新概念英语第三册Lesson42Moderncavemen课件.pptx

solitude n.孤独，寂寞 be in solitude 孤独的 -The polar bear is in solitude at North Pole. -They fled the city and wanted to search for a place where they could live in solitude. live in solitude 独居 solitary adj. 同： alonelonely lure v.引诱，诱惑 lure sb. into doing sth. -The supermarket tries to lure the customers into purchasing with price discount s. n.诱惑，鱼饵 -He cant resist the temptation /lure by bribes. 同： tempt temptation rambler n.漫步者，散步者 ramble about 漫步于，闲逛 -I am looking forward to rambling about the streets of Paris. -The elder enjoy rambling in the park every day. 同： strollstroller take a stoll undertaking n. 任务，工作 undertake v.承担，接受 undertake a task/ a project /research/ a study undertake to do sth. ( to promise or agree to do sth.) 承诺/ 答应做某事 -He undertook to pay the rent in two days. undertaker n. 【B】殡葬人员（funeral director） foresight n. 预见，深谋远虑 have foresight to do sth.有的远见 -He had the foresight to buy this apartment before the house prices rose. foresightforesee fore- 前缀 1）前部的 foredeck forehead forearm 2）预见的 forecast foretell -sight shortsighted farsighted insight 洞察力 insight into 对的洞察力 distinguished adj.杰出的，著名的 distinct adj.不同的 distinguish v. 区分，辨别 distinguish between right and wrong distinguish sb./sth.from flaw n. 裂缝 ， 缺陷 a flaw in the jade 瑕疵 a flaw in the contract 合同里的漏洞 a flaw in ones character 性格的缺陷 fatal flaw 致命缺陷 flawless= perfect -The factor that distinguished this company from the competition is customer service. 脱颖而出 同： outstandingstand out be distinguished for =be famous for distinguished guests 尊敬的来宾 wade v.涉水，蹚水 ；费力地行走 wade in 介入 -In the past the parents always/invariably wade in childrens marriage. 包办婚姻 arranged marriage gear n.一套用具 ；齿轮，传动装置 v. 调整，使适合 in gearout gear 已挂上齿轮齿轮脱开 high gearlow gear 高速挡低速档 -The elective courses had been geared towards the specific needs of some students. gear to / toward 使适合于 =adjust to inflatable adj.可充气的 inflate v.膨胀，使充气 currency inflation （=currency expansion）- currency deflation （=deflation） reflation 通货再膨胀 insistent adj.连续的，不断的 be insistent on 坚持 =(v.) insist on -Although it seems ridiculous to most people , Forrest was insistent on his point. be insistent that sb.(should) do sth. 坚持要某人做某事 【辨】 1）persistent adj.persist/ in doing sth. (continue to do sth., although this is difficult or other people warn you not to do it) 2）perseveringpersevere/ in doing sth. (continue to do sth.in a very determined way in spite of difficulties) 坚持不懈（含褒义） boom v.轰响，迅速发展 n.繁荣，兴旺 baby boom 婴儿潮，生育高峰 boom years 景气年份 economic boom booming adj.= prosperous=flourishing limestone n.石灰石 lime石灰+stone keystone 重点，要旨 milestone 里程碑 stonewall 石壁，难以逾越的障碍 Stone Age 石器时代 stonehearted adj.铁石心肠的 stone deaf adj.完全聋的 kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕，一石二鸟，一举两得 Text： （L1）Cave exploration, or potholing, as it has come to be known, is a relatively new sport. （L1）写文章时学会使用插入语 -Shopping online，as it has come to be known, is a fashional way to buy things you need. -This phenomenon , as it has come to be noticed, is hard to explain. -This problem , in my eyes, should be taken effective measures to slove as soon as possible. Text： （L2）Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures men down to the depths of the earth. （L3）unexpected adj.出乎意料的 -Well，you are here too! This really is unexpected pleasure! -Unexpected! 不速之客 an unexpected guest great expectation 远大前程 expectation n. in expectationout of expectation of life = life expectancy 平均寿命，预期寿命 live up to ones expectation fail ones （=fail sb.） Text： （L4）It is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a pot-holers motives. For him, caves have the same peculiar fascination which high mountains have for the climber. They arouse instincts which can only be dimly understood. （L7）instinct n.本能，直觉；天性 by instinct -我本能地抓住最后一根救命稻草。 -I grasp the last straw by distinct. have an instinct for sth. 生性爱好 -He has an instinct for piano , and he is a born pianist. 同： the sixth sense subconscious instinctive adj.本能的 Text： （L8）Exploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday afternoon rambler. Such undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations. It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave. (L10) descent n.下降; 斜坡；血统，世系 steep descent 陡坡 descent =descendant 后代，后辈 ancestor people of Chinese descent 炎黄子孙，龙的传人 Text： （L10）Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer. The deepest known cave in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble. （L10）precaution n. 