.ThissmallChristmastreeismadeofplasticItisnotarealtreeItisartificialA.beautifulB.notnaturalC.foraspecialholidayDinanartmuseum8.whalesandelephantsaregiganticanimalsNootheranimalscancomparewiththeminsizeA.smallBlandCseaDhuge,9.Thekiwilaysthelar