中考英语复习宾语从句学案.docx

宾语从句 讲与练 讲义-中考英语备考考点讲解1宾语从句【概念】（1）宾语从句：宾语从句是名词性从句的一种宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句但是在初中阶段，主要要求学生掌握动词的宾语从句例如：John said that he was good at swimming约翰说他擅长游泳My teacher asked me why I was late for school我的老师问我为什么上学迟到了（2）连接词引导宾语从句的连接词分为：从属连词，连接代词、连接副词从属连词：that，whether，if连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever连接副词：when，where，why，how，whenever，however【用法】（1）宾语从句的引导词由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句用在如say，think，wish，hope，see，believe，agree，expect，hear，feel等动词后连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略例如：The radio says （that） it will be cloudy tomorrow无线电报道明天将要阴天Tom's mother told him （that） Mary was a good girl汤姆的妈妈告诉他玛丽是个好姑娘由连词if、whether 引导的宾语从句if、whether主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序whether，if 意思是"是否"，在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换例如：I don't know if/whether the sports meeting will be put off我不知道是否运动会将会推迟The teacher asked if/whether they could hand in their homework on time 老师问是否他们能准时交上作业以连接代词which，what，who等或连接副词how，where，why 等引导的宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序例如：I want to know what he has told you我想知道他告诉了你什么She always thinks of how she can work well她总是在想怎样能把工作做好（2）宾语从句的时态当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态例如：I want to know what time he got up this morning我想知道他今天早上什么时候起床的I know she has studied English since 2010我知道她自从2010年以来已经学英语了当主句为一般过去时态时，从句要用于过去有关的时态例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开我们去美国了He asked what Jim was doing now他问吉姆现在在做什么当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时例如：My brother asked whether light travels faster than sound我弟弟问光是否比声音传播得快Mary said no news is a good news玛丽说没有消息就是好消息【易混淆点】注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外当从句做介词的宾语时，只用whether不用ifWe are talking about whether we'll go shopping我们正在谈论我们是否将去购物引导词与动词不定式或 not连用时，只用whetherPlease let me know what we can do next请让我知道我们下一步能做什么Could you tell me whether you have a beautiful dog or not？你能告诉我你是否你又一条漂亮的狗吗？if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whetherWe can go by bus if it rains heavily tomorrow如果明天下大雨，我们可以乘公交车去【解题方法点拨】1、牢记所有的宾语从句要陈述语序，这也是考试的重点和难点例如：The teacher asked the students _Aif they were interested in dinosaurs      Bwhen was Albert Einstein bornCwhat they will do with the computers    Dhow many trees they have planted答案：A 解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D，答案A中的if 意为如果It makes no difference _Awhether will you come tomorrowBWhether or not will be pass the examCIf he will come to the meeting or notDWhether he will come to the meeting or not答案：D 解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉，if不能与not连用因此此题选D2、根据主句的时态，正确使用宾语从句的时态例如：We didn't know which room _Ahe lived            Bhe lived in             Cdid he live            Dhe lives in答案：B 解析：主句是一般过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态，排除D；宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除C；live是不及物动词，不能省略介词in，排除A故选 BOur teacher told us that the moon _ round the earth   Awent        Bturned      Cgo        Dturns答案：D 解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响故选 D3、准确把握宾语从句的引导词例如：He asked me _ I could sing the song"My Heart will Go On"   Aif     Bweather   Cwhat      Dthat答案：A  解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词，故删去D；weather 意为天气，根据句意应选AI am sure _ you said is true   Awhat    Bthat    Cwhich     Dwho答案：A 解析：根据句意应用what，做said 的内容，意思是"你所说的话"故选A【中考命题方向】宾语从句在中考是考查的重点，主要考查引导宾语从句的连词和代词的选择，宾语从句的语序，宾语从句的时态三个方面考查方式灵活多样，经常以单项选择、完形填空、动词填空、完成句子的形式考查，甚至书面表达也可以考查宾语从句练习一选择题（共20小题）1 I don't know _for England next week.（）Awhen they will leaveBwhen they would leaveCwhen will they leaveDwhen would they leave2Do you know               ？