第十五讲 固定短语搭配专题 讲义--高考英语一轮复习.docx

专题十九：固定短语搭配总结掌握短语搭配，英语成功之路就不远了哦!Part1：Ving短语（动名词作宾语）1. 认识动名词Ving动名词指的是动词ing形式的一种，具有动词和名词的特征，在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。但不能独自充当谓语。（1）Ving动名词作主语动名词作主语常用有两种句型：动名词作主语直接置于句首。Talking is easier than doing.Reading news can increase our knowledge.Watching news on TV has become a routine for me.Seeing is believing. 眼见为实动名词作主语太长时常后置，用it作形式主语。常见句式：it is a waste of time/money doing sth 做是浪费时间的 its no good doing sth 做是没有益处的 its no use doing sth 做是没用的 its no pleasure/fun doing sth 做是没有乐趣的It is a waste of time playing video games.（真正的主语）Its no good eating too much snack. 吃太多零食对身体无益。Its no pleasure staying at home all day long. 整天呆在家没有一点乐趣。动名词作主语常见考点：主谓一致Driving cars too fast is/are dangerous.Watching TV and reading books has/have become a routine for me.解：动名词作主语时：单个Ving作主语，表示的是一件事情，谓语动词用单数。两个或两个表达不同意义（不同类）Ving作主语时，表示的是两件事情，谓语动词用复数。（2）动名词作表语 （位于系动词后）Your task is cleaning the window.Your job is looking after the children.解：动名词作表语说明主语的情况或性质，其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容。（3）动名词作定语相当于形容词（修饰名词）通常用于以下三个方面：说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。例如：a fishing net 渔网 a walking stick 拐棍 an operating table 手术桌 the reading room 阅览室 the meeting room 会议室 a changing room 更衣室 a waiting room 等候室 a hiding place 藏身处 a guessing game 猜字游戏 a swimming pool 游泳池 a swimming suit 泳衣 a bathing cap 泳帽 a dancing club 舞蹈俱乐部 a washing machine 洗衣机与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作例句： Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? There are about 200 children studying in the art school.有些动名词-ing形式已经转化为了形容词，常作定语用来修饰物，译为“令人”。常用的此类词有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。如：That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。除了此类表示抽象感情类的形容词之外，还有一类动名词-ing形式的形容词，同学们也要注意哦！例如：demanding 要求苛刻的charming 迷人的missing 丢失的daring 胆大的developing 发展中的entertaining 有趣的outstanding 杰出的leading 主要的promising 有前途的；有希望的stunning 令人震惊，目瞪口呆的startling 令人震惊的striking 显著的；鲜明的;引人注目的loving 友爱的；充满爱意的cutting 锋利的remaining 余下的；剩余的enterprising 有事业心的；有进取心的surrounding 周围的best-selling 畅销的willing 愿意的；乐意的unwilling 不愿意的；不乐意的eye-catching 引人注目的good-looking 好看的existing 现存的；现行的fulfilling 有成就感的；令人满足的例句：There is a page missing from this book.这本书有一页丢失了。 You have a promising future. 你有一个光明的前程。 Her big eyes are her most striking feature.大眼睛是她容貌最显著的特点。2. 动名词作宾语短语搭配（1） to doing搭配to doing(作介词，后接动名词作宾语）make contributions to doing sth （做贡献）contribute to doing sth（促进；导致）devote to doing sth（投身于）look forward to doing sth（期待；盼望做某事）key to doing sth（做某事的关键）secret to doing sth（做某事的诀窍）approach to doing sth（做某事的方法）be accustomed/used/adapted to doing sth（习惯做某事）lead to doing sth（导致；造成）pay attention to doing sth（注意；关注）expose sb/ sth to doing sth（使暴露于；处于状态）refer to doing sth（提及；查阅；指向）get down to doing sth（静下心来做某事）apply oneself to doing sth（专心致志做某事）be addicted to doing sth（做某事很痴迷；沉溺上瘾）stick to doing sth（坚持做某事）be opposed to doing sth（反对做某事）in addition to doing sth（除了做某事之外）be reduced to doing sth（沦为的境地）be equal to doing sth （胜任做某事）give rise to doing（使发生；引起）get close to dong（接近做）（2） doing搭配动词+Ving（动宾）1. admit doing sth 承认做某事2. acknowledge doing sth 承认做某事3. advise doing sth 建议做某事4. suggest doing sth 建议做某事5. allow doing sth 允许做某事6. avoid doing sth 避免做某事7. consider doing sth 考虑做某事8. delay doing sth 推迟做某事9. deny doing sth 否认做某事10. discuss doing sth 讨论做某事11. dislike/hate doing sth 厌恶做某事12. enjoy/like/love doing sth 喜欢做某事13. escape doing sth 逃避做某事14. excuse doing sth 原谅做某事15. fancy