《分析化学（上）》教学大纲.docx

分析化学（上）教学大纲-正文内容开始- 分析化学(上)课程教学大纲（三号黑体） 课程代码：09041035 课程类别：大类基础课程 授课对象：强化班 专业 开课学期：春季 学分：3学分 指定教材：Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchFundamentals of Analytical ChemistryBrooks Cole; 8 edition (August 7, 2022) 一、教学目的： 分析化学是化学专业类学生的主要基础课之一，它的理论知识和方法不仅是分析化学研究的基础，也是从事化学教育、化学、生物、地质、环境、材料等学科工作的基础。学习本课程的目的，在于使学生掌握定量及仪器分析的基本原理、基础知识和基本操作，培养学生实事求是的科学态度，建立起严格的“量”的概念，培养学生具有从事相关的理论研究与实际应用能力。 二、课程内容 Chapter 1 Introduction on Analytical Chemistry 课时：1周，共3课时 Content The definition of analytical chemistry, function Teaching Outline: Classification and Nomenclature, the aim, the function of analytical chemistry The history and recent development Teaching Outline: recent development; definition of on-line, real-time and in-vivo; gravimetry, titrimetry Quantitative and qualitative analysis Teaching Outline: Quantitative analysis; qualitative analysis; major, micro, trace, and ultratrace analysis Introduction on titration analysis Teaching Outline: titrimetry; standard solution; stoichiometric point, end point; classification of titrimetry; direct titration, back titration, replacement titration, indirect titration; calculations in titrimetry Sample collection and pretreatment Teaching Outline: preparation on inorganic samples; sample collection; fusion, dry ashing, wet ashing, microwave digestion Chapter 2 Errors and Data processing in Quantitative Analysis 课时：2周，共5课时 Content 2.1 Errors in analytical chemistry Teaching Outline: Systematic errors, random errors, precision and accuracy, central value, deviation and error, average deviation and standard deviation, mean, 2.2 Distribution of random errors Teaching Outline: distribution rule of random error, the Gaussian curves, areas under a Gaussian curve, standard error of the mean, confidence intervals, 2.3 Statistic of limited data Teaching Outline: T distribution; compare a mean with a true value (t test); compare two precisions (F test); comparing two means (u test) 2.4 Methods for the improvement of accuracy Teaching Outline: selection of analytical methods, elimination of systematic errors, add time of tests, reduce random errors 2.5 Regression equation Teaching Outline: regression equation, correlation coefficient 2.6 significant figures Teaching Outline: significant figures, counting rules, arithmetic rules Chapter 3 Acid-base Equilibria and Acid-Base Titration 课时：3周，共9课时 Content 3.1 Acid-base titration in aqueous solutions Teaching Outline: Acid-base theory, dissociation constant, concentration, activity and activity coefficient 3.2 Distribution of various formations in acid-base solution Teaching Outline: analytical concentration and equilibrium concentration, influence of acidity on the formations in acid-base solution 3.3 calculation of pH Teaching Outline: proton balance equation, calculation of various solution, strong acids or bases, weak acids or bases, monoprotic acid, polyprotic acid 3.4 Buffer solution for acid-base pairs Teaching Outline: buffer capacity, calculation of pH value of buffer solution, common buffer solutions and their preparation 3.5 Acid-base indicators Teaching Outline: working mechanism of indicators, common indicators and their transition range, hybrid indicators 3.6 acid-base titration Teaching Outline: titration curves; the end point break; titration in strong acid (base), polyprotic acids and mixtures; selection of indicators; titration error 3.7 application of acid-base titration Teaching Outline: preparation of standard solutions and their calibration; influence of carbon dioxide in titration; application of acid-base titration: titration of boric acid, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination Chapter 4 Complexometric Titration 课时：2周，共7课时 Content 4.1 Introduction on complexometric titration Teaching Outline: complexometry in analytical chemistry, property of EDTA and its applicaitionin complexometric titration 4.2 Complexometric equilibria Teaching Outline: stability (formation) constant, dissociation constant; distruibution of various formations in aqueous solution; metal ion buffers 4.3 Conditional formation constant Teaching Outline: side reaction; side reaction coefficient; conditional formation constant 4.4 Metal ion indicators, Teaching Outline: working mechanism of metal ion indicators; turning point and selection of metal ion indicators; commonly used metal ion indicators 4.5 Basic principles for complexometric titration Teaching Outline: titration curve and change of concentration during the titration process; factors influence the end point break; the end point error and its calculations 4.6 Acidity control in complexometric titration Teaching Outline: feasibility of titration test in a single metal ion solution; control of acidity single metal ion titration; the highest, the lowest and the best acidity; feasibility of titration test in multi-ion solutions 4.7 Methods for the improvement of selectivity in complexometric titration Teaching Outline: control the acidity; masking agent and dismasking agent 4.8 Application of complexometric titration Teaching Outline: direct titration, indirect titration, back titration and displacement titration; masking; preparation and calibration of EDTA standard Chapter 5 Oxidation-reduction Titration 课时：2周，共5课时 Content 5.1 Redox equlibria Teaching Outline: conditional potentials; ionic strength effect, side reaction effect; acidity effect; rate of redox reactions, self-catalyzed reaction and induced reaction 5.2 Redox titration Teaching Outline: redox titration