In the 1960s（）Awhere Havoc in Heaven was createdBwhen Havoc in Heaven was createdCwhere was Havoc in Heaven createdDwhen was Havoc in Heaven created3He wonders           .（）Awhat's wrong with his computerBhow far is it from here to the parkChow he can call the manDwhich was the way to the nearest bus stop4 Ants use smell to tell other ants _.（）Awhere is the food Bwhere the food isCwhere was the food Dwhere the food was5 When will your sister come to Beijing？ I don't know _.（）Awhen she will come Bwhen will she comeCwhen she comes Dwhen does she come6Doyen App is popular now. Can you tell me _？I guess it is because the videos in Doyen can make them feel relaxed.Ahow I can download（下载）itBwhy people like to use itCwhen I should use it7Peter，we have a new classmate today. Do you know_？Shanghai. His parents work here，and he comes with them.Awhy he likes math Bwhen his birthday is Cwhere he is from8 Tim Cook，CEO of Apple Inc.，made an effort to describe             when iPhone 12 came out.（）Awhether 5 G technology will change people's life or notBwhy 5 G technology would improve the customers' experienceChow soon would 5 G technology be widely used around the worldDthat 5 G technology makes higherquality video streaming9 Do you know    to him last week？（）Awhat happened Bwhat is happeningCwhat happening Dwhat happens10Do you know _ meeting？Tomorrow morning.（）Awhen they had Bwhen they will haveCwhen did they have D when will they have11Could you tell me_？I'm sorry. I broke it yesterday. （）Awhat was wrong with my bikeBwhat my bike is wrongCwhat's wrong with my bike12I'd like to know _.Sorry，maybe next Sunday. This weekend is quite full for me.Awhen you can fix up the broken phoneBwhat time she gets off the busChow you will clean up the living roomDwhere my cousin will move to13 I wonder _. It's about an unusual experience of a little girl.（）Awhat is the book aboutBwhat the book is aboutChow can I get the bookDhow I can get the book14 Do you know            ？ Let me see. Maybe at 3：10.Awhere the last class finishesBwhere does the last class finishCwhen the last class finishesDwhen does the last class finish15I wonder _.Why not？（）Athat you'd like to come with usBwhether you'd like to come with usCwhen would you like to come with usDhow would you like to come with us16I want to know _She is a little short.（）Awhat does your sister look likeBwhat your sister looks likeCwhat is your sister likeDwhat your sister is like17 Bruce，I am still not sure _. Why not？No one is better than you in our class.（）Awhere I can join the competitionBwhether I should take part in the competitionChow can I prepare for the competitionDwho can I ask for information about the competition18 I can't find her. I don't know _.（）Awhere she live Bwhere does she liveCwhere she lives Dwhere is she live19Could you tell me _ the coat？ Sure. In Niaspan store.Awhere you bought Bwhen you boughtChow you bought20Excuse me，could you tell me_？Sure. Go along the street to the end. It's just on your right.Awhere is the Science MuseumBhow can I get to the Science MuseumCwhich is the way to the Science MuseumDis there a Science Museum near here参考答案与试题解析一选择题（共20小题）1 I don't know _for England next week.（）Awhen they will leaveBwhen they would leaveCwhen will they leaveDwhen would they leave【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】我不知道他们下周什么时候离开这里去英国。【解答】结合句意，我不知道他们下周什么时候离开这里去英国。根据宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，排除C和D，再结合时态，主语是一般现在时，从句要看next week，它提示需要用一般将来时，所以用when they will leave.故选：A。【点评】先根据语序排除不合适的选项，然后根据语境选择恰当的一项。2Do you know               ？In the 1960s（）Awhere Havoc in Heaven was createdBwhen Havoc in Heaven was createdCwhere was Havoc in Heaven createdDwhen was Havoc in Heaven created【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】你知道大闹天宫什么时候创作的吗？在20世纪60年代。【解答】结合句意，你知道大闹天宫_创作的吗？在20世纪60年代。