最新Beware the Dirty Seas(共74张PPT课件).pptx

Unit TwoBeware the Dirty Seas（当心肮脏当心肮脏(n zn)的海洋）的海洋）第一页，共七十四页。I. Pre-reading Questions Is the river near your home town clean or dirty? Take the Pearl River (the Zhujiang River) in Guangzhou, for example. You can take a night cruise on the Pearl River. Is it dirty? If so, what makes it dirty? What can be done about it?第二页，共七十四页。II. Water pollution 水污染水污染1.Water pollution is a major element of 20th-century environmental pollution. It includes the accumulation in oceans, lakes, rivers, and streams of physical, chemical, and biological substances that are either directly harmful to life or that have dangerous or harmful secondary and long-range effects. 2.The principal sources of water pollution are sewage(污水), industrial waste, garbage and refuse(废物(fiw), and agricultural fertilizers(农业化肥), pesticides(杀虫剂), and weed killers(除草剂). 第三页，共七十四页。II. Water pollution The two chief reasons for the contamination(污染) and exacerbation(恶化( hu) of the problem are industrialization(工业化) and urbanization(城镇化). Industrial wastes include dissolved minerals(溶解矿物质), toxic chemicals, and sediments(沉淀物). Modern industrial processes have polluted water with certain metals, such as lead(铅) and mercury(汞), while agricultural practices do so with a variety of pesticides.第四页，共七十四页。The Mediterranean Seal 地中海被北面的欧洲大陆，南面的非洲(fi zhu)大陆和东面的亚洲大陆包围着，东西共长约4000千米，南北最宽处大约为1800千米，面积（包括马尔马拉Marmara海，但不包括黑海）约为2,512,000平方公里(970,000平方英里)，是世界最大的陆间海。地中海是世界上最古老的海，历史比大西洋还要古老。第五页，共七十四页。沿岸(yn n)国家 欧洲国家（从西至东排序）：西班牙、法国、摩纳哥、意大利、马耳他（岛）、斯洛文尼亚、克罗地亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、黑山、阿尔巴尼亚、希腊、塞浦路斯（岛）。 亚洲(y zhu)国家（从北至南排序）：土耳其、叙利亚、黎巴嫩、以色列和巴勒斯坦自治政府。 非洲国家（从东至西排序）：埃及、利比亚、突尼斯、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥。第六页，共七十四页。 地中海作为陆间海，风浪较小，加之沿岸海岸线曲折、岛屿众多，拥有许多天然良好(lingho)的港口，成为沟通三个大陆的交通要道。这样的条件，使地中海从古代开始海上贸易就很繁盛，促进了古代古埃及文明古埃及文明、古希腊文明古希腊文明、罗马帝国等的发展。现在也是世界海上交通的重要地区之一。其沿岸的腓尼基人、克里特人、希腊人，以及后来的葡萄牙人和西班牙人都是航海业发达的民族。著名的航海家如哥伦布哥伦布、达达伽马伽马、麦哲伦麦哲伦等，都出自地中海沿岸的国家。第七页，共七十四页。About the article The text is about the polluted sea and arouse our great concerns to our living environment. Every year there is a lot of sewage(污水(w shu) poured into the seas. The waste of coastal cities(沿海城市), industry and factories poisons, etc, cause the seas to become dirty and cause many diseases which threaten peoples lives. Meanwhile, the seas are important tour places, and the common areas of the countries along them. They play very important roles to the countries and people in the areas, if not treated properly, they will bring great trouble to human beings.第八页，共七十四页。IV. Organization of the Text1 .Paragraphs 1 - 4. Introducing the topic: The Mediterranean is the most polluted sea in the world (thesis statement). (1) Causes and consequences of the pollution in general. (2 4)第九页，共七十四页。2. Paragraphs 5 10 First main cause - sewage Improper treatment of sewage by many Mediterranean countries. (5 7) Consequences: contamination of sea water and fish; greater likelihood of disease (8 10)第十页，共七十四页。3. Paragraphs 11 13 Second main cause - industries Untreated wastes emitted from factories along the coast and from factories located far inland. 4. Paragraphs 14 15 Other causes of pollution: pesticides(杀虫剂), detergents(清洁剂), fertilizers(化肥(hufi), oil, etc.第十一页，共七十四页。5. Paragraphs 16 20 Factors that lead to the severity of the case: narrow and shallow outlet of the Strait of Gibraltar (16); weak coastal currents（近岸流） and feeble tides（微弱(wiru)的潮汐） (17); long-standing practice of dumping wastes into the seas (18); multiplication of population and increasing number of tourists (19 20)第十二页，共七十四页。 6. Paragraphs 21 22 Conclusion: Efforts being made to solve the problem第十三页，共七十四页。 Every year 100 million holiday-makers(度假者) are drawn to（被吸引(xyn)到） the Mediterranean. With one-third of the worlds tourist trade(旅游业), it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations: it is also the most polluted.Paragraph 1holiday destination: holiday resort 度假胜地度假胜地第十四页，共七十四页。 It has only 1 per cent of the worlds sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar（石油(shyu)和焦油） floating on the waters. Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast sluices its sewage, untreated(未经处理), into the sea.Paragraph 2waters: the water of the stated rivers, lakes, etc海域. the upper waters of the Thames 泰晤士河上游(shngyu)South-China Sea waters 中国南海海域 international waters 国际海域sluice /slus/vt. 冲洗；开闸放水sewage /sud/ 污水(w shu)，污物sewage treatment 废水处理；sewage treatment plant 污水处理厂 domestic sewage 生活污水；家庭污水 urban sewage 城市污水 第十五页，共七十四页。 sluices its sewage, untreated, into the sea: let out into the sea the waste materials which have not been treated and not made safe as if through a sluice（水闸(shuzh)）, which is a passage for water.第十六页，共七十四页。 The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilisations(文明(wnmng), is gravely ill - the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved(逐步形成的) around it. Paragraph 3nurture n:t vt. 1. 给营养物，培植(pizh)： 2. 养育，培养，教养 to nurture ones offspring 抚养下一代3. 鼓励，促进，助长： to nurture promising musicians 培养有前途的音乐家fall victim to: suffer fromE.g.: fall victim to a disease / an explosion / ones own avariceto fall victim to the abilities and attitudes : to suffer from mans misuse of his abilities (or mans abilities to destroy) and his attitude of indifference towards environmental protection第十七页，共七十四页。What happens is that the Mediterranean, the cradle(摇篮,发源地) of many ancient cultures, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality(不负责任的态度(ti du)和心态). The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilisations(文明(wnmng), is gravely ill - the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved(逐步形成的) around it. 第十八页，共七十四页。 And the pollution does not merely stifle(抑制(yzh)，遏制) the life of the sea - it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores.Paragraph 3stifle: to (cause to) be unable to breathe comfortably, esp. because of heat and lack of fresh air（使）窒息；抑制E.g.: be stifled with smoke被烟熏得透不过气来 stifle political freedom扼杀政治自由 Shortages of basic materials stifled economic growth. 基本原料的匮乏抑制了经济发展(fzhn)。 stifle ones laughter (yawn, sobs)忍住笑（呵欠，抽泣）第十九页，共七十四页。Paragraph 3What relationship does the author establish in Paragraph 3 between the many civilizations the Mediterranean has nurtured and its pollution?SA: The relationship between the two is that of cause and effect(因果关系因果关系). Because of mans misuse of his abilities and his attitude of indifference towards environment protection, the Mediterranean, home to so many civilizations, is now in jeopardy（处于危险（处于危险(wixin)状态）状态）.第二十页，共七十四页。 Typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, polio, viral hepatitis and food poisoning are endemic(地方性的) in the area, and there are periodic (周期性的)outbreaks（爆发(bof)） of cholera.Paragraph 4Typhoid taifid 伤寒 typhoid fever 伤寒症 Paratyphoid prtafd 副伤寒Dysentery ds()nt()r 痢疾，腹泻Polio puliu 小儿麻痹症Viral hepatitis病毒性肝炎(n yn) hepatitis ,heptaitis肝炎(n yn)Food poisoning食物中毒 cholera klr n. 霍乱第二十一页，共七十四页。Paragraph 4endemic: (especially of a disease) found regularly in a particular place 地方性的地方性的E.g.: This is a problem endemic to the Western world. 这是西方世界普遍存在的一个问题。这是西方世界普遍存在的一个问题。 an endemic species 特有物种特有物种 endemic folkways 当地风俗当地风俗outbreak autbreik n. 1. (战争、叛乱战争、叛乱(pnlun)、感情等的、感情等的)爆发爆发2. (疾病、虫害等的疾病、虫害等的)突然蔓延，突然发生突然蔓延，突然发生 3. 暴乱，暴动暴乱，暴动第二十二页，共七十四页。IV. Organization of the Text1 .Paragraphs 1 - 4. Introducing the topic: The Mediterranean is the most polluted sea in the world (thesis statement). (1) Causes and consequences of the pollution in general. (2 4)第二十三页，共七十四页。 The mournful(悲哀(bi i)的) litany of disease is caused by sewage. Eighty-five per cent of the waste from the Mediterraneans 120 coastal cities is pushed out into the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. litany: litni a form of prayer for use in church services, recited by a priest with responses from the congregation集合, i.e., people attending a church service 应答(yngd)连祷 Here, litany is used in its transferred meaning（转义，引申义）, referring to the frequent outbreaks of disease.E.g.: commit a litany of crimes 犯一系列的罪犯一系列的罪the mournful litany of disease: the deplorable悲惨的 / appalling / dreadful repetitive重复的 occurrences of diseaseParagraph 5第二十四页，共七十四页。Paragraph 5What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore. Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out only half a mile from the shore, most cities do not even bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline.第二十五页，共七十四页。Paragraph 6 Less than 100,000 of Greeces four million coastal people have their sewage properly treated - and Greece, as our map shows, is one of the cleaner countries of the northern shore.第二十六页，共七十四页。Paragraph 6What does the author want to tell his readers in Paragraph 6?SA: He wants to tell his readers in Paragraph 6 that because of mans irresponsibility and indifference towards environmental protection, Greece is rated one of the few cleaner countries of the northern shore.第二十七页，共七十四页。Paragraph 7 The worst parts of the sea are the Israeli /Lebanon coast and between Barcelona and Genoa, which flushes out(排出(pi ch) over 200 tons of sewage each year for every mile of its length.flush out: to clean or drive out by a sudden flow of water; pour out; flood with water to clean out 冲出；泛滥E.g.: flush a toilet (lavatory) 抽水冲洗马桶（厕所） I was recommended fruit juices to flush nicotine nktin out of the body. 我得到劝告，应多喝果汁(guzh)以从体内排除尼古丁。第二十八页，共七十四页。 Not surprisingly, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesnt take long for these to reach people. Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. Other scientists say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk.Paragraph 8第二十九页，共七十四页。Paragraph 8are awash with bacteria: have a large amount of bacteriaAwash in its literal sense means “be covered in water”.E.g.: After a heavy rain, the streets were awash. rocks awash at high tide 涨潮时被淹没的岩石 The ships deck was awash. 船上的甲板(jibn)被浪潮冲打。Awash with is used figuratively, meaning “having a large amount of something,” as used in this sentence.The singular form of bacteria is bacterium.第三十页，共七十四页。Paragraph 9 An even greater danger lurks(潜伏) in the seductive (诱人的)seafood dishes that add so much interest to holiday menus. Shellfish are prime(主要(zhyo)的) carriers of many of the most vicious diseases(恶性疾病) of the area.lurk: to exist unseen 潜伏；潜藏(qincng)E.g.: A snake was lurking in the grass. 一条蛇正潜伏在草丛中。There is an even greater hidden danger in the attractive seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday makers.第三十一页，共七十四页。Paragraph 9What does the word “seductive” in Paragraph 9 imply?SA: Seductive comes from the word “seduce”, which is to persuade someone young and without sexual experience to have sex with one. Therefore seductive implies that the seafood dishes are seemingly attractive but threaten with great danger to health. 