doing sth 喜欢做某事 16. finish doing sth 完成做某事17. forbid doing sth 禁止做某事18. give up/quit doing sth 放弃做某事19. imagine doing sth 想象做某事20. keep doing sth 持续做某事21. mention doing sth 提及做某事22. appreciate doing sth 感谢做某事23. miss doing sth 错误做某事24. pardon doing sth 原谅做某事25. permit doing sth 允许做某事26. practise doing sth 练习做某事 27. risk doing sth 冒险做某事28. prevent doing sth 阻止做某事29. prohibit doing sth 阻止做某事30. put off/postpone doing sth 推迟做某事31. cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事32. cant stand doing sth 无法忍受做某事33. feel like doing sth 想要做某事34. resist doing sth 拒绝做某事35. bear/ stand/tolerate doing sth 容忍做某事36. advocate doing sth 支持做某事37. include doing sth 包括做某事38. like/dislike/hate/love doing表示好恶的动词+VingPart2: to do 短语（不定式作宾语）1. 认识不定式结构：不定式结构作主语、宾语、宾语补足语和表语。但不能独自充当谓语。（1）不定式结构作主语不定式结构位于句首作主语。例如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.To save money now seems impossible.主语比较长，为了避免头重脚轻，就用it作形式主语，不定式真正的主语置后。构成句型：it is+ adj+ for/of sb +to do sth例句：Its difficult to for me to solve the problem.Its kind of you to give me a hand in time.¤同学们，以上我们介绍了动名词作主语，现在我们来看看动名词和不定式作主语的区别吧！动名词和不定式作主语有时可以互换。例如： Seeing is believing= To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见；眼见为实。动名词作主语通常表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式作主语通常表示一件未完成的事或目的。例句：Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.（已完成已知的经验）To finish the task will take a long time.（未完成表将来）动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作。不定式作主语表示一次性的动作，某次具体的行为。例句：Collecting information is his job. To share your inner feelings one time with others is beneficial ¤同学们注意：在考试中进行语法填空时，若动词放在句首，一定要进行变化。因为动词原形是不能充当句子的主语，只有动名词和不定式才能充当主语。记住：若考查动词作主语的题目，一般填动名词作主语。Eating Eat too much is harmful to our body.无论是动名词作主语还是动名词作主语，谓语动词都为单数形式。只有前面两个动名词或两个不定式陈述两件事情的时候，谓语动词采用复数。Learning English is interesting.To discuss the problem with your teacher is necessary.Learning and listening a lot are important to learn English well.动名词和不定式都能后置充当主语，将it提前构成形式主语。但是，动名词后置充当主语的形式主语的句型相对较少。同学们记住就行。It is no +n (use/fun/pleasure/good/fun)+doing sth 做某事是没有It is a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间的（2）不定式结构作宾语以上我们介绍了一些动词后跟动名词作宾语所构成的固定动词短语搭配。相应地，有一类动词只能跟不定式作宾语。话不多说，高考常考搭配送上！全是不定式to do 作宾语哦！动词+to do（动宾）expect to do 期待做pretend to do 假装做decide to do 决定做determine to do 下定决心做wish to do 希望做hope to do 希望做aim to do 旨在；目的是intend/mean to do 打算，意图做plan to do 计划做prepare to do 准备做promise to do 承诺做offer to do主动做refuse to do 拒绝做decline to do 拒绝做fail to do 未能做manage to do 成功做到happen to do 碰巧做struggle to do 努力，艰难做try to do 尝试做attempt to do 试图做seek to do 寻求做learn to do 学会做want to to 想要做would like to do 想要做afford to do 承担得起做arrange to do 安排做care to do 愿意/喜欢做choose to do 选择做long to do 渴望做starve to do 渴望做dare to do 敢于作deserve to do 值得；名符其实agree to do 同意做beg to do 乞求做guarantee to do 保证做swear to do 发誓做undertake to do 承诺做need to do 需要做hesitate to do 犹豫做prefer to do 更想做bother to do 费心做tend to do 倾向做seem to do 似乎，好像做appear to do 好像做continue to do 继续做desire to do 想要做resolve to do 决心做（3）不定式结构作宾语补足语宾语补足语：即置于宾语后，补充宾语意义，说明宾语的动作或状态的成分。例如：ask sb（宾语） to do sth（宾补）这类动词搭配 动词+宾语+to do（宾补）也非常多哦！一大波干货词组又要来啦！