高三英语二轮语法专题复习学案：介词.docx

High School EnglishGuided Learning PlanContributor: Ethan Time: 14 March 2022TopicPrepositionsLesson TypeNewLearning Objectives介词一、介词1表示方位的at，in，on，to，beside/by和near介词用法示例at一般指在较小的地方I met him at the shop.in一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内They arrived in Beijing yesterday.Shandong Province lies in the east of China.on一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域The picture is hanging on the wall.Vietnam is on the south of China.to表示某范围外不接壤的两位置Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Hebei.beside/by“在的旁边”She was standing beside her mother.There is a small house by the river.near“接近；靠近”There is a supermarket near my home.2表示方位的between和among介词用法示例between在两者或每两者之间I sat down between Sue and Jane.among在三者或三者以上之间The teacher was standing among the students.3表示方位的across，through，over和past介词用法示例across从的表面穿过He walked across the square to meet us. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet. through从的内部穿过The guide led us through the forest.over从的上面跨过The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.past从的旁边经过She walked past the shop.4表示时间点的at，in和on介词用法示例at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日at 9: 00; at noon; at daybreak; at Christmasin表示在某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚in the 21st century; in September; in the morningon表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上on 2nd, September; on the morning of 1st, May5表示时间段的for和since介词用法示例for“for时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间状语He has lived in the small village for five years.I studied in Peking University for 4 years.since“since时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，作完成时的时间状语He has worked in this company since graduation. Tom has been doing his homework since 7 oclock.6表示交通方式的by，in和on介词用法示例by“by名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词My brother usually goes to school by bike.in/onin/on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰My father often goes to work in his car/on his bicycle.7表示“用”的by，in和with介词用法示例by指“靠手段，用方法，凭借”He made a living by selling newspapers when he was young.in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前They are required to fill in the form in ink.with多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官的名词前They are busy digging with spades.As far as I know, workers are generally paid by the month.（据我所知，工人们的工资通常按月来付。）8表示“除外”的except，except for和besides介词用法示例except表示“除之外(其他的都)”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除All my friends took part in the party except John.except for其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.besides表示“除之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的He has learned German, French besides English.9其他介词(1)against的用法含义示例（表示态度）反对An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.（表示对比）以为背景The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.（表示方位）倚靠着The girl was leaning against the wall with her arms folded.Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.（假期能帮助我们在工作中表现得更好，提高我们的睡眠质量和缓解忧愁。）(2)beyond的用法含义示例（表示位置）在另一边，在更远处The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.（表示时间）晚于He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.（表示程度）超出，非所能及To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.“I came to thank you,” she said, surprising me beyond speech.“我是来感谢你的。”她说。(听到这)让我惊讶地说不出话来。(3)over的用法含义示例（表示方位）越过The airplane flew over the mountains and disappeared in the distance.（表示等级或数目）高于，在之上，超过He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages.（表示时间或过程）在期间Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.Talks with the teachers' union over the weekend have averted a strike.（周末与教师工会举行的谈判避免了一场罢工。）Over coffee, she lit a cigarette, her eyes daring him to comment.（喝咖啡时，她点燃了一支烟，用挑衅的眼神看着他，谅他也不敢吭声。）(4)to的用法含义示例（表示方向、距离）到，向，去It was on the way to the railway station.（表示时间）直到为止，到He wakes at a quarter to six every morning.（表示比较、比例、参照）与相比，相对于而言I prefer oranges to apples.