James-Joyce(1).ppt

爱尔兰作家，诗人。爱尔兰作家，诗人。1882 年年2月月2日生于都日生于都柏柏林林信奉天主教的家庭，信奉天主教的家庭，1941 年年1月月13日卒于日卒于瑞士瑞士苏黎世苏黎世 。The most prominent stream-of- consciousness意识流意识流novelist.His virtuoso艺术鉴赏家艺术鉴赏家/artistic experiments in writing have recreated the form of modern novelIrish(爱尔兰)novelist, noted for his experimental use of language in such works as Ulysses 尤里西斯(1922) and Finnegans Wake芬尼根守灵 (1939). Joyces technical innovations创新 in the art of the novel include an extensive use of interior monologue内心独白内心独白; he used a complex network of symbolic parallels类似的 drawn from the mythology神话, history, and literature, and created a unique language of invented words, puns双关语双关语, and allusions典故典故. Writing styleJohn Stanislaus Joyce（an impoverished gentleman ）Mary Jane Murray（ an accomplished pianist ）6 years old in Clongowes Wood College1893-1897 at Belvedere College in Dublin1900, first publication an essay on Ibsens play When We Dead Awaken. It appeared in the Fortnightly Review1902,20 years old as a journalist, teacher and in other occupations under difficult financial conditionsHe spent a year in France, returning when a telegram arrived saying his mother was dying1904 , left Dublin with Nora Barnacle, a chambermaid who he married in 1931Irish novelist, noted for his experimental use of language in such works as Ulysses 尤里西斯(1922) and Finnegans Wake芬尼根守灵 (1939). Joyces technical innovations in the art of the novel include an extensive use of interior monologue; he used a complex network of symbolic parallels drawn from the mythology, history, and literature, and created a unique language of invented words, puns, and allusions. Ulysses (1922): an experimental work both in language and devices of narration. A center of controversy. Three major characters: Leopold Bloom, an Irish Jew, his wife, Marion Tweedy Bloom, and Stephen Dedalus, the protagonist主角主角in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. It present a realistic picture of the modem wasteland in which modem men are portrayed as vulgar and trivial creatures with splitting personalities, disillusioned ideals, sordid minds and broken families, who are searching in vain for harmonious human relationships and spiritual sustenance in a decaying world.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is a nearly complete rewrite of the abandoned novel Stephen Hero斯蒂芬.迪达勒斯. Joyce attempted to burn the original manuscript in a fit of rage during an argument with Nora, though to his subsequent relief it was rescued by his sister. A Knstlerroman, Portrait is a heavily autobiographical coming-of age novel depicting the childhood and adolescence of protagonist Stephen Dedalus and his gradual growth into artistic self-consciousness. Some hints of the techniques Joyce frequently employed in later works, such as stream of consciousness, interior monologue, and references to a characters psychic reality rather than to his external surroundings, are evident throughout this novelJohn Stanislaus Joyce（ an impoverished gentleman ）Mary Jane Murray（ an accomplished pianist ）6 years old in Clongowes Wood College1893-1897 at Belvedere College in Dublin1900, first publication an essay on Ibsens play When We Dead Awaken. It appeared in the Fortnightly Review1902,20 years old as a journalist, teacher and in other occupations under difficult financial conditionsHe spent a year in France, returning when a telegram arrived saying his mother was dying1904 , left Dublin with Nora Barnacle, a chambermaid who he married in 1931A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is a nearly complete rewrite of the abandoned novel Stephen Hero斯蒂芬.迪达勒斯. Joyce attempted to burn the original manuscript in a fit of rage during an argument with Nora, though to his subsequent relief it was rescued by his sister. A Knstlerroman, Portrait is a heavily autobiographical coming-of-age novel depicting the childhood and adolescence of protagonist Stephen Dedalus and his gradual growth into artistic self-consciousness. Some hints of the techniques Joyce frequently employed in later works, such as stream of consciousness, interior monologue, and references to a characters psychic reality rather than to his external surroundings, are evident throughout this novel如意识流、内心意识流、内心独白、和引用的人物的心理现实独白、和引用的人物的心理现实,而不是他的外部环境,很明显在这本小说 . Joseph Strick directed a film of the book in 1977 starring Luke Johnston, Bosco Hogan, T.P. McKenna and John Gielgud.长篇小说长篇小说尤利西斯尤利西斯是一个平凡的小人物一生中平是一个平凡的小人物一生中平凡一天的记录，即主人公广告经纪人利奥波德凡一天的记录，即主人公广告经纪人利奥波德布卢布卢姆姆在在1904年年6月月16日一天的活动。乔伊斯在本书中将日一天的活动。乔伊斯在本书中将象征主义象征主义与与自然主义自然主义铸于一炉，借用古铸于一炉，借用古希腊希腊史诗史诗奥奥德修纪德修纪的框架，把布卢姆一天的框架，把布卢姆一天18小时在都柏林的游小时在都柏林的游荡比作希腊史诗英雄尤利西斯荡比作希腊史诗英雄尤利西斯10年的海上漂泊，使年的海上漂泊，使尤利西斯尤利西斯具有了现代史诗的概括性。具有了现代史诗的概括性。尤利西斯尤利西斯以三个人物为主，除代表庸人主义的布卢姆外，还有以三个人物为主，除代表庸人主义的布卢姆外，还有他的妻子、代表肉欲主义的他的妻子、代表肉欲主义的莫莉莫莉以及代表虚无主义的以及代表虚无主义的青年斯蒂芬青年斯蒂芬迪达勒斯。小说通过这三个人一天的生迪达勒斯。小说通过这三个人一天的生活，把他们的全部历史、全部精神生活和内心世界表活，把他们的全部历史、全部精神生活和内心世界表现得淋漓尽致。现得淋漓尽致。 Introduction of James JoyceBiography Concept of the development of historyFeatures of his worksBritish LiteratureJames Joyce20James Joyce (1882-1941)BiographyBorn in a declining Irish middle class familyReceived good education, but the rigidity of the r e l i g i o n a n d i t s representative effect turned him away from the church to literatureBritish Literature21LOREM IPSUM DOLOR His literary passions included such worl d masters as Dante, Flaubert, Ibsen, and Tolstoy, and his first essay on Ibsen, published when he was a student at the University of Dublin, won the admiration of the aging Norwegian playwright himself.British Literature22LOREM IPSUM DOLORBritish Literature23LOREM IPSUM DOLORBritish Literature24LOREM IPