第八讲动词的时态专题学案--高考英语一轮复习.docx

专题九：动词的时态：英语是一个有时态的语言。体现在动词的时态变化。请同学们观察以下句子。第一组：一般现在时动词具有数的变化。即动词原形和三单。be动词有单数和复数的变化。（1） He often takes exercises.（2） Students of the class study very hard every day.（3） The earth moves around the sun.（4） Here are some tips to help you.（5） Time and tide wait for no man.若动作是反复、经常发生的或者描述事实和真理的话反复发生的动作一般会有频率副词结合使用（经常）always/usually/frequently/often/generally/every day(month/year/week)/all the time（有时候）sometimes/occasionally/at times/from time to time/on Sundays（几乎不；很少）hardly/seldom/rarely/once/twice/three times 一般现在时（从不）never（从现在开始）from now on第二组：一般过去时 （1） He finished the work yesterday.（2） I went to London last Sunday.（3） I was born in 1991.（4） Mike visited me two days ago.若动作发生在某个具体的过去时间 一般过去时in 1991（）/at the age of 5（）/last year(week/month/night)/yesterday/the day before yesterday/ago（two days ago)/just now/from then on/then/at that time/this morning/one day/once upon a time第三组：一般将来时（1） Mary will study abroad in the future.（2） I will go to the supermarket tomorrow.（3） Our school will hold a sports-meeting next week.（4） They are going to get married in a year.若动作发生在某个将来的时间 一般将来时will+V原/be going to doin the future, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/year, in +一段时间（表将来）/one day¤表示趋向行为位移的短暂性动词如come,go,start,begin,leave等常用进行时表将来时。eg.The students are leaving tomorrow. 学生们明天将来离开。¤表将来be about to do（马上、即将要做某事）/be to do（表计划、安排，含有吩咐、命令、禁止、要求等语气）/be going to do（表示计划、安排或某种迹象）eg.Look at the dark clouds. It is going to be a storm.You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room.You are to be back before 5 0clock.Dont go out. We are about to have dinner.第四组：正在进行时（1） They are playing basketball now.（2） Listen, she is singing an English song.（3） We were having supper when the phone rang.（4） What were you doing at nine o clock yesterday.若动作正在进行 正在进行时 be doing 现在进行时/过去进行时现在进行时now, right now,listen, look,smell（常用于句子开头，表示提醒听者注意正在发生的事情）过去进行时动作存在在过去的语境中，并且正在进行。（通过观察其他动词的时态判断语境处于过去还是现在）同学们，我们用一个时间轴来表示以上句子吧！ ago/last/yesterday in the future/next/in+一段时间 过去 现在 将来 动作有频率 一般现在时（常态动作） 正在进行 现在/过去进行时第五组 完成时表持续的动作 （1） Tom has learned English for ten years.（2） By the end of last year, he had learned 5000 English words.第六组：完成时表动作已完成对现在的影响和过去的过去。（1）I have learned that you have trouble in making friends.（2）I heard the news that they had arrived in Beijing.若动作是持续的动作，用完成时。我们同样用一个时间轴来表示以上句子吧！ 过去 现在 将来 从过去持续到现在并且有可能持续到将来 现在完成时 从过去持续到过去 过去完成时 强调已发生的动作对现在造成的影响 （现在的语境）过去完成时 过去时（发生在现在的语境中）小结：英语是一个有时态的语言，体现在动词的时态变化。根据动作发生在什么时候，动词时态进行相应的变化。判断动作的时态标志词即时间状语。（表示动作发生的时间）时间状语分为： 表示具体的某个时间点的状语。一般过去时/现在时/将来时 表示时间段的状语。完成时 若动作从过去持续到现在，并且有可能会持续到将来 现在完成时若动作从（更远的）过去持续到（更近的）过去过去完成时若在过去的语境中，存在两个过去的动作，一个过去的动作发生在另一个过去动作之前，构成过去的过去 过去完成时请同学观察以下时间状语，判断分别用什么时态last year on Sundays in ten years for ten years since 1991 before next Wednesdayby the time of last week yesterday right now just now over time so far by now until nowuntil 5 days ago until the day before yesterday two days ago three days before in the past in the past ten years last week in the last several weeks考点：易混时态傻傻分不清第一组：一般过去时和过去完成时（1） They planted 200 trees last Wednesday.