curve; end-point potential; redox indicators; commonly used indicators; preadjustement: preoxidation and preresduction 5.3 Application of redox titration Teaching Outline: potassium permanganate method; potassium dichromate; starch-iodine method, iodimetry (direct) and iodometry (indirect), use of starch indicator Chapter 6 Precipitation titration 课时：0.5周，共1课时 Teaching Outline: Precipitation reaction, principles and applications of Mohr titration, Volhard titration and Fajans titration Chapter 7 Gravimetry 课时：2周，共5课时 Content 7.1 introductions Teaching Outline: classification of Gravimetry and its properties; procedure of gravimetric analysis; requirement on the precipitation form 7.2 solubility of precipitation Teaching Outline: solubility and intrinsic solubility; activity product, solubility product and conditional solubility product; common ion effect, salt effect, acid effect, compleximetric effect and other factors influence the solubility 7.3 formation of precipitations Teaching Outline: Classification of precipitations, crystalline precipitation and amorphous precipitation; Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation 7.4 Main factors influence the purity of precipitation Teaching Outline: Coprecipitation, adsorption co precipitation, occlusion and inclusion; post precipitation 7.5 Conditions for precipitation and post treatment Teaching Outline: Requirements for crystalline precipitation, amorphous precipitation; aging; homogeneous precipitation 7.6 Organic precipitation agents Teaching Outline: Classification and commonly used organic precipitation agents Chapter 8 Separation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry 课时：2周，共6课时 Content 8.1 introductions Teaching Outline: Separation and classification, recovery 8.2 Precipitation Teaching Outline: Inorganic precipitation, organic precipitation; separation and enrichment of co precipitation 8.3 Liquid-liquid extraction Teaching Outline: Essence of extraction, distribution constant and distribution ratio; efficiency of extraction, classification of extraction; requirements 8.4 Ion-exchange for separation Teaching Outline: ion-exchange resin types, properties and ion-exchange reactions; affinity; operations in ion-exchange; ion-exchange chromatography 8.5 chromatographic methods Teaching Outline: Principle on chromatographic separation, classification; paper, thin-layer and column chromatography 8.6 other techniques for separation Chapter 9 introduction on Electrochemical Analysis 课时：1周，共2课时 Content Teaching Outline: Classification of electrochemical methods, their application Electrochemical cells, potential, classification of cells, Cottrell equation, Faradys law Introduction on conductivity analysis Chapter 10 Pontentiometry 课时：1周，共4课时 Content 10.1 Basic principles Teaching Outline: Electrode potential and its relation with concentration, calomel electrode, electrodes of the first, second and third kind 10.2 ion-selective electrodes Teaching Outline: Glass electrode, single crystal electrode, polycrystalline or mixed crystal electrode, membrane electrode, membrane potentials and boundary potentials; Nernst equation; selectivity coefficients, detection limit 10.3 Application of ion-selective electrodes Teaching Outline: Method for the detection of ion activity; definition and measurement of pH 10.4 Potentiometric titrations Teaching Outline: Types of potentiometric titration, working electrode; Automatic potentiometric Titrator Chapter 11 Coulometry 课时：1周，共3课时 Content 11.1 Basic principles Teaching Outline: Applied potential and overpontential, influence of the solution component on electrolysis potential 11.2 Electricity gravimetric method Teaching Outline: Potentiostats; requirement for a quantitative electrolysis; application of Electricity gravimetric method 11.3 Coulometry Teaching Outline: Faradys law, controlled-potential Coulometry; controlled-potential Coulometric titration; Automatic Coulometer Chapter 12 Polarography and Voltammetry 课时：1周，共4课时 Content 12.1 basic principles Teaching Outline: Basic process of polarography and the setup; Dropping mercury electrodes and solid Electrodes; E-i curve; 12.2 Polarographic current Teaching Outline: Diffusion current and Diffusion current equation; half-wave potential 12.3 Application of polarography Teaching Outline: quantitative and qualitative method for polarography, application of polarography 12.4 New polarography and voltammetry Teaching Outline: excitation signals in Voltammetry; Volatmetric instrumentation; Hydrodynamic Voltametry; cyclic and pulse Voltametry; application of Voltametry and the stripping methods 三、各章课时分配表 章序号 章内容 学时数 1 Introduction on Analytical Chemistry 3 2 Errors and Data processing in Quantitative Analysis 5 3 Acid-base Equilibria and Acid-Base Titration 9 4 Complexometric Titration 7 5 Oxidation-reduction Titration 5 6 Precipitation titration 1 7 Gravimetry 5 8 Separation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry 6 9 introduction on Electrochemical Analysis 2 10 Pontentiometry 4 11 Coulometry 3 12 Polarography and Voltammetry 4 总计 54 参考书目 Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, Wiley; 6 edition (March 14, 2022) Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Brooks Cole; 8 edition August 7, 2022) Robert Kellner, Jean-Michel Mermet, Matthias Otto, Miguel Valcarcel, H. Michael Widmer Analytical Chemistry: A Modern Approach to Analytical Science, Wiley-VCH; 2 edition (October 8, 2022) 第16页 共16页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页第 16 页 共 16 页