book3Unit4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars词汇.ppt

1.system n. 系统，体系；制度系统，体系；制度 systematic adj.(有）系统的；有条理的有）系统的；有条理的 systematically adv. （有）系统地；有条理地（有）系统地；有条理地 搭配：the solar system 太阳系 a railway system 铁路系统government systems 政府体系 the capitalist system 资本主义制度 The computer system broke down. 计算机系统瘫痪了。计算机系统瘫痪了。 The teacher has a special system of teaching.这位老师教学方法很独特。这位老师教学方法很独特。 2.theory n. 学说；理论学说；理论 Darwins theory of evolution 达尔文进化论 The theory of relativity 相对论 反义：practice 实践 Einstein put forward his new theory of relativity. 3.violent (adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的猛烈的；激烈的； 猛烈的进攻 通过暴力通过暴力 极度痛苦 (adv.) 猛烈地；激烈地；猛烈地；激烈地； (n.) 猛烈；激烈；暴力；猛烈；激烈；暴力；船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。The boat sank in a _ _ at sea.violent stormviolentlya violent attack by violence violent painviolence4. in time: (sooner or later; eventually; )迟早迟早,终于终于 Ill see him in time. 总有一天我会遇见他。总有一天我会遇见他。 in time (for sth. /to do sth.): not late及时及时 She will be back in time to prepare dinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。她来得及回来准备晚饭。与与time相关的短语相关的短语: on time 按时按时;准时准时 at one time 从前从前 for the time being 暂时暂时 from time to time 不时地不时地 in no time 立刻立刻,马上马上 at times 有时有时 at a time 每次每次;依次依次 once upon a time 从前从前 5.unlike prep. 不同；不像不同；不像 unlike him, his son is tall. adj. 不同的不同的 The sisters are quite unlike. unlikely adv. 未必得，不见得的未必得，不见得的 注意与注意与 dislike “不喜欢不喜欢”区分开来。区分开来。6.harmful (adj.) 有害的有害的harmless反义词反义词harm (n.& v.)be harmful to = do harm to 对对有害有害 = harm(v.) sb.(n.)1) Smoking _ your health.is harmful to2) 那个老人从未伤害过任何人。那个老人从未伤害过任何人。The old has never harmed anybody.无害的无害的7.Lie, lie , lay 的区别如下的区别如下:动词原动词原形形第三人第三人称单数称单数过去式过去式过去分过去分词词现在分现在分词词中文释中文释义义 lieliesliedliedlying撒谎撒谎;谎谎话话 lie lieslaylainlying躺躺; 位位于于 laylayslaidlaidlaying放置放置; 下蛋下蛋The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had_ two eggs the day before.A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lainC. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laidD8.exist vi. 存在；生存存在；生存 existent adj. 存在的；生存的存在的；生存的 existence n. 存在；生存存在；生存搭配：搭配：exist in 存在于存在于之中之中 exist on 靠靠为生（为生（=live on) exist by 靠靠生存生存They cant exist on the money he is earning.The idea exists only in the minds of poets. in existence 现存的现存的 come into existence=come into being 开始存开始存在、成立在、成立When did this world come into existence? 9.give birth to 1) 生（孩子）生（孩子） Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。 2) 产生产生 The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel. 这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小说的诞生。说的诞生。10.in ones turn 轮到某人轮到某人 Its in your turn to read the passge. He cooked the meal in his turn this week. in turn 依次、轮流依次、轮流 Please enter the room in turn. by turns 轮流轮流We kept watch by turns .我们轮流守望。我们轮流守望。11.prevent sth. / sb. (from) doing sth. 制止制止(防防止止)某人某人(某物某物)做某事做某事Nothing can prevent this plan from being carried out. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事 prevent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from) doing sth., keep sb from doing sth注意：注意：keep sb. from doing sth.中中from不可省略不可省略,但如在被动语态中但如在被动语态中,他们他们中的中的from都不可省。都不可省。12.puzzle n 迷，难题迷，难题 v (使使) 迷惑；（使）为难迷惑；（使）为难 Can you figure out this puzzle? 你能找到谜底吗？你能找到谜底吗？ His behavior yesterday puzzled me .他昨天的行为使我迷惑。他昨天的行为使我迷惑。 puzzled adj puzzling adj puzzlement n. in puzzlement 困惑的困惑的 迷惑的迷惑的 令人困惑的令人困惑的 困惑困惑 疑虑疑虑 疑惑地疑惑地 He answered the_ question with a_ look_.puzzlingpuzzledin puzzlement 13.pull n.(c)拉力拉力;牵引力牵引力;扯引力扯引力If we want to make a trip into space, we must escape the pull of gravity.2)（对他人的）影响，影响力（对他人的）影响，影响力She has a lot of pull in that company.3) 吸引力（常用单数）吸引力（常用单数）The tides depend on the pull of the moon.4) 拉，牵，扯（反义词：拉，牵，扯（反义词：push)Help me move this piano; you pull and Ill push. 14.cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋感到高兴；感到振奋 We cheered up at the news. cheer v. 加油，欢呼，喝彩加油，欢呼，喝彩 The people cheered the football team. cheerful adj. cheerfully adv cheerfulness 1. 既然你忙既然你忙, 就让我给你做吧。就让我给你做吧。Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.2. 既然人都齐了既然人都齐了, 咱们开始干吧。咱们开始干吧。Now that everyone is here lets start work15.now that同同since相似，语气较弱，强调人相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。们已知的事实。16.break out它与它与happen, take place, come out等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。不能用于被动语态。1) 战争爆发战争爆发The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 美国内战爆发于美国内战爆发于1861年。年。2)发生发生 争吵争吵 A quarrel broke out between them. 他们之间发生了争吵。他们之间发生了争吵。3) (火灾火灾)发生发生 A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。昨晚他家里失火了。考点考点 break out 通常指战争、疾病、灾害等通常指战争、疾病、灾害等的爆发。不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语的爆发。不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。态。考例考例 I was still sleeping when the fire _, and then it spread quickly.(广东广东2006)A. broke out B. put outC. came out D. got out点拨点拨 put out 扑灭；扑灭；come out出来出来, 出版；出版；get out（使）出来。由（使）出来。由it spread quickly（火（火迅速蔓延）可知选迅速蔓延）可知选A。与与break相关的短语相关的短语: break down （机器）出故障，损坏；分解，起化（机器）出故障，损坏；分解，起化学变化；破坏；拆散学变化；破坏；拆散 break in 破门而入破门而入; 打断打断break away from 脱离脱离; 打破陈规打破陈规break through 突围突围; 突破突破; 冲垮冲垮; 克服克服break up 打碎打碎; 拆散拆散; 分裂分裂; 分解分解break ones word/promise食言食言; 说话不算数说话不算数Now that now that 既然，和since相当，有时候that会省略。 Now that everyone is here, lets begin our class. Now that you have got such a chance, you might as well (不妨，最好)make good use of it.17.watch out 注意，留神，小心注意，留神，小心Watch out! There is a car coming! look out 小心，注意小心，注意Look out! The road is full of holes.拓展：拓展：watch for sb/sth 观察等待观察等待The cat was on the wall,watching for birds.那只猫在墙上伺机捕捉鸟儿。那只猫在墙上伺机捕捉鸟儿。 Watch over 照管；监督；保护照管；监督；保护Good bye!Thank you for your attention !