（2） They had planted 200 trees before lat Wednesday.第二组：一般现在时和现在完成时（1） He usually plays the piano.（2） He has played the piano since he was five.第三组：现在完成时表持续动作（表持续的时间状语）一般过去时表某个过去时间点发生的动作（1）It has rained for two days.从过去一直持续到现在（2）It rained yesterday. 某一具体过去时间点发生的动作第四组：现在完成时隐含表持续的动作对现在造成的影响一般过去时表已经发生的动作,有明确的过去时间状语，对现在没有影响（1） China has made great progress in the past five years.（2） China suffered from a lot of difficulties in the past.（3） She went to visit her grandma last week.（4） She has lived in Beijing in the last five years.¤当没有明确的时间状语出现时，两种时态都是正确的。（1） I have learned that you have trouble in making friends.（2） I learned that you have trouble in making friends.¤小结：现在完成时有两种用法，一是表示对现在的影响，二是表过去到现在的持续性动作（并且有可能会继续持续下去）。Air pollution has taken the lives of many people.（无明确时间状语影响性用法）I have lived here for more than thirty years.（持续段的时间状语持续性用法）第五组：现在完成时表持续动作，从过去一直持续到现在（并且有可能会继续持续下去）过去完成时表持续动作，从某个更远的过去持续到更近的过去。（动作已经结束）（1） He has lived here for five years.（2） He had lived here for five years.第六组：过去完成时和一般过去时（1） He lived here last year. 具体的过去动作（2） He had lived here for five years. 持续时间（1） He was doing the home work when his mother came in.两个过去动作同时发生（2） He had already finished the homework when his mother came in.两个过去动作有先后顺序；发生在更远过去的动作用过去完成时 ¤小结：过去完成时有两种用法，一是从更远的过去到更近的过去的持续性动作（动作已经结束），二是过去的过去。We had learned five thousand new words by the end of last year.（从更远的过去到去年底持续性动作）We had planned to finish the work before dark, but we were held up by a heavy rain.（计划是发生在被大雨拦截之前，过去的过去）第七组：现在完成时和现在完成进行时（1）It has rained for two days.（动作从过去一直持续到现在，强调结果并对现在的影响）（2）It has been raining for two days.（动作从过去一直持续到现在，强调过程且动作现在仍在进行）小结：现在完成时和现在完成进行时有些时候是可以互用的。第一句用现在完成时，“下雨”这个动作持续了两天，可能现在没下了。第二句用现在完成进行时，“下雨”这个动作持续了两天，说话的时候现在还在下雨。练习：Im sure you will do better in the test because you have been studying so hard this year.(study)解析：用现在完成进行时，表明说话者强调对方现在仍在努力学习。即动作从过去一直持续到说话为止一直在进行的动作。第八组：将来完成时/现在完成进行时（1） We will have been married for a year on December 25th.（动作从过去一直持续到将来的某个时间）（2） I have been knocking on the door for ten minutes without an answer.（动作从过去一直持续到说话为止一直在进行的动作） 易错时间状语：1. from now on用一般现在时；from then on 用一般过去时2. just now（刚刚；刚才）用一般过去时；now,right now（现在）用现在进行时。3. then （1） Life was hard then because neither of us had a job. 当时，那个时候（一般过去时）（2） Ill be invited too. Ill see you then.到那时（一般将来时）4. one day（1）One day there was a king who was kind to his people.曾经有一天 （一般过去时）（2）You will achieve your dream one day. 将来有一天（一般将来时）5. ago表以现在为基点往前算用一般过去时。before表以某个过去的时间为基点为前算用过去完成时。（1）He finished the work two days ago.（2）He had finished the work two days before.6. in+一段时间表将来用一般将来时。在之后 in three years 三年之后 for+一段时间表从持续的时间段。用完成时。（1） Well meet again in two weeks.（2） He has lived here for five years.（从过去持续到现在，有可能还会继续下去。他现在还住在这，有可能还会继续住下去。） He had lived here for five years. （从某个更远的过去持续到更近的过去，动作已经停止。他早已没有住在这里了。）7. by+时间点（过去/现在/将来），表截止到某时，用完成时。表动作的持续，持续了一段时间。 since+某个过去的时间点（过去） 自起，表从过去到现在，用现在完成时（1）从过去持续到现在 by now用现在完成时 By now we have learned 1500 English words.从过去持续到过去 by the end of last month 用过去完成时。 By the end of last month, we had learned 1500 English words.从过去持续到将来 by the end of next month 用将来完成时 By the end of next month, we will have learned 1500 English words.