中考英语定语从句解题技巧方法解析.docx

一、定语从句的概念和用法在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。如：A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飞机是一种会飞的机器。The boy who/that broke the window is called Mike.打破窗户的那个男孩叫迈克。The man （whom/who/that） I met in the street is my teacher.我在街上见到的那个人是我的老师。I will never forget the day when （on which） I joined the League.我将永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。This is the house where （in which） he lived ten years ago.这就是十年前他住过的房子。I know the reason why （for which） she missed the train. 我知道她没赶上火车的原因。上面六句中的machine，boy，man，day，house和reason是定语从句所修饰的词，叫作“先行词”。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系代词有that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当句子成分。例1：Its time to say goodbye to my school.Ill always remember the people_have helped me.A. who B. what C. which D. where解析：先行词指人，做主语，选A。例2：This is the novel_is written by Guo Jingming.A. who B. what C. that D. /解析：先行词指物，做主语，选C。例3：The shirt_John bought me fits me very well.A. which B. what C. as D. whose解析：先行词指物，做宾语，可省略，选A。例4：Thats the man_house was destroyed in the storm.A. that B. whose C. who D. which解析：先行词指人，做定语，选B。例5：Ten months has passed，but Chinese people still remember those exciting days_they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.A. that B. who C. when解析：先行词指时间，做宾语，可省略，选A。二、定语从句的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，不能省略，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。注意当“one of +复数名词”位于关系代词前做先行词时，从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式。例6：This is one of the books which_written by Lu Xun.A. am B. is C. was D. were解析：该题的先行词为books，故答案应为D。本句的意思为“这是鲁迅所写的书中的一本”。但当one前有the （only），the （very）等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。如：She is the only one of the girls who has learned French. 她是这些女孩中唯一一个学习法语的。三、只能用that引导的情况在下列情况下只能用that引导，不能用who或which引导：1.当先行词是all，none，one，any，few，little，much，everything，nothing，anything等不定代词时例7：Is there anything_I can do for you？A. what B. which C. that D. this解析：句意为“有什么我可以为你做的吗？”故答案为C。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时例8：This is the first place_we visited last year.A. where B. that C. which D. what解析：句意为“这就是去年我们首先参观的地方”。故答案为B。3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时例9：This is the best film_Ive ever seen.A. that B. which C. what D. it解析：句意为“这是我看过的最好的一部电影”。故答案为A。4. 当先行词被the very，the only，the last，any，every修饰时例10：This is the very book_I am looking for.A. it B. which C. this D. that解析：句意为“这正是我在寻找的那本书”。故答案为D。5. 当先行词既指人又指物时例11： They talked about things and persons_they remembered at school.A. who B. that C. whom D. which解析：句意为“他们谈到他们记得的在学校时的人和事”。故答案为B。6. 当先行词是疑问词who，what，which时例12：Who is the man_is working there？A. that B. who C. whom D. which解析：句意为“在那儿工作的人是谁？”故答案为A。四、只能用which不能用that引导的情况1. 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰某物或整个句子时例13：He takes a walk every day，_is good for his health.A. when B. it C. which D. that解析：句意为“他每天散步，这对他的健康有好处”。故答案为C。2. 当先行词在从句中做介词的宾语且介词前置时例14：The hotel at_we stayed was very small.A. where B. what C. that D. which解析：句意为“我们住的旅店很小”。故答案为D。学科网（北京）股份有限公司