第三十二页，共七十四页。Paragraph 10 They often grow amid pollution. And even if they are frequently infected by the popular practice of freshen-ing them up - throwing filthy water over them in markets.infect infekt vt.1.【医学】传染；传播病菌于；感染： 2. She was infected with tuberculosis.她被传染上了肺结核。2. 使受影响，感染： His courage infected the followers.他的勇气激励了后来人。3. 使腐化；腐蚀： Young men became infected by drugs.年轻人受到毒品的腐蚀 4. 污染(wrn)： to infect the drinking water with sewage 污水污染了饮用水第三十三页，共七十四页。IV. Organization of the Text2. Paragraphs 5 10 First main cause - sewageImproper treatment of sewage by many Mediterranean countries. (5 7) Consequences: contamination of sea water and fish; greater likelihood of disease (8 10)第三十四页，共七十四页。Paragraph 11Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round(群集在) the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper waste-treatment plant（废物处理(chl)系统）. They do as much damage to the sea as sewage.Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents(废气(fiq).第三十五页，共七十四页。Paragraph 12 Fifteen thousand factories foul the Italian Ligurian riviera. Sixty thousand pollute the Tyrrhenian Sea between Sardinia, Sicily and the west Italian coast! The lagoon(咸水湖) of Venice alone receives the effluents(废弃物) of 76 factories.Ligurian riviera: ligjurin ,rivir利古里亚海岸Tyrrhenian Sea: tiri:nin 伊特鲁里亚海Sardinia s:dinj 撒丁岛 Sicily :西西里岛lagoon lu:n n. 1. 【地质学】咸水；泻湖2. 池塘(chtng)；水池；浅湖(常指靠近或与大湖、河流相通的小湖)亦作lagune3. (环)礁湖参较laguna第三十六页，共七十四页。Paragraph 12foul faul vt.1. 使肮脏，弄脏，弄污，污染： Factory chimneys foul the air with smoke.工厂烟囱的烟尘污染了空气。They fouled the water by throwing in garbage.他们向水中倾倒垃圾弄脏了水。2. 使丧失名誉，玷污(名誉等)，败坏： The scandal fouled her reputation.流言蜚语玷污了她的名声。effluent eflunt n. (阴沟、下水道、化粪池等的)流出物、废水、污水，废气射出物，流出物；尤指 (从河、湖、水库等)流出的水流，侧流，支流，溪流(核电站排出(pi ch)的)放射性废料，核废料 effluent treatment/disposal 废水处理 industrial /plant effluent 工业废液 effluent standard 排放标准；排污标准 adj.发出的；射出的；流出的，涌出的，溢出的，泻出的第三十七页，共七十四页。Paragraph 13 More filth comes washing down the rivers from industries far inland(内陆工厂(gngchng). The Po(波河) and the Rhone(罗纳河) are the dirtiest, followed by the Ebro(埃布罗河) and the Llohregat(罗布里夹河) in Spain, by the Adige(阿迪杰河) and the Tiber(台伯河) in Italy, and by the Nile(尼罗河).filth fil n.1. 污秽，污物，废料，垃圾(l j)2. 下流；猥亵，诲淫；猥亵语，下流话，脏话3.道德败坏，堕落Thousands of tons of filth and sewage pour into the river every day.每天都有成千上万吨的污物和污水排入河里。第三十八页，共七十四页。IV. Organization of the Text3. Paragraphs 11 13 Second main cause - industries Untreated wastes emitted from factories along the coast and from factories located far inland 第三十九页，共七十四页。Paragraph 14 Thousands of tons of pesticides(杀虫剂) are blown off the fields into (排出) the sea, detergents(清洁剂) from millions of sinks kill fish, and fertilisers (化肥(hufi), flushed out to (排出) sea, nourish explosions of plankton which cover bathers with itchy slime（粘液）.detergent dit:dnt n.洗涤剂，清洁剂laundry detergent 洗衣粉；洗衣精 synthetic detergent n. 化合成洗涤剂 liquid detergent 洗涤液，液体(yt)Itchy: t adj. 发痒的；渴望的have itchy feet渴望到处(doch)走动Ive got itchy feet我的脚痒Seeing others travelling abroad gave her itchy feet.见别人出国旅游，她心里也有点痒了。第四十页，共七十四页。Paragraph 14pesticide: pestisaid杀虫剂 a more general term is insecticide nsektsadWhat does the word “explosions” in Paragraph 14 mean?SA: It means rapid increase in amount or number.第四十一页，共七十四页。Paragraph 15 Then there is the oil - 350,000 tons pouring each year from ships, 115,000 tons more from industries round the shore. Recent studies show that the Mediterranean is four times as polluted by oil as the north Atlantic(北大西洋), 40 times as bad as the north-east Pacific(东北(dngbi)太平洋).第四十二页，共七十四页。Which of pollution apart from sewage and industry?SA: Paragraphs