动词+sb（宾语）+to do（宾补）ask sb to do 让某人去做tell sb to do 告诉某人去做beg ab to do 乞求某人去做promise sb to do承诺某人去做order sb to do 命令某人去做request sb to do 请求某人去做require sb to do 要求某人去做advise sb to do 建议某人去做allow sb to do 允许某人去做remind sb to do 提醒某人去做command sb to do 命令某人去做encourage sb to do 鼓励某人去做force sb to do 强迫某人去做get sb to do 使某人去做permit sb to do 允许某人去做persuade sb to do 说服某人去做expect sb to do 期望某人去做drive sb to do 驱使某人去做teach sb to do 教会某人做educate sb to do 教育某人做call on sb to do 呼吁某人去做wish sb to do 希望某人做注意特殊搭配arrange for sb to do 安排某人做demand of sb to do 要求某人做thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做congratulate sb on doing 祝贺某人做advise doing sth 建议做advise sb to do 建议某人做allow doing sth 允许做allow sb to do 允许某人做permit doing sth 允许做permit sb to do 允许某人做forbid doing sth 禁止做forbid sb to do 禁止某人做wait for sb to do 等待某人去做（4）不定式结构作表语（放在系动词后）不定式表目的The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.Our plan is to keep the affair secret.不定式表将来，表示主语即将要执行的动作My American teacher is to leave China soon.They are to marry next week.You must be patient if you are to succeed.不定式可主动表被动。固定用法：be to blame; be+adj+to do; sth to doShe is to blame. （她理应受到责备）The chair is comfortable to sit on. （这张椅子坐上去很舒服。）Something is still to find out.（有些东西还有待查明。）I have nothing to say.（我无话可说。）¤动名词作表语和不定式作表语的区别动名词作表语说明主语的情况或性质，其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容。表示的动作是习惯性的动作。例如：our job is looking after the children. His hobby is collecting stamps.不定式作表语表示目的和将来的动作。例如：His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.What I would suggest is to start work at once.The function of the architecture is to provide convenience to people.（5）不定式结构表目的和不定式结构作后置定语来一波常考搭配吧！to do (作不定式结构表目的，后+V原形)to do（作后置定语修饰名词，后+V原形）make a decision to do sth （下决定去做某事）way to do sth （做某事的方法）make up ones mind to do sth（下定决心做某事）time to do sth（是时候做某事了）make efforts to do sth（努力去做某事）place to do sth（做某事的地方）make adjustments to do sth（为某事而做出调整）have a chance to do sth（有机会做某事）make arrangements to do sth（为某事而做出安排）have an opportunity to do sth（有机会做某事）make preparations to do sth（为某事而做准备）have the ability to do sth（有能力做某事）make an attempt to do sth（为某事而尝试）have the ambition to do sth（有野心做某事）take action to do sth （采取行动去做某事）have the courage to do sth（有勇气做某事）take measures to do sth（采取措施去做某事）have the desire to do sth（渴望做某事）try ones best to do sth（拼劲全力做某事）make a promise to do sth（许下承诺做某事）spare no effort to do sth（不遗余力去做某事）make a wish to do sth（许下愿望做某事）take ones time to do sth（花费时间去做某事）something/nothing/anything to do（不定代词+to do)You have nothing to worry about.get ready to do sth （做好准备去做某事）so as to do sth （为了做某事）the first/last/only to do (the+序数词+to do）in order to do sth（为了做某事）way to do sth （做某事的方法）time to do sth（是时候做某事了）place to do sth（做某事的地方）have a chance to do sth（有机会做某事）have an opportunity to do sth（有机会做某事）have the ability to do sth（有能力做某事）have the ambition to do sth（有野心做某事）have the courage to do sth（有勇气做某事）Part3： ¤小拓展：有一类动词后面既可以接doing动名词作宾语又可以接to do 不定式结构作宾语。但意思不同，不能通用哦！来看看吧！第一类： doing 表做过； to do 表要去做1. remember doing 记得做过remember to do 记得要去做例句： I remember seeing you before. 我记得见过你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 请记得离开时要关灯。2. forget doing 忘记做过forget to do 忘记要去做例句： I forgot bringing the book here today. Sorry! 对不起，今天忘记带书了。 The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯仍然亮着，他忘记去关了。3. regret doing 后悔做过regret to do 遗憾要去做例句： He regret cheating in the exam. 他后悔在考试中作弊。 I regret to tell you you are fired. 我遗憾地告诉你你被解雇了。第二类 doing/to do 意义大不同1. go on doing /continue doing 继续做一直做的事go on to do/continue to do 做完某事后接着做另一件事例句：You cant go on working without a break. 你不能一直工作，不休息。 After that, he go on to speak of his war experiences. 之后，他转而谈论他的作战经历。2. stop doing 停止正在做的事stop to do 停止正在做的事去做另一件事例句：The two girls stopped talking when the doorbell rang.当门铃响时，这两个女孩停止了谈话。 I stop to read the new book.