高一英语知识点总结(下册)教学知识点归纳总结.doc

YOUR LOGO原 创 文 档 请 勿 盗 版名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.高一英语知识点总结（下册）教学知识点归纳总结·英语小窍门·句型与句子结构(句型层次表 )第一层第二层例句简单句主 谓 I am coming.主谓宾I like cats.主谓宾宾 I bought you a book. I bought a book for you.主谓宾补 I seldom see him do morning exercises.主谓表I am a teacher. He is very tall.并列句answer.主谓 +主谓(and, or, but, for) I phoned him but there was no复合句主语从句名词性从句What he told me yesterday is true.1精品学习资料第 1 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.宾语从句I know that he is an American.表语从句This is how he broke the door.同位语从句His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted.定语从句This is the room where he was born.状语从句Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years.·重点词汇解析·1. stomach成短语有：n.肚子，胃，复数为 stomachs。肚子疼： stomachache构have a pain in the stomach胃(腹)疼lie on ones stomach俯卧have the stomach for对有兴趣turn one s stomach使恶心on an empty/a full stomach空着肚子 / 吃饱2精品学习资料第 2 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.2. bar n.(1) 条状物；棒a bar of soap一根金条一条肥皂a bar of chocolate一条巧克力a bar of gold(2) 酒吧 a coffee bar(3) 固定短语： behind bars在狱中3. diet n.(1) 正常饮食a balanced diet均衡的饮食a diet of potatoes土豆食品(2) 饮食限制go on a diet=be on a diet节食 , 节食No sugar in my coffee; Im dieting.4. disease n.疾病 a serious disease of the liver严重的肝病diseased adj.有病的a diseased plant病态的植物辨析： illness, disease3精品学习资料第 3 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.illness ：很少指具体疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态。disease:指可以染上和传染他人的疾病。e. g. Several children are away from school because of illness.子因生病没上学。几个孩He has a rare heart disease.他得了一种罕见的心脏病。5. probably与 possibly比较(1)probably极有可能 , 有几分根据的猜测; 比 possibly所指的可能性大些。e. g. He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him.He will probably win.取胜。他工作努力，人也聪明；很多人愿意帮助他。他极有可能(2)possibly经常与情态动词可能地。表示客观上潜在的可能性，可能性比probably小，can或 may连用。e. g. She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation.她或许是她那一代人中最伟大的作家。4精品学习资料第 4 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.6. promisev. &n.允诺；答应动词用法：后接名词或代词、不定式、that从句(1)They promised an immediate reply.他们答应立刻回复。(2)He promised me to be here at six oclock.=He promised me thathe would be here at six oclock.他答应我他将在六点在这里等我。(3)I promised you not to say that.我答应你不说那件事。(4)It promises to be warm this afternoon.今天下午有望转暖。(5)He is a promising boy.他是一个有前途的男孩。名词用法：make a promise许下诺言give a promise许下诺言keep a promise信守诺言carry out a promise履行诺言break a promise违背诺言7. brain n.5精品学习资料第 5 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.(1) 用作不可数名词，大脑The brain is the centre of higher nervous activity.的中枢。大脑是高等神经活动(2) 用作可数名词brains ，智力，头脑She has a good brain. =She has good brains.她很聪明。8. advise, suggest用法(1)advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事advise doing sth.建议做某事。advise that(should) +动词原形I advise you to leave now.我建议你现在就离开。I advise waiting till the proper time.我建议等到适当时机 (才行动 )。We advise that steps (should) be taken at once.我们建议立即采取措施。(2)suggest建议，其句型为suggest doing sth.建议做某事6精品学习资料第 6 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.suggest ones doing sth. =suggest sb. doing建议某人去做某事suggest that(should) +动词原形Wesuggestedpossible.thattheoldmuseum(should)berebuiltas soonas我们建议那座旧博物馆应该尽早重修。9diet与 food的区别：diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物。food指能吃喝的具有营养的东西。例如：The doctor has ordered me a special diet.医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。I like a simple diet best.我最喜欢粗茶淡饭。We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.衣服穿。我们必须有食物吃，有Thepatientmustnotgowithoutfood,buthemusthavea dietwithout sugar.7精品学习资料第 7 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.这个病人不可不吃东西，但要吃不含糖的饮食。·重点词组解析·1.plenty of充分的，大量的，既可修可数名词又可修不可数名词，只用于陈述句，在疑问句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many或 much 。注意： plenty of前面没有冠词 a, 不可误记成a plenty of。Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone.chairs here.We have plenty ofin plenty充足地There is food in plenty. =There is plenty of food.2be careful用法归纳(1)be careful单独使用，当心Be careful ！The pan is hot!当心！锅很热。(2)be careful about对谨慎8精品学习资料第 8 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.I hope youll be careful in future about the things you say.我希望你将来对所说事谨慎。(3)be careful of留神We have to be careful of what they are doing.我们得留神他们做的什么。(4)be careful with注意You must be more careful with your work.你们需注意你们的工作。有时 be careful表示吝啬。He s too careful with his money; he never buys a drink for anyone.他太吝啬了，他从不给别人买杯水。(5)be careful not to do sth.小心不要做We want to be careful not to break anything.东西。我们要小心不要打破任何(6)be careful+从句 加以小心9精品学习资料第 9 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.Be careful what you do.小心你做的一切。3keep up with跟上（防止落后）keep up with the class跟上班级（不掉队）keep up with the development of society适应社会的发展keep up with the going on跟上时尚注意： catch up with（已经落后）赶上4Be +adj +to短语(1)be harmful to对有害be +adj. +to sb. /sth.指对某人或某物有影响或态度如何。be good to=be kind to对态度好be friendly to对友好be cruel to对凶残be bad to对态度不好10精品学习资料第 10 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.be polite/impolite to对有礼貌/ 无礼貌be rude to对粗鲁5cut 短语总结：(1)cut into把切成Vegetablesboiling water.shouldbecutintosmallpiecesanddroppedintothe蔬菜应切成小碎块放进开水里。(2)cut up切碎Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子。(3)cut down砍倒；削减If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.毁坏土地。如果你砍伐树木，就会I have decided to cut down my smoking.我决定戒烟。11精品学习资料第 11 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.(4)cut off切断，停掉Our water supply has been cut off again.我们的供水再次中断。6Short短语(1)be short of缺少Im short of money this week, can you lend me some你能借我一点 ?？这星期我缺钱，(2)run short几乎用光We ve run short of oil.我们已经用光油了。The supply of oil is running short.供应的油快要用光了。·重点句型解析·1It was a bit green.它还有点生。1)句中的 green意为“没有成熟的”，是ripe的反义词。例如：We dont like to eat green fruit./ The apples are still too green topick.12精品学习资料第 12 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.2)a bit作程度副词，与a little同义。例如：Im a bit/ a little tired. / Could you drive a bit/ a little slower?3)但是， not a bit not at all,而 not a littlevery/ much.例如：Im not a bit tired.我一点不累Im not a little tired.我很累。2While you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up100 calories an hour.你在学校上课或步行回家时，你体内每小时消耗100卡。1)burn up意为“烧掉”、“烧毁”，在本句中意为“消耗掉”。例如：He burned up all the old letters.他把过去的全部信件都烧掉了。The house burned up before they got there.烧毁了。他们到达那儿之前，房子已2)up 与一些动词构成短语时，有“完结”、“终结”的意思。如eat up吃光， drink up喝光，tear up撕碎， use up用完， lock up锁好。3. Eating habits become part of who we are.一部分。饮食习惯变成我们自身的who we are为介词 of的宾语从句。13精品学习资料第 13 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.eatinghabits为动名词短语作句子的主语。动名词或不定式(短语)作主语的一时，谓语动词一般用单数。部分Seeing is believing.眼见为实 part ofPartofthebuildingwasdestroyedinthefire. 大楼的一部分被火烧毁了。a part of指不足一半，意为“一小部分”。We spent a part of our holiday in France.过的。我们的一部分假期是在法国度4The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中国人吃的糖比世界上其它许多国家的人都少。1)theChinese指（全体）中国人。以ese 结尾的表示国籍的词与定冠词连用时，表示整个国家的人。例如：theJapanese( 全体 )日本人， theVietnamese(全体 )越南人。 但指该国单个的人时， 则是 a Chinese, a Japanese,a Vietnamese.5They eat a lot of sugar in the form of cakes, soft drinks,sweets andso on. 他们吃蛋糕、软饮料、糖果等，其中含有大量的糖。1)intheformof意为“以的形式”。例如：Hemadethesuggestion in the form of a question.他以提问题的形式提出建议。He expressed his feelings in the form of letters.自己的感情。14他用写信来表达精品学习资料第 14 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.He wrote a novel in the form of a diary.他以日记的形式写了一本小说。6In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, hasno teeth left!在英国有些地方，十分之一的人年方三十，牙齿就都脱光了！1)oneperson out of tenperson。inten是“十个中有一个”的意思，也可说成one例如： Oneinpeople agreed with us./everyfourchildrenhadbadteeth./Nineinten2)by the age of岁时意“岁之前”“到岁时”， at the age of意“在She had learned to play the piano by the age of ten.会弹钢琴。十岁之前，他就学He died at the age of 90.他九十岁去世。7Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.开张后的头几天，许多人到那家餐馆去吃饭。1)score作“二十”解，和数字连用时，不可加s，如 a score of eggs(20个蛋 )，four score and seven years ago(87年前)。但 scores of则为固定词组，多人出席会意为“许多”。例如： A score or more attended the meeting.20议。15精品学习资料第 15 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.I have been there scores of times.我到那儿去过多次了。2)first后面跟复数名词时，意为“头几个”、“头一批”。例如：For the first few weeks, they didnt talk to each other.头几个星discover期，他们彼此不曾讲过话。HewasoneofthefirstpeopletoAmerica. 他是首批发现美洲的人之一。·语法精讲·情态动词 had better, should及ought to的用法(1)had better最好加动词原形You d better get some sleep.你最好睡一会儿。I d better not disturb him.我最好不打扰他了。后接 be doing sth.表示最好立即做某事I think Id better be going.我想我最好立刻走。16精品学习资料第 16 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.祈使句中 had 省略Better not wait for them.最好不等他们。反义疑问句用hadYou d better put away your socks, hadn好，难道不行吗？t you?你最好把你袜子收拾You had better not follow her, had you？你最好不要跟她，不是吗？(2)should与 ought to应该ought to的口气比 should稍重一些，更侧重于某件事责任、义务上该做的事情。 should表示某件事宜于做。下列句子两个词不宜换用：You are his father. You ought to take care of him.该照顾他。你是他的父亲，就应We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.我们不应该说太多的大话在我们的日常讲话中。ought to的句式变化否定句： You ought not =(oughtn t) to write so carelessly.17你不该写得精品学习资料第 17 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.这样粗心。疑问句：Ought we to give him a chance to try？我们该给他机会试一试?与完成时连用should/ought to have done sth.本应该做(而实际没做 )We ought to have finished our homework on time.成作业。我们本应该按时完shouldnt/oughtnt to have done sth.本不应该做(而实际做了)They oughtnt to have come back so late.他们本不该回来这样晚。·同步练习·1Four of students took part in the sports meeting.A .hundredB .hurdredsC .scoreD .scores2He made the suggestion the form of a question.A .withB .byC .onD .in18精品学习资料第 18 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.3 Your English is very good. A .Thank you. Im glad you think so.B .No, my English is verypoor.C .Is that true?D .Don t you think so?4Our home is always love and understanding.A .rich forB .rich inC .high withD .high by5I hope youll forget all the unhappinessI have you.A .causedB .givenC .offeredD .handed6 Why dont we go and play football? .A .Yes, I think soB.I can play footballC .Its a good gameD .That s a good idea7What is the matter the tape recorder?A .aboutB .forC .fromD .with19精品学习资料第 19 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.8You better the thing to be done.A .had; not to causeB .had; not causeC .hadn t; causeD .hadn t; causing9The doctor advises that the patient more exercise.A .takeB .takesC .will takeD .to take10 Do about nine children ten like eating sweets?A .fromB .inC .amongD .between11 She was too excited to fall last night.A .sleepB .asleepC .sleepyD .sleeping12 I myou .notfeelingwell. I mnot .IadviseA .surprising; to lose weightB .surprised; will lose weightC .surprised; to lose weightD .surprising; losing weight20精品学习资料第 20 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.13 In winter we see water fall of snow.A .insteadB .in the formC .in frontD .in drops14 He was lucky enough not to be hurt in the accident.A .a bitB .a littleC .anyD .very15 Thereason he is absent fromschoolis he wasbadlyhurt while riding.A .that; whyB .why; thatC .why; becauseD .which;as参考答案1.C2.D3.A4.B5.A6.D7.D8.B9.A10.B11.B12.C13.B14.A15.B·课外阅读·The Wolf and the LambWOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to layviolent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb theWolf'srighttoeathim.Hethusaddressedhim:"Sirrah,lastyearyougrossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone ofvoice,"Iwasnotthenborn."ThensaidtheWolf, "Youfeedinmy21精品学习资料第 21 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.pasture." "No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass."Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me." Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, "Well! Iwon'tremainsupperless,eventhoughyourefuteeveryoneofmyimputations."The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny.狼与小羊一只小羊在河边喝水，狼见到后，便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上游，恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说，他仅仅站在河边喝水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此计不成，又说道： “我父亲去年被你骂过。”小羊说，那时他还没有出生。狼对他说：“不管你怎样辩解，反正我不会放过 你。”这说明，对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。The Bat and the WeaselsABATwhofelluponthegroundandwascaughtbyaWeaselpleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was bynature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again felltothegroundandwascaughtbyanotherWeasel,whomhelikewiseentreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostilityto mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and22精品学习资料第 22 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持.thus a second time escaped.It is wise to turn circumstances to good account.蝙蝠与黄鼠狼蝙蝠掉落在地上， 被黄鼠狼叼去， 他请求饶命。 黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他，自己生来痛恨鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠，不是鸟，便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来，被另一只黄鼠狼叼住，他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类，并非老己的名字，终于死里逃生。鼠，又被放了。这样，蝙蝠两次改变了自这故事说明，我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。Unit14 Festivals·英语小窍门·十二条经典英语谚语1.Pain past is pleasure. (过去的痛苦就是快乐。)2. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. (识，胜过手有金钱。 )脑中有知3. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成。)23精品学习资料第 23 页，共 71 页名师归纳总结文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