高三英语二轮语法专题复习学案：虚拟语气.docx

High School EnglishGuided Learning PlanContributor: Ethan Time: 14 March 2022TopicSubjunctive MoodLesson TypeNewLearning Objectives虚拟语气语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。一、if条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟情况主句条件从句与现在事实相反的假设主语would/could/should/might 动词原形if主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)与过去事实相反的假设主语would/could/should/might have过去分词if主语had过去分词与将来事实相反的假设主语would/could/should/might 动词原形if主语动词的过去式(be的过去式用were) if主语were to动词原形if主语should动词原形If I had time, I would go to the concert.（如果我有时间，我就去听音乐会了。）If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.（如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。）If I had practised more, I would have passed the driving exam.（如果我更多地练习的话，我就会通过驾照考试了。）If Mr. Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.（如果Dewey先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。）If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.（如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。）If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.（如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。）二、错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。If we had booked a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.（如果我们早一点订一张桌子，现在就不会站在这里排队了。）If you hadnt left home without a word, your parents wouldnt be so worried now.（要是你说句话再离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。）If you had taken the doctor's advice，you would be better now.（如果你接受了医生的建议，你现在就会好多了。）If Tang Ning were in town, I would have heard about it.（要是唐宁在城里，我肯定早已听说了。）三、if省略句在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。If I were in your position, I would study better.Were I in your position，I would study better.If you had come earlier，you would have met her.Had you come earlier，you would have met her.If he should come tomorrow，I would give him the dictionary.Should he come tomorrow，I would give him the dictionary.Were she my daughter, I wouldnt allow her to study abroad.（如果她是我的女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。）Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.（如果他赶上了早班火车，他就不会开会迟到了。）四、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出（暗含在上下文中）。But for your advice, I would have failed.If you hadnt given me advice, I would have failed.（如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。）Without your help, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.If you hadnt helped me, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.（没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。）We couldnt have finished the work in time without your help.（没有你的帮助，我们不可能及时完成了这项工作。）五、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中1主语从句在“It is important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/a pitythat . ”从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。It is strange that the poor old man (should) have been invited to his wedding.（那位贫穷老人竟然被邀请参加他的婚礼，真是奇怪。）It issuggested/advised/desired/proposed/ordered/demanded等that 从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.（人们建议会议推迟到下周。）It's suggested that the old man (should) be sent to hospital immediately.（有人建议说老人必须马上被送去医院。）2宾语从句用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。一主张：insist二命令：order, command三建议：suggest, advise, recommend四要求：request, require, ask, demand外加一个敦促：urge He demands that he (should) be told everything.（他要求将一切告诉他。）The school recommends parents not permit their children to swim in rivers or lakes during summer holidays.（学校建议父母在暑假别允许他们的小孩在河里或湖里游泳。）wish后的宾语从句分别用一般过去时、过去完成时和might/could/would动词原形。表示对现在、过去和将来的虚拟，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式(be用were)对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would/could/might动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.（我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。）I wish you had come to the lecture.（但愿你当时来听报告了。）We wish we would live on the moon one day.（但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。）I wish I could walk on the moon one day.（我希望有一天我能漫步于月球。）would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。When my father is upset, he would rather we left him alone.（当我的父亲烦恼的时候， 他更喜欢我们不打扰他。）Id rather you hadnt told me about it.（我宁愿你没有告诉我那件事。）Id rather that they hadn't heard of the news.（我宁愿他们没听到那些消息。）3表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion, proposal, order, idea(意见，想法), request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable.（你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。）My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.（我的想法是在接受它之前多多考虑一下。）He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once.（他命令部队马上撤退。）六、虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中1if only（要是就好了）引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。If only I were a flying bird!（多么希望我是一只飞鸟！）If only you hadn't met him!（要是你没遇见他就好了！）Look at the trouble were in. If only we had taken our teachers advice!（看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！）2在“It is (about/high) timethat从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气。Its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.（是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。）3as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。It seems as though it were spring already.（看起来好像已经是春天了一样。）(事实上不是)The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many times.（这个女孩对月球的描述非常逼真，就好像她去过月球很多次似的。）(事实上并没去过)随堂练习单句语法填空1We (face) the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?2Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he (do) something instead of just talking.3Frankly, Id rather you (not do) anything about it for the time being. The boss is very angry.4If you had told me in advance, I (meet) him at the airport.5My father suggests that I (take) enough sleep before the final examination.1could have faced 2did/should do 3didnt do 4would have met 5(should) take5学科网（北京）股份有限公司