结合回复的是时间，可知引导词排除where，排除A，C选项，宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除D选项。故选：B。【点评】先根据语序排除不合适的选项，然后根据语境选择恰当的一项。3He wonders           .（）Awhat's wrong with his computerBhow far is it from here to the parkChow he can call the manDwhich was the way to the nearest bus stop【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】他想知道他的电脑出了什么毛病？【解答】A.他的电脑出了什么毛病？主语是what，陈述语序；B.从这到公园有多远？疑问语序；C.他怎样能给那个人打电话？陈述语序，疑问词不恰当；D.哪一条是去最近的公车站的路？陈述语序，一般过去时。根据所给答案，可知此句是宾语从句，使用陈述语序，排除选项B；主句时态是一般现在时，排除选项D；选项C疑问词不恰当。故选：A。【点评】确定宾语从句后，结合语序及时态的问题可以确定答案。要注意疑问词做主语的情况。4 Ants use smell to tell other ants _.（）Awhere is the food Bwhere the food isCwhere was the food Dwhere the food was【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】蚂蚁用气味告诉其他蚂蚁食物在哪里。【解答】根据题干 "Ants use smell to tell other ants_？"和选项可知，此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句三要素：语序，时态，引导词；宾语从句要用陈述句语序，选项A和C为疑问句语序，排除。结合主句时态"Ants use smell to tell other ants "的时态为一般现在时态和意思"蚂蚁用气味告诉其他蚂蚁"，可知宾语从句的时态为一般现在时态，排除D。故选：B。【点评】宾语从句三要素：语序，时态，引导词，可作为解题时的技巧。做题时一般先观察是否使用陈述语序，结合语境可确定句子的时态；最后根据答句来确定最终答案。5 When will your sister come to Beijing？ I don't know _.（）Awhen she will come Bwhen will she comeCwhen she comes Dwhen does she come【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】你姐姐什么时候来北京？不知道她什么时候来。【解答】根据题干 "I don't know _？"和选项可知，此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句三要素：语序，时态；引导词，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，选项BD为疑问句语序，排除。根据问句，可知宾语从句的时态为一般将来时态，故宾语从句的时态也为一般将来时态。故选：A。【点评】宾语从句三要素：语序，时态，引导词，可作为解题时的技巧。做题时一般先观察是否使用陈述语序，结合语境可确定句子的时态；最后根据答句来确定最终答案。6Doyen App is popular now. Can you tell me _？I guess it is because the videos in Doyen can make them feel relaxed.Ahow I can download（下载）itBwhy people like to use itCwhen I should use it【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】抖音现在很流行。你能告诉我为什么人们喜欢用它吗？我想这是因为抖音的视频可以让他们感到放松。【解答】根据下文it is because可知是阐述原因，因此是询问为什么，用why。故选：B。【点评】此题考查宾语从句，根据语境结合选项的汉语意思进行分析作答。7Peter，we have a new classmate today. Do you know_？Shanghai. His parents work here，and he comes with them.Awhy he likes math Bwhen his birthday isCwhere he is from【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】彼得，今天我们有一个新同学。你知道他来自哪儿吗？上海。他父母在这儿工作，他和他们一起来了。【解答】根据答语"Shanghai. His parents work here，and he comes with them."上海。他父母在这儿工作，他和他们一起来了。可知回答的是地点，因此宾语从句的引导词应是where。结合语境，可知是问新同学来自哪儿？故选：C。【点评】掌握宾语从句的结构和用法，结合上下文确定答案。8 Tim Cook，CEO of Apple Inc，made an effort to describe             when iPhone 12 came out.（）Awhether 5 G technology will change people's life or notBwhy 5 G technology would improve the customers' experienceChow soon would 5 G technology be widely used around the worldDthat 5 G technology makes higherquality video streaming【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】苹果有限公司的首席执行官蒂姆库克努力描述当iPhone 12出来的时候，为什么5 G技术将会改善客户体验。【解答】根据题干和语境，可知句子是含有宾语从句的主从复合句，从句应用陈述语序，因此排除C；根据主句谓语动词"made"，可知主句用的是过去时，从句需用过去相关的时态，因此排除A和D。而B时态和语序都是正确的，并且符合语境，即苹果有限公司的首席执行官蒂姆库克努力描述当iPhone 12出来的时候，为什么5 G技术将会改善客户体验。故选：B。【点评】掌握宾语从句的结构和用法，结合宾语从句三要素分析各个选项，给出答案。9 Do you know    to him last week？（）Awhat happened Bwhat is happeningCwhat happening Dwhat happens【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】你知道上周他发生了什么事吗？【解答】根据时间状语"last week"上周，可知发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，因此是what happened。故选：A。【点评】掌握时态的概念和构成，根据时间状语或标志词，结合上下文确定时态。10 Do you know _ meeting？Tomorrow morning.（）Awhen they had Bwhen they will haveCwhen did they have Dwhen will they have【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】你知道他们什么时候开会吗？明天早上。【解答】根据答语"Tomorrow morning"明天早上，可知句子应用一般将来时，根据题干，可知句子是when引导的宾语从句的主从复合句，从句要用陈述语序。故选：B。【点评】掌握时态的判断方法和结构，以及宾语从句的结构和用法，结合题干和语境，给出答案。11（2021春哈尔滨期中）Could you tell me_？I'm sorry.I broke it yesterday. （）Awhat was wrong with my bikeBwhat my bike is wrongCwhat's wrong with my bike【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】你能告诉我我的自行车出了什么问题吗？对不起，我昨天弄坏了。【解答】根据题干 "Could you tell me_？"和选项可知，此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句三要素：语序，时态；引导词，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，选项B语序不正确，排除。由答句中回答"I broke it yesterday"可知，宾语从句的时态为一般过去时态，排除C。故选：A。【点评】宾语从句三要素：语序，时态，引导词，可作为解题时的技巧。做题时一般先观察是否使用陈述语序，结合语境可确定句子的时态；最后根据答句来确定最终答案。12 I'd like to know _.Sorry，maybe next Sunday. This weekend is quite full for me.Awhen you can fix up the broken phoneBwhat time she gets off the busChow you will clean up the living roomDwhere my cousin will move to【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】 我想知道你什么时候能修理这个坏掉的手机。 抱歉，可能是下周日。这个周末对我来说很忙。【解答】根据题干 "I'd like to know _？"和选项可知，此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句三要素：语序，时态；引导词，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，选项都为陈述句语序。由答句中回答"maybe next Sunday.""可能是下周日"，可知宾语从句的引导词为when ，排除BCD。故选：A。【点评】宾语从句三要素：语序，时态，引导词，可作为解题时的技巧。做题时一般先观察是否使用陈述语序，结合语境可确定句子的时态；最后根据答句来确定最终答案。13  I wonder _. It's about an unusual experience of a little girl.（）Awhat is the book aboutBwhat the book is aboutChow can I get the bookDhow I can get the book【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】我想知道这本书是关于什么的。这是关于一个小女孩不寻常的经历。【解答】宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除A和C。再结合翻译，因为回答的是"这是关于一个小女孩不寻常的经历"，可知应该是在问"这本书是关于什么的"。故选：B。【点评】宾语从句主要考查3大知识点，引导词、语序和时态。考生在作答时要从这3方面着手，所以平时要牢记宾语从句的这三大考点。14（2021春全南县期中） Do you know            ？ Let me see. Maybe at 3：10.Awhere the last class finishesBwhere does the last class finishCwhen the last class finishesDwhen does the last class finish【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】你知道最后一节课什么时候结束吗？让我想想。也许3点10分吧。【解答】宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除B和D。结合回答"也许3点10分吧。"可知问的是时间。故选：C。【点评】宾语从句主要考查3大知识点，引导词、语序和时态。考生在作答时要从这3方面着手，所以平时要牢记宾语从句的这三大考点。15I wonder _.Why not？（）Athat you'd like to come with usBwhether you'd like to come with usCwhen would you like to come with usDhow would you like to come with us【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】我想知道你是否愿意和我们一起去。为什么不呢？【解答】宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除CD。再结合wonder，可知宾语从句含有疑问的语气，使用whether。故选：B。【点评】宾语从句主要考查3大知识点，引导词、语序和时态。考生在作答时要从这3方面着手，所以平时要牢记宾语从句的这三大考点。16I want to know _She is a little short.（）Awhat does your sister look likeBwhat your sister looks likeCwhat is your sister likeDwhat your sister is like【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】我想知道你妹妹长什么样。她有点矮。【解答】宾语从句要用陈述语序，排A和除C。根据回答"她有点矮。"可知是对外表进行提问。故选：B。【点评】宾语从句主要考查3大知识点，引导词、语序和时态。考生在作答时要从这3方面着手，所以平时要牢记宾语从句的这三大考点。17 Bruce，I am still not sure _. Why not？No one is better than you in our class.（）Awhere I can join the competitionBwhether I should take part in the competitionChow can I prepare for the competitionDwho can I ask for information about the competition【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】布鲁斯，我还是不确定我是否应该参加比赛。为什么不呢？在我们班上没有人比你更好。【解答】宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除C和D。再结合回答"为什么不呢？在我们班上没有人比你更好。"可知询问的应该是"我还是不确定我是否应该参加比赛。"故选：B。【点评】宾语从句主要考查3大知识点，引导词、语序和时态。考生在作答时要从这3方面着手，所以平时要牢记宾语从句的这三大考点。18 I can't find her. I don't know _.（）Awhere she live Bwhere does she liveCwhere she lives Dwhere is she live【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】我找不到她，我不知道她住在哪里。【解答】宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除BD。主语she，第三人称单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式lives。故选：C。【点评】宾语从句主要考查3大知识点，引导词、语序和时态。考生在作答时要从这3方面着手，所以平时要牢记宾语从句的这三大考点。19Could you tell me _ the coat？ Sure. In Niaspan store.Awhere you bough tBwhen you boughtChow you bought【考点】宾语从句版权所有【分析】你能告诉我你在哪里买的外套吗？当然可以。在霞山店。【解答】宾语从句要用陈述语序。再结合回答In Xiashan store，可知，应该在问地点。故选：A。【点评】宾语从句主要考查3大知识点，引导词、语序和时态。考生在作答时要从这3方面着手，所以平时要牢记宾语从句的这三大考点。20Excuse me，could you tell me_？Sure. Go along the street to t