Unit8现在完成时及瞬间变延续专项讲解课件--人教版八年级英语下册.pptx

1.我在这儿住了我在这儿住了5年了。年了。2.Ellen 教英语教英语15年了。年了。3.自从去年年底，他们就在这里住。自从去年年底，他们就在这里住。4.他已经睡了他已经睡了8个小时了个小时了。5.我们都上课我们都上课20分钟了。分钟了。6.自从上个月自从上个月，我们就一直上网课。，我们就一直上网课。 动作动作从过去开始一直延续到现在。从过去开始一直延续到现在。现在完成时：现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。动作或保存的状态。结构：结构： 主语主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词一般疑问句一般疑问句： have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt. 1. 现在完成时动词构成现在完成时动词构成have /has + v. 过去分词过去分词助动词助动词否定否定haventhasnt一般疑问一般疑问Have you?Has he? 回答：回答： Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. 区别下面两个句子中的sHe s eating supper. He s eaten supper. 结构：主语 + have/has + done + 其它 缩写： have = ve ; has = s have not = havent ; has not = hasnt1.He has / He s eaten supper.2.They have / Theyve finished their homework.He s = He is 否定句:1.He hasnt eaten supper.2.They havent finished their homework.一般疑问句及肯定否定回答:1. Has he eaten supper? Yes,he has. / No, he hasnt2. Have they finished their homework? Yes,they have. / No, they havent.二Hes read the book. 该句中 s是_的缩写？ Hes reading a book. 该句中 s是_的缩写？用is 或has 填空： Mary_ washed the clothes. Mary _washing the clothes.三、变换句子：1. We have planted 30 young trees.变否定句：_变疑问句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_2. Her brother has learned many songs.变否定句：_变疑问句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_反义疑问句： Her brother has learned many songs，_ _?3. You have known the answer to the question.变否定句_变疑问句_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_反义疑问句： You have known the answer to the question,_ _?标志性副词：标志性副词： already（已经）（已经）, yet（已经，尚未，还没）（已经，尚未，还没）never（从没）（从没）, ever（曾经）（曾经）, just（刚刚）（刚刚）吃饭吃饭I have just had my breakfast.(现在我不饿现在我不饿)不饿不饿 nowpastI have already seen the movie. (了解电影的内容了解电影的内容)I have never seen the man before. (我不认识他我不认识他)Have you ever seen the man before?already和和yet都可以作为现在完成时的标都可以作为现在完成时的标志词，你能发现他们用法的不同吗？志词，你能发现他们用法的不同吗？发现规律：发现规律：1.We have already cleaned up our classroom.2. I have already read Treasure Island.3. Have you read the book yet?4. The bus hasnt come yet.already一般用于肯定句中，译为：已经一般用于肯定句中，译为：已经yet一般用于疑问句（已经）和否定句中（还没）一般用于疑问句（已经）和否定句中（还没）Practice: already or yet?1. I have _ finished reading it.2. Have you decided which book to write about _?3. I havent seen the film _.alreadyyetyete.g. 1.Have you _been to Japan? 2.He has _ finished his homework. 3.We have _cleaned our room. 4.I havent had breakfast _. 5.She has _bought the dictionaryeverjustalreadyyet用用.just, already, yet, ever, never填空填空never有此类副词时有此类副词时,常强调动作完成常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续不强调动作的持续.3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： A. I have cleaned my room. (强调房间现在是干净的强调房间现在是干净的) I cleaned my room last week. (不强调房间现在是否干净不强调房间现在是否干净) B. They have bought a dictionary. (强调他们现在有字典强调他们现在有字典) They bought a dictionary a week ago. (不强调他们现在有字典不强调他们现在有字典)小结：现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结小结：现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身动作本身, 与现在的结果无关与现在的结果无关1. I _ (join) the book club last month and I _ (read) five books already.2. I only _ (start) taking French classes last week and I _already_ (learn) 50 French words .practice:joinedhave readstartedhave learned 3. Tony _ (buy) a pop music CD yesterday but he _ (listen) to it yet.4. They _ (listen) to many songs by The Beatles, but they cannot sing any of them.5. She _ (see) the newspaper on the table this morning, but she _ (have) any time to read it yet.boughthasnt listenedhave listenedsawhasnt had注意注意: 现在完成时现在完成时不能不能和明确指出时间的状语连用和明确指出时间的状语连用(如如: yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等等)I have already bought the book. 对对I have already bought the book yesterday. 错错I bought the book yesterday. 对对但可以和如下但可以和如下 不明确指出时间的状语不明确指出时间的状语如如: already, yet, ever, never, just，once, twice, before（以前）（以前）, recently/lately(最近）最近）， so far/up to now(迄今为止）迄今为止）, in the past few years（在过去的几年里）（在过去的几年里）1.Have you seen the movie before?2.He has been very busy recently.3.So far/up to now, he has written many famous songs.4.Great changes have taken place in Chinain the past 30 years.表示过去已经开始，表示过去已经开始，持续持续到现在的动作或状态，到现在的动作或状态，常与常与for或或since引起的一段时间状语连用。引起的一段时间状语连用。moved herein 2019I still live hereI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2019/three years ago. nowpast ( 1).for+表示表示一段一段时间的短语时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示表示过去时间点过去时间点的词语的词语 (since 2019/ three years ago) ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语表示过去时间的时间状语从句从句1.I have been a teacher _ a year.2.He has been at this school _ 1992.3. Ellen has taught English _15 years ago.4.We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.forsincesince 现在完成时句中常见的时间状语现在完成时句中常见的时间状语表示从过去一直持续到现在表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体的过不能是具体的过去时间。去时间。since用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 1995.5_yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7._ 4 hours 8._an hour ago 9_ lunch time 10_ she left here1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.用since和for填空5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.9. He has lived in Nanjing _ last year. 10. Ive known him _ we were children.12. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.13. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.14. Its about ten years _ she left the city.我认识他们五年了。我认识他们五年了。 I have known them for five years.自从自从5年前他们就认识年前他们就认识They have known each other since 2017.自从自从2017年以来他们就认识年以来他们就认识I have known them since five years ago.自从他们搬到长春以来，他们就认识了。自从他们搬到长春以来，他们就认识了。They have known each other since they move to Changchun.have been to sp 去过某地，人已回去过某地，人已回have gone to sp 去了某地，人未回去了某地，人未回have been in sp +时间段时间段 在某地待了多久在某地待了多久1. I have been to Japan many times. 2. -Where is Jack? -He has gone to the library. 3. Mary went to Beijing last month. She has been in Beijing for a month. 当地点是当地点是here, there, home 等副词时，介词省略。等副词时，介词省略。He has been in here for 3 hours. 错错He has been here for 3 hours. 对对用 have been to , have gone to，have been in 填空。1. Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2.The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 3._ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.4.I _ this school since three years ago. 5.Would you like to go to the zoo with me? -Id love to, but I _ there before.has gone to have been in Havebeen to been have been in have been 瞬间动词和延续性动词瞬间动词和延续性动词动词可以分为两类：瞬间动词动词可以分为两类：瞬间动词/非延续性动词非延续性动词/短短暂性动词，指动作一发生就结束，不能持续下去。所以这种动词后面不暂性动词，指动作一发生就结束，不能持续下去。所以这种动词后面不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语。如：能跟表示一段时间的时间状语。如：come, arrive, finish, stop, leave, go, get, die, marry, begin, get to, get up，buy, borrow等。等。延续性动词表示一种延续性的动作。后面可以跟表示一段时间的时间状延续性动词表示一种延续性的动作。后面可以跟表示一段时间的时间状语。如：语。如：work, live, study , sleep, wait, watch, eat, play等。等。1.for 2.since 3.how long.不能不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。与表示一段时间的状语连用。X I have borrowed the book for 3 weeks. X How long have you bought the bike? How long不能用于提问瞬间动词。不能用于提问瞬间动词。X She has married Tom for two years.X My father got up since 5 oclock.错 I have kept the book for 3 weeks. How long have you had the bike? She has been married to Tom for two years. My father has been up since 5 oclock.