我停下手里的事情开始读这本新书。3. mean doing 意味着mean to do 打算做某事 有意做某事例句：Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着你要再等一个小时。 I mean to give you this book today, but I forgot. 我打算今天把书给你，但是忘记了。 Trust me, I dont mean to hurt you. 相信我，我不是有意伤害你的。4. try doing 尝试着做try to do 努力做（带着目的）例句：Why not try turning on the air conditioner? 试着开开空调。（看会不会凉快点） I tried to escape ,but I failed.我努力着想逃走，但是没有成功。5. like doing 喜欢做（长期性的爱好）like to do 想要做（一次性的动作；一时的短暂性的喜欢；）例句：I like swimming but I dont like to swim today. 我喜欢游泳，但今天不想游泳。6. prefer doing 更喜欢（一般情况下一贯的喜爱）prefer to do更想要（特定场合下的一时性的喜欢）例句：I prefer driving to work but I prefer to walk to office this morning. 我一贯更喜欢开车去上班，但今天造成我更想要走路去办公室。¤小拓展：运用于“比起更喜欢” “宁愿而不愿”时，短语如下：（1） prefer doing to doing（2） prefer to do rather than do/doing （do/doing均可）例句： I prefer staying at home to going outside. 比起外出，我更喜欢呆在家。 I prefer to cook for myself rather than eat/eating in the restaurant. 比起在餐厅吃饭，我更喜欢自己做饭。（3）would rather do than do=would do rather do （do用原形）例句：I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁愿在家看电视也不愿去电影院。 The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行也不愿乘公共汽车。7. begin to do /start to do （开始打算做）事情还未开始begin doing/start doing（开始做）事情已经持续一段时间了例句：They have begun to do the prevention of crime. 他们已经开始防止犯罪行为。 It's a month since the shop began doing business. 这家商店刚开张一个月。划重点：同学们要注意啦，整理这些词组是为了让同学们见多识广点，在改错时不要把这些词组认为是错误的。但是同学们要记住：根据经验，在语法填空时，以下这些词组这样写才是标准答案哦！其他词组to do/doing 就要看语义啦！try to do , like doing, prefer to do, prefer to do rather than do，begin to do, start to do.Part4:¤小干货：易错篇我们把动词原形do也加入行列吧！to do/doing/do 弄清楚！来看看这些同学们容易弄错的词组搭配和句型吧！放心！都帮你们整理好啦！would like to do 想要做feel like doing 想要做cant wait to do 迫不及待做cant help doing 情不自禁做it takes sb some time to do 花费时间做its a waste of time doing 浪费时间做prefer to do 更喜欢做（宁愿做）would rather do宁愿做would rather do than do = would do rather than do 宁愿做而不做prefer doing to doing = prefer to do rather do/doing 宁愿做而不做rather than do 而不是instead of doing 而不是its useless to do 做某事是没用的its no use doing 做某事是没用的be on the point of doingwhen 将要做某事突然there is no point in doing sth=there is no sense in doing sth做某事是没有意义的reach a point where 此时point表程度，作抽象地点名词，where代指先行词point引导定语从句 达到程度risk doing sth 冒险做某事risk ones life to do sth 冒着生命危险去做某事make sb do sth 使某人做某事sb be made to do sth 某人被迫使要求做某事Part5：小拓展：我们再来整理一些do（动词原形）作宾语和宾语补足语的词组吧！不多但很重要。let sb do 让某人做make sb do 使某人做had better do =may/might as well do sth最好做help sb do 帮助某人做would rather do 宁愿做rather than do 而不是would rather do than do宁愿做而不做would do rather than do 宁愿做而不做¤小贴士：情态动词would/could/should/might/can/may+V原形 将来时 will/would+V原形Part6: 小拓展：我们来整理一些动词+do/doing意义不同的词组把！do/doing 大不同do做某事的全过程（强调动作的全过程，属于一种回忆性描述）doing正在做某事；表正在进行（强调动作的正在进行，属于现场即时描述）see sb do 看见某人做see sb doing 看见某人正在做watch sb do 看见某人做watch sb doing 看见某人正在做observe sb do 观察某人做observe sb doing 观察某人正在做notice sb do 注意到某人做notice sb doing 注意到某人正在做hear sb do 听见某人做hear sb doing 听见某人正在做使役动词do/doing 又不同哦！do一次性动作doing持续性动作have sb do sth 让某人做某事（一次性动作）She has the boy help her with English.have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事（持续性动作）He had her standing in the rain for two hours.拓展：have sth done （ 被动）Ill have my bike repaired this afternoon.He had his wallet stolen at the station.doing表主动和正在进行某人正处于何种状态拓展：done表被动find sb doing 发现某人处于的状态He finds himself lying in the playground. find sb/sth done 发现被He finds himself surrounded by a lot of people.leave sb doing 使某人处于的状态What he said leaves me thinking deeply.leave sth done 使处于何种状态We can