Unit8Grammar知识讲解--牛津译林版八年级英语下册.docx

U8 Grammar 知识讲解考点精讲句1：What will be displayed at the show? 这次展览会将展示什么？display v.展示；陈列 例句:1. By law all restaurants must display their prices outside. 根据法律，所有餐厅都必须在店外明示用餐价格。2. Could you display this poster in your window? 你能把这张海报陈列在你的橱窗吗？【拓展延申】 display 也可作名词：陈列，展览短语：on display 提出，与on show 同义 句2：.so many of them are polluted. . 因此许多湖泊河流被污染了。 考点1：pollute v. 污染 常用搭配：pollute sth. with/ by sth. 某物污染了某物 be badly/ heavily/seriously polluted 被严重污染例句：1. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. 水污染杀死了我们的鱼，污染了我们的饮用水。2. The water was polluted by waste from the factory. 工厂排放的垃圾污染了水。 3. The fish in the pond died off because the water was seriously polluted. 池塘里的鱼都相继死去，因为水被严重污染了。 【拓展延申】pollution 是不可数名词：污染 Now the environmental pollution is too serious. 现在环境污染太严重了。句3. As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution. 不仅人类，动物也受到了污染的危害。 考点1：as well as 也，还，除.之外 as well as 后的内容是顺便提及，强调的主体是另一项，当as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要与as well as 前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例句：1. They visited some factories as well as the school. 他们不但参观了这所学校，还参观了一些工厂。 2. Jim as well as his friends has gone to the park already. 吉姆和他的朋友已经去了公园。【拓展延伸】 as well as 还可以用来表示同级比较：与.一样好 He plays the piano as well as his sister. 他弹钢琴弹得和他妹妹一样好。 牛刀小试：-I'm planning to climb Mount Huang this summer. Would you like to come along?-Wow!That would be challenging_exciting I'm in!A.as well as B. as good asC.as long as D. as far as考点2：harm v. 伤害;损害We may use many facts to prove smoking harms human health. 我们可以用很多事实来证明吸烟损害人类健康。【拓展延伸】(1) harm 也可作名词："伤害,损害"。常用短语有: do harm to."伤害" 例句：Air pollution has done much harm to our health. 空气污染给我们的健康造成了很大的伤害。(2) harmful 是形容词："有害的,导致损害的"，其反义词是harmless "无害的,不会导致损伤的"。常用短语有:be harmful/harmless to."对有害/无害",be harmful to.相当于do harm to.或 be bad for.Noise is a kind of pollution and it is harmful to our hearing.噪音是一种污染,对我们的听力有害。This medicine is harmless to human beings. 这种药对人类无害。Fruit juices can be harmful to children's teeth. Fruit juices can do harm to children's teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。牛刀小试：用所给词的适当形式填空。Drinking too much juice ca be_(harm) to people's teeth.句4：If we do not act to improve the environment. more living things will be killed/are going to be killed by pollution. 如果我们不采取行动来改普环境，更多的生物会因污染而死亡。living adj.活着的，活的 【易混解析】living、live,alive 与lively四者作形容词时的区别: living“活着的”，主要用作定语,常置于名词之前。也可用作表语。 live "活的;现场直播的"通常作定语.位于名词前。 alive意为”活着的,在世的"，是表语形容词,既可修饰人也可修饰物。作定语时,应将其放在被修饰的名词后面。 lively"生动的,活泼的,充满生气的",用作表语或定语,可用来修饰人或物。例句：1. Every living person has a name.每一个活着的人都有一个名字。2. We saw a real live snake. 我们看见了一条活生生的蛇。3. The club has live music most nights. 这个俱乐部大多数晚上有现场演奏的音乐。4. The tiger is still alive.那只老虎仍然活着。5. All the other soldiers were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive.所有其他的士兵都阵亡了，他是唯一活着的人。6. John was bright and lively. 约翰聪明又活泼。 【拓展延伸】living 也可作可数名词："生计,谋生"。常用短语为: make a living"谋生"。例句：1. When a man is out of job, he will do anything for a living. 如果一个人失业了，为了生计他什么都会做的。2. Many farmers rely on their sheep and cows to make a living.许多农民依靠他们的绵羊和奶牛维持生计。句5：All of us will have a chance to think about the world around us. 我们所有人都会有机会思考一下我们周围的世界。 考点1：think about考虑，思考think about 是动词短语，其中about是介词,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语。例句：1. I can't tell you now-I'll have to think about it.我现在无法告诉你,我得考虑一下。2. I'm thinking about buying a present for my mother.我正在考虑给我妈妈买一件礼物。【拓展延伸】think of "考虑;想出;记得,想起"，其中of为介词,后可接名词、代词或动词-ing 作宾语。注意：表示”考虑”时，think about 和think of可互换。例句：1. She is thinking of changing her job. 她正在考虑换工作。2. Lucy thought of a way to raise money. 露西想出了一个集资的办法。(2)think over "仔细考虑;慎重思考",其中over是副词,如果名词作宾语,名词放在两者之间或over之后均可,如果代词作宾语,代词只能放在两者之间。例句：1. He'd like more time to think things over. 他希望有更多的时间把事情考虑周详。2. Think it over, and you will solve the problem. 仔细考虑,你会解决这个问题的。学科网（北京）股份有限公司