瞬间动词和延续性动词的转换瞬间动词和延续性动词的转换buybuyhavehave borrowborrowkeepkeep put onput onwearwear beginbeginbe onbe on leaveleavebe awaybe away leave spleave spbe away from spbe away from sp joinjoinbe inbe in dieddiedbe deadbe dead arrive in/at, get to, reach, come to, go arrive in/at, get to, reach, come to, go to, move toto, move tobe in sp be in sp return to, come back, go back return to, come back, go back be back be back come/go outcome/go out be out be out becomebecomebebecloseclosebe closedbe closed open openbe openbe open get upget upbe up be up marrymarrybe marriedfinish/endbe marriedfinish/endbe be overover fall asleep/get to sleepfall asleep/get to sleepbe asleepbe asleep start/begin to dostart/begin to do docatch a cold docatch a coldhave a clodhave a clod loselosenot havenot have join the league/party/army join the league/party/army be in be in the league/party/army the league/party/army be a member of the league/party/armybe a member of the league/party/armybe a league member/ a party member/a soldierbe a league member/ a party member/a soldiereg: I bought the bike 3 years ago. eg: I bought the bike 3 years ago. I have had the bike I have had the bike for 3 yearsfor 3 years/ /since 3 years since 3 years agoago .eg: The movie began 5 minutes ago. .eg: The movie began 5 minutes ago. The movie has been on The movie has been on for 5 minutesfor 5 minutes/ /since 5 minutes since 5 minutes agoago.eg: The old man died in 1999. .eg: The old man died in 1999. The old man has been dead since 1999.The old man has been dead since 1999.eg: My brother joined the army 3 years ago. eg: My brother joined the army 3 years ago. My brother has been in the army for 3 years. My brother has been in the army for 3 years. My brother has been a soldier for 3 years.eg: My brother has been a soldier for 3 years.eg: Tom arrived here 30 minutes ago. Tom arrived here 30 minutes ago. Tom has been here for 30 minutes.eg: I started Tom has been here for 30 minutes.eg: I started to teach here 3 years ago. to teach here 3 years ago. I have taught here for 3 years.I have taught here for 3 years.瞬间动词的瞬间动词的否定式否定式可以和段时间状语连用可以和段时间状语连用eg： I havent bought clothes for 2 years.我两年没买衣服了。我两年没买衣服了。eg： I havent left my room for 3 days. 我三天没出屋了。我三天没出屋了。 练习：.短暂性转换延续性1) His grandfather died two years ago . His grandfather has _ _ for two years. _two years _ his grandfather _. Two years _ _ _ his grandfather _.2) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.3) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.4) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.been deadIts sincediedhas passed sincediedhave been 22 yearshas been closed two hourshas been open5.He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.6.The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.7.They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.8.I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.has been away formhas been on two minuteshave kept last weekhave had two hours9.They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.10.The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.11.My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.12.I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have been married 1990has been overhas been soldier two yearshas been the armyhave wore three years现在完成时常用句型 1. It is/has been 时间段时间段 since . 或或 一段时间一段时间 has passed since.Eg: It is/ Its/ It has been 3 years since I left my hometown.= Three years has passed since I left my hometown. It is 10 years since I came back to China。练一练：练一练： 自从我回到中国已经自从我回到中国已经10年年。自从我离开家乡已经三年了自从我离开家乡已经三年了。Ten years has passed since I came back to China。自从我离开家乡三年自从我离开家乡三年已经过去已经过去了了。2. It is the first/second.time that 现在完成的句子现在完成的句子 Eg: It is the third time that I have met him. 这是我第三次遇见那个人这是我第三次遇见那个人。练一练：练一练： 这是他第三次结婚。这是他第三次结婚。It is the third time that he has got married.3. 主语主语 be动词动词 the 形容词最高级名词单数形容词最高级名词单数that现在完成时句子现在完成时句子eg: This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.练一练：这是我听过的最好听的歌练一练：这是我听过的最好听的歌。This is the best song that I have ever heard。一个意思，五种表达一个意思，五种表达1. I bought the bike 3 years ago. 2.I 1. I bought the bike 3 years ago. 2.I have had the bike for 3 years .3.I have had the bike since 3 have had the bike for 3 years .3.I have had the bike since 3 years ago.4.Ityears ago.4.Its/ It is / It has been 3 years since I bought s/ It is / It has been 3 years since I bought the bike. 5.Three years has passed since I bought the bike.the bike. 5.Three years has passed since I bought the bike.一个意思，五种表达一个意思，五种表达1.Tom arrived here 30 minutes ago. 1.Tom arrived here 30 minutes ago. 2.2.3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 一个意思，五种表达一个意思，五种表达1. I bought the bike 3 years ago. 2.I 1. I bought the bike 3 years ago. 2.I have had the bike for 3 years .3.I have had the bike since 3 have had the bike for 3 years .3.I have had the bike since 3 years ago.4.Ityears ago.4.Its/ It is / It has been 3 years since I bought s/ It is / It has been 3 years since I bought the bike. 5.Three years has passed since I bought the bike.the bike. 5.Three years has passed since I bought the bike.Tom has been here for 30 minutes.Tom has been here for 30 minutes.Tom has been here since 30 minutes ago.Tom has been here since 30 minutes ago.It has been 30 minutes since Tom arrived here.It has been 30 minutes since Tom arrived here.30 minutes has passed since Tom arrive here.30 minutes has passed since Tom arrive here.一个意思，五种表达一个意思，五种表达1.The movie began 5 minutes ago.1.The movie began 5 minutes ago.2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 一个意思，五种表达一个意思，五种表达1. I bought the bike 3 years ago. 2.I 1. I bought the bike 3 years ago. 2.I have had the bike for 3 years .3.I have had the bike since 3 have had the bike for 3 years .3.I have had the bike since 3 years ago.4.Ityears ago.4.Its/ It is / It has been 3 years since I bought s/ It is / It has been 3 years since I bought the bike. 5.Three years has passed since I bought the bike.the bike. 5.Three years has passed since I bought the bike.The movie has been on for 30 minutes.The movie has been on for 30 minutes.The movie has been on since 30 minutes ago.The movie has been on since 30 minutes ago.It has been on 30 minutes since the movie began.It has been on 30 minutes since the movie began.30 minutes has passed since the movie began.30 minutes has passed since the movie began.一个意思，五种表达一个意思，五种表达1.I started to teach here 3 years ago. 1.I started to teach here 3 years ago. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 一个意思，五种表达一个意思，五种表达1. I bought the bike 3 years ago. 2.I 1. I bought the bike 3 years ago. 2.I have had the bike for 3 years .3.I have had the bike since 3 have had the bike for 3 years .3.I have had the bike since 3 years ago.4.Ityears ago.4.Its/ It is / It has been 3 years since I bought s/ It is / It has been 3 years since I bought the bike. 5.Three years has passed since I bought the bike.the bike. 5.Three years has passed since I bought the bike.It has been 3 years since I started to teach here.It has been 3 years since I started to teach here.I have taught here since 3 years ago.I have taught here since 3 years ago.3 years has passed since I started to teach here.3 years has passed since I started to teach here.I have taught here for 3 years.I have taught here for 3 years.一个意思，五种表达一个意思，五种表达1. The old man died in 2000.1. The old man died in 2000.2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 一个意思，五种表达一个意思，五种表达1. I bought the bike 3 years ago. 2.I 1. I bought the bike 3 years ago. 2.I have had the bike for 3 years .3.I have had the bike since 3 have had the bike for 3 years .3.I have had the bike since 3 years ago.4.Ityears ago.4.Its/ It is / It has been 3 years since I bought s/ It is / It has been 3 years since I bought the bike. 5.Three years has passed since I bought the bike.the bike. 5.Three years has passed since I bought the bike.The man has been dead for 22 years.The man has been dead for 22 years.The man has been dead since 22 years ago.The man has been dead since 22 years ago.It has been 22 years since the man died.It has b