（2）I have learned 1500 English words since I was five. She has lived here since 5 years ago. We have been friends since 1991.8. have been to（去某地已经回来）&have gone to（去某地还未回来）I have been to Beijing once.（去了北京已经回来）Mr Li has gone to Shanghai.（去上海了还未回来）9.时态固定句型：(1)第几次做某事，前面可用it/this/that, 连词that 不可省略。It/This/That is the first /second time that have/has doneIts the first time that I have come to Zhuhai.Its the first time that she has been invited to attend such an important meeting.It /This/That was the first /second time that had doneThis was the first time that I had seen such a lot of snow.(2)该做某事了，time可由high,about修饰，连词that 可省略，should不能省略。It is (high/about) time that did/should+V原形¤Its time to do sthIts time that we took action.It is high that we should take immediate action to protect our mother nature.(3)一就 否定词位于句首，主句需部分倒装。从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。主句的动作略微早于从句动作之前发生，构成过去的过去。no soonerthanNo sooner had I arrived at the bus station than the bus left. 我一刚到公交车站，公交车就走了。hardly/scarcely/barelywhenHardly had he finished the article when the light went out. 他刚一写完文章，灯就熄灭了。(4)在时间状从和条件状从中主将从现，即从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。常用连接词有if，as soon as, the moment,the minute,whenIf you work hard, you will be successful.We will go to the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow.He will call you back as soon as he finishes his work.Ill write to her when I have time.¤表示起止、移动的动词如come,go,leave,arrive,start,begin,stop等常用一边现在时表将来，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.¤here,there倒装句表示即将发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来。Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.时态练习：请同学们看句子按照动词的正确形式填空：基础篇：(1)He often _(have) dinner at home.(2)The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.(3)She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.(4)There _(be) some water in the bottle.(5)Mike _(like) cooking.(6)They _(have) the same hobby.(7)My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully every day.(8)You always _(do) your homework well.(9)I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.(10)Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.提升篇：(1) The teacher said that the sun _(rise) from the east.(2) They always _(care) for each other and help each other.(3) When I was a child, I often _(play) football in the street.(4) Its time for you _(go) to bed.(5) Its time that you _(go) to bed.(6) Its high time you _(get) up.(7) Is there anything wrong, Xiao Ming? You look sad.Oh, nothing much.In fact, I _(think) of my friends back home.(8) His brother _(be) to Stone Forest twice since he came to Yunnan.(9) He said his first teacher _(die) at least ten years before.(10) Xiao Ming _(leave) school three years ago.(11) He _(finish) writing the book last week.(12) He _(finish) writing the book by the end of last week.(13) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _(be) rising steadily in the past ten years.(14)Tommy is planning to buy a car.I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one.(save)学科网（北京）股份有限公司