高三英语二轮语法专题复习学案：定语从句.docx
High School EnglishGuided Learning PlanContributor: Ethan Time: 2 June 2022TopicAttributive ClausesLesson TypeNewLearning Objectives定语从句在主从复合句中作定语，修饰名词、代词等的从句叫定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对先行词起限制作用，非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明作用，拿掉之后其他部分仍然成立（限制性定语从句则不能）。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明）不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词that或why来引导可以省略关系词（that, who, which在从句中但当宾语时可以省略）关系词作宾语不可省略可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who/that替代）不可用who替代whom只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分（先行词通常是名词、代词或词组）修饰整个主句或主句的一部分翻译成“的”往往不译为“的”The area along the Yellow River is the place which must be protected.（沿黄河的地区是必须要保护的地方。）(限制性) (which指the place)My cousin, who is an engineer, travelled to France on a business trip last month.（我的表弟是工程师，他上个月去法国出差。）(非限制性) (who指my cousin)依据定语从句中所缺少的成分确定选用关系代词还是关系副词：(1) 关系代词在定语从句中作 、 、 或 ；(2) 关系副词在定语从句中作状语。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1that, which引导的定语从句(1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.（她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。）(2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that 不用which的情况：先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等不定代词时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.（我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。）先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Beijing was the Palace Museum.（他们在北京参观的第一个地方是故宫。）先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。She is the only person that understands me.（她是唯一理解我的人。）The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.（这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。）先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well known now.（你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。）They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.（他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。）(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况：关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。Tom came back, which made us happy.（汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。）The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.（这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。）当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词关系代词”结构时。We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.（我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。）2as引导的定语从句(1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same先行词as .”结构中。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.（像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。）注：which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。如：Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.（莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。）(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。“You cant judge a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes.（正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”）which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别：whichas先行词先行词可以是一个名词，也可以是一个句子先行词只能是句子位置只能放在先行词的后面位置灵活，可位于句前、句中也可置于句后搭配无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等词意意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像的那样”She married again, as we expected.（正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。）The meeting, which was held at our school, was a success.（那个会是在我们学校开的，很成功。）She married again, which was unexpected.（她再婚了，这是始料不及的。）3who, whom, whose引导的定语从句(1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。His wife, who is a famous actress, will visit America.（他妻子，一位著名演员，将要访问美国。）Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.（我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。）I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards.（我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。）(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。The house, whose roof was damaged, has now been repaired.（那栋屋顶损坏了的房子现在已经修好了。）The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.（这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。）二、关系副词引导的定语从句1where 引导的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on .which”。Opposite is St.Pauls Church, where you can hear some lovely music.Opposite is St.Pauls Church, in which you can hear some lovely music.（对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。）This is the village where we worked ten years ago.（这就是十年前我们工作过的那个村庄。）注：当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。如：They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.（他们已经到了必须分手的地步。）2when 引导的定语从句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during .which”结构。I will never forget the day when Shenzhou was sent up into space.（我永远不会忘记神舟十号发射升空的那一天。）I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.（我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。）3why引导的定语从句why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。Do you know the reason why he is absent?（你知道他缺席的原因吗？）注：非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。如：I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.（我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。）三、“介词关系词”引导的定语从句1介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：(1)先行词的意义；(2)从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；(3)句子的意思。Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.（皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。）(be devoted to “献身，致力于”)Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.（心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。）Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.（最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。）2“of关系代词”引导的定语从句在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。He had a lot of friends, none of whom would offer help to him when he was in trouble.（他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。）3“介词where”引导的定语从句有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.（我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。）His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.（他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。）(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)随堂练习单句改错1I finally knew the reason what she didnt talk to me and comforted her.2However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those which prefer reading articles about learning methods.3I made friends with the daughter of my homestay family, which was a college student.4I am a 25yearold young man graduated from Jilin University.5You can also make more Chinese friends, they will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.6And I am unfamiliar with the language style of the speech article, that is totally different from the common article.1whatwhy 2whichwho 3whichwho 4man后加who/that或graduatedgraduating 5theywho或they前加and 6thatwhich5学科网（北京）股份有限公司