预防，预防措施 pre- 1）预先 predict preview 预览，试映，首映 prepay pre-arranged 2）之前的 pre-warpost-war pre-birth pre-revolution post- 1）之后的 Post-election post-liberation post-medieval中世纪后 2）邮（政）的 Post-office postcard postcode cautioncautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的 take precautions 采取预防措施 precautions against earthquake 防震措施 precautionary adj. 预防的 Text： （L12）It extends to a depth of 3723 feet. This immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream which has tunnelled a course through a flaw in the rocks. The entrance to the cave is on a plateau in the Dauphine Alps. Text： （L14）As it is only six feet across, it is barely noticeable. The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French potholer, Berger. Text： （L16）Since its discovery, it has become a sort of pot-holers Everest. Though a number of descents have been made, much of it still remains to be explored. Text： （L18）A team of pot-holers recently went down the Gouffre Berger. After entering the narrow gap on the plateau, they climbed down the steep sides of the cave until they came to a narrow corridor. （L19）steep adj.陡峭的； 急剧（上升或下降）的 -There has been a steep rise in prises. Text： （L19）They had to edge their way along this, sometimes wading across shallow streams, or swimming across deep pools. Suddenly they came to a waterfall which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave. Text： （L21）They plunged into the lake, and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy, let the current carry them to the other side. To protect themselves from the icy water, they had to wear special rubber suits. Text： （L23）At the far end of the lake, they came to huge piles of rubble which had been washed up by the water. In this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small water-spout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave. Text： （L26）Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, the potholers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall. Text： （L27）After switching on powerful arc lights, they saw great stalagmitessome of them over forty feet high-rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof. Round about, piles of lime-stone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow. （L27）switch n. 开关，电闸；转换 v.转换，改变 power switch 电源开关 control the switch switch onswitch off = turn onturn off -The time of talk has been switch to the afternoon. (会谈) （L28）trunk n.树干 tree trunk trunk road 干道，干线 trunk tream 干流，主流 elephant trunk 象鼻 -This trunk is yours? God! Its too heavy. (大)行李箱，（汽车后部行李箱= car boot） Text： （L29）In the eerie silence of the cavern, the only sound that could be heard was made by water which dripped continuously from the high dome above them.洞穴勘查或洞穴勘探是一项比较新的体育活动。寻求独处的愿望或寻求意外发现的机会的欲望吸引人们来到地下深处。要想对洞穴探险者的动机作出满意的解释是不可能的。对洞穴探险者来说，洞穴有一种特殊的魅力，就像高山对登山者有特殊魅力一样。为什么洞空能引发人的那种探险本能，人们对此只能有一种模模糊糊的理解。 探测非常深的洞穴不是那些在星期日下午漫步的人所能胜任的。这种活动需要有军事行动般的周密布署和预见能力。有时需要花费整整8天时间来搭起绳梯，建立供应基地，然后才能到一个很深的洞穴里。作出这样的准备是必要的，因为无法预见到洞穴探险者究竟会遇到什么性质的困难。世界上最深的洞穴是格里诺布尔附近的高弗.伯杰洞，深达3,723英尺。这个深邃的洞穴是由一条地下暗泉冲刷岩石中的缝隙并使之慢慢变大而形成的。此洞的洞口在丹芬阿尔卑斯山的高原上，仅6英尺宽，很难被发现。若不是法国著名洞穴探险家伯杰由于偶然的机会发现了这个洞口的话，这个洞也许不会为人所知。自从被发现以后，这个洞成了洞穴探险者的珠穆朗玛峰，人们多次进入洞内探险，但至今尚有不少东西有待勘探。 最近，一队洞穴探险者下到了高弗.伯杰洞里。他们从高原上的窄缝进去，顺着笔直陡峭的洞壁往下爬。来到一条狭窄的走廊上。他们不得不侧着身子往前走，有时过浅溪，有时游过深潭。突然，他们来到一道瀑布前，那瀑布奔泻而下，注入洞底一处地下湖里。他们跳入湖中，把各种器具装上一只充气的橡皮艇，听任水流将他们带往对岸。湖水冰冷刺骨，他们必须穿上一种特制的橡皮服以保护自己。在湖的尽头，他们见到一大堆一大堆由湖水冲刷上岸的碎石。在这儿，他们可以听见一种连续不断的轰鸣声。后来他们发现这是由山洞顶部的一个小孔里喷出的水柱跌落到水潭中发出的声音。洞穴探险者从岩石缝里挤身过去，来到一个巨大的洞里，其大小相当于一个音乐厅。他们打开强力弧光灯，看见一株株巨大的石笋，有的高达40英尺，像树干似地向上长着，与洞顶悬挂下来的钟乳石相接。周围是一堆堆石灰石，像彩虹一样闪闪发光。洞里有一种可怕的寂静，唯一的可以听见的声响是高高的圆顶上不间断地滴水的嘀嗒声。 10、（L15）The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer. 虚拟语气条件句 -如果他站在我的立场，他同样会这么做。 -If he were in my position, he would do the same. he were in my position, he would do the same. -Were he in my position , he would do the same.（倒装） 1）在虚拟语气中，用if引导的非真实条件句可以省略连词if，但须将谓语中的were，had，should提至主语前。 如果他明天能来的话，他一定会帮我们干活。 If he should come tomorrow, he would help us with our work. Should he come tomorrow, he would help us with our work. -Were he to come ，what should we do？ -If he were to come， what should we do？ - If he were not to come， what should we do？ -Were not he to come ，what should we do？ 2）否定结构要将not紧跟were，had，should后，这样的倒装于主句之前或之后皆可。 -what should we do were not he to come ？ 10、（L15）（The cave might never have been discovered ）had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer. 还原： （The cave might never have been discovered ）if the entrance had not been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer. if the entrance had not been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer