book8-unit2-reading.ppt

In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made. Think about how they differ.Dolly the sheepIts the most famous sheep in the world. Do you know how Dolly is different from other sheep?She was cloned while the others were born naturally. It is the copy of another sheep.What can you see in the picture?I can see a strawberry plant producing runners in a natural form of cloning.Who cut the stem off the plant?A gardener. And the gardener is going to put it into a pot to produce another plant. He is actually making a copy of the plant.What do you know about twins?There are twins of the same sex and those of different sexes. The twins here are identical in sex and appearance and are good examples of natural clones. They carry the same genetic information. The fertilized egg has split into two while inside the mother, and so produced two identical human babies.Pre-readingQuestions about cloning:1. What is a clone?A clone is an animal or plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.2. How is a clone produced?The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man-made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.3. What benefits can humans gain from cloning?1) Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease帕金森症帕金森症 or Alzheimers disease老年痴呆症老年痴呆症).2) It can help infertile people have babies.4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned?1) People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever.2) People may want to clone dead children.3) People may want to clone their favorite pets.ReadingReading Listen to the tape and find out the main idea of each paragraph.Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.What is cloning ?It happens both in _ and in_. They can be cloned by _ and _.plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural cloneMan-made clonePara 1 The definition of cloning1.How many major uses do cloning have? Firstly, commercial Secondly, research2. When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born?Para 21996The major uses and procedures of cloningAt first, the fact that Dolly developed _ in a natural way was _.Later, the news _she lived for six years, half the length of the life of the _ one was _.Finally, the problem that occurred to the scientists was that a cloned animal lives_ the original one.Para 3The problems of Dollynormallyencouragingorginalthatas long as / shorter than / longer thandisturbingshorter thanThe word “controversial” in para 4 probably means _. A. complicated B. arguable C. importantPara 4The impact of DollyTrue or false:1 People feared that Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world.2 All the research into human beings will be forbidden.3 Some countries will use cloning in a wise way.Para 5 Peoples reaction to cloningMany governments forbade reserch into human beings.II. Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.DefinitionCloning is a way of making _ of another animal and plant.Major uses of cloning Gardeners use it to _ commercial quantities of plants. It is valuable for research on new plant species and for _ research on animals.an exact copyproducemedicalAbout Dolly the sheep Encouraging news: Dolly seemed to develop _. Disturbing news: Dolly lived only six and a half years, half the length of the life of the _ sheep, because of serious illnesses which were more appropriate to a _.normallyoriginalmuch older animalDifferent opinions on cloning Evil leaders hoped to clone _ to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders raised _ questions. Some governments _ research into human cloning but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate _ of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.themselvesmoralforbadeevidence1). The main idea of the text is_ A. animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world. B. animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden C. animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D. animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future.III. Choose the best answer after reading the passage again.2). Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to text? _ A. Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently. B. Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg. C. Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money. D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.细枝末节细枝末节A3). The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because_. A. its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D. many other attempts to clone mammals failedB4). The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because_. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep5). Dolly the sheepA. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the eggB. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleusC. looked like the sheep that gave birth to itD. had the characteristics of all three sheep6). It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal. usually lives as long as the original one B. usually lives longer than the original oneC. usually dies earlier than the original oneD. is usually as healthy as the original one7). Which of the following is wrong?A. Cloned people would live forever.B. Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid.C. A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband.D. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.8). The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 12 D. 13推理判断推理判断9). Which of the follow is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.C. There are moral objections to cloning human beings.D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.10). Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning? Cloning can be used for medical purposes. B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning. C. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned. D. Cloning can help keep animals from A. becoming extinct.11). In the second paragraph, the word “straightforward” means _.A. uncomplicated B. honest C. frank D. difficult12). From the last paragraph we can infer that _.A. cloning will come to an end because of the objectionsB. cloned human beings will be produced in the near futureC. many countries will use cloning in a wise wayD. all the research into human beings will be forbiddenC13). What about the writers attitude toward cloning in this passage? The writer is against cloning. The writer is in favor of cloning. The writer does not state any personal opinion about cloning. The writer is in agreement with A. cloning.Do you know about: the procedure works of a sheep? 克隆羊诞生图示克隆羊诞生图示 “多利多利”的诞生标志着克隆研究的诞生标志着克隆研究取得新的进展和重大突破取得新的进展和重大突破, ,而且这个结而且这个结果证明果证明: :动物体中执行特殊功能动物体中执行特殊功能, ,具有具有特定形态的所谓高度分化的细胞与受特定形态的所谓高度分化的细胞与受精卵一样具有发育成完整个体的潜在精卵一样具有发育成完整个体的潜在能力。也就是说能力。也就是说, ,动物细胞与植物细胞动物细胞与植物细胞一样一样, ,也具有全能性。也具有全能性。“多利多利”的诞生有什么重大的意义和影响？的诞生有什么重大的意义和影响？Is cloning people a good thing or a bad thing?1.克隆技术现在还不成熟克隆技术现在还不成熟,克克隆人可能有很多先天性生隆人可能有很多先天性生理缺陷。理缺陷。2.克隆人的身份难以认定克隆人的身份难以认定,他他们与被克隆者之间的关系们与被克隆者之间的关系无法纳入现有的伦理体系。无法纳入现有的伦理体系。反对克隆人反对克隆人3. 克隆技术有可能被滥用克隆技术有可能被滥用, ,成为恐怖分成为恐怖分子的工具。子的工具。4. 从生物多样性上来说从生物多样性上来说, ,大量基因结构大量基因结构完全相同的克隆人完全相同的克隆人, ,可能诱发新型疾可能诱发新型疾病的广泛传播病的广泛传播, ,对人类的生存不利。对人类的生存不利。1. “不让我们克隆人不让我们克隆人, 就是不让就是不让我们修正我们的错误我们修正我们的错误, 人类人类 历史难道能够这样构造历史难道能够这样构造吗？吗？”纽约时报书评纽约时报书评2. “当然应该当然应该克隆克隆人人, 如果如果谁第一个掌握了这个技术谁第一个掌握了这个技术, 他就是我真正的、也是唯他就是我真正的、也是唯一 的 竞 争 对 手 。一 的 竞 争 对 手 。 ” 比比尔尔盖茨盖茨支持克隆支持克隆人人3. “克隆人绝对是科学上了不起的进步克隆人绝对是科学上了不起的进步,克隆技术必将创造克隆技术必将创造21世纪的辉世纪的辉煌。煌。” 麻省理工学院生命工程教授麻省理工学院生命工程教授约翰约翰布洛克布洛克4. “人体商业化是人类经济活动中无与伦人体商业化是人类经济活动中无与伦比的成就比的成就, ,毫无疑问毫无疑问, ,克隆技术的出现克隆技术的出现将为世人创造一个最为广泛和深远的将为世人创造一个最为广泛和深远的市场。市场。” ” 英国英国经济学家经济学家杂志。杂志。Homework Finish the Ex.1, 2, 3 on Page13.结束结束