（表示对象关系）属于，对，给The hospital is attached to the university.达到（某一点或某个限度）Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero. (5)under的用法含义示例在下面，在之下She placed the ladder under the window.在过程中The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.（数字、数量、年龄或价格）低于，少于，在以下These toys are not suitable for children under five.受影响Shes been under a lot of pressure at work. (6)with的用法含义示例和一起，和，同，跟Would you like to go shopping with me?（表示同时或同一方向）随着With time going by, the little tree has grown up.具有，带有I dont have enough money with me.由于，因为He trembled with fear.（表示方式）用He cut it with a knife.二、介词短语1介词与名词的常用搭配(1)atn.表示状态at a loss 不知所措；亏本 at peace 处于和平中at war 在战争中 at work 在工作(2)其他以at开头的介词短语at the beginning of在的开始 at the cost of以的代价at the risk of冒的危险 at the mercy of在支配下；任由摆布(3)onn.表示状态on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加on holiday/vacation 在度假on duty/guard 在值班/站岗(4)其他以on开头的介词短语on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表on no account/condition 决不(5)byn.表示方式by accident/chance 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机by nature 天生地 by mistake 错误地(6)inn.表示方式in cash 用现金付款 in width/depth/length/height 在宽度/深度/长度/高度上in English 用英语 in detail 详细地(7)其他以in开头的介词短语in need of 需要 in no case/way 决不in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有in the charge of 在的管理下 in charge of 掌管in response to作为回应 in return 作为回报in spite of 尽管 in exchange for 作为交换in favor of 支持，赞成 in case of 万一；如果；假如in celebration of 为庆祝 in control of 管理；控制；操纵in honour of 为向表示敬意 in memory of 为了纪念in support of 为支持 in the direction of 在方向(8)ofn.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit 有益处的 of help 有帮助的of importance 重要的 of significance 有意义的of use 有用的 of value 有价值的(9)out ofn.表示状态out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 不受控制 out of date 过期out of shape 走样，不成形 out of order 混乱；出故障(10)undern.表示被动under attack 遭到袭击 under discussion 在讨论中under pressure 在压力下 under treatment 在治疗中under control 处于控制之中 under construction 在建造中(11)withn.表示方式with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地with pleasure 乐意地 with fear 害怕地2介词与形容词的常用搭配(1)beadj.aboutbe anxious about忧虑 be curious about对好奇be particular about对讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about对担心(2)beadj.atbe disappointed at对失望 be good at擅长be astonished at对吃惊 be present at出席(3)beadj.inbe absorbed in专注于 be active in积极于be rich in富含 be engaged/occupied in 忙于be interested in对感兴趣 be involved in包括在中，被卷入(4)beadj.forbe eager for渴望 be famous for以著名be fit for适合，胜任 be hungry for渴望be ready/ prepared for准备好 be sorry for对感到抱歉be thankful for因而感激 be anxious for急切盼望，渴望(5)beadj.frombe absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于be far from 远离 be free from 不受影响(6)beadj.to be close to接近 be contrary to与相反be devoted to致力于 be equal to等于be good to对有好处 be friendly to 对友好be grateful to对心存感激 be/get used to (变得)习惯于be opposed to反对 be similar to与相似(7)beadj.ofbe aware of意识到 be fond of喜欢be full of充满 be proud of因而自豪be ashamed of为感到羞耻 be tired of厌烦(8)beadj.withbe busy with忙于 be filled with充满 be combined with与结合 be satisfied/content/pleased with对满意be patient with对有耐心 be popular with受的欢迎be concerned with与有关；涉及，关心，关注随堂练习单句改错1Luckily, things have changed. Rubbish is always put into dustbins. People are friendly at animals.2Gathering around here, we practise spoken English by talking about everything we are interested.3I stared at everything as if I were looking at the first time.4Im going to study in the senior middle school on September; I can live either at school or at home.5While waiting the ambulance, I took off my coat to keep the old man warm.6As we all know, everyone has a dream. I have dreamed of being a doctor since I entered into the primary school.7She was so grateful about my help that she gave me a big hug when we were going to leave.8I believe its the best way to get close nature and enjoy its beauty.1atto/toward(s) 2interested后加in 3第二个atfor 4onin 5waiting后加for 6去掉into 7aboutfor 8close后加to7学科网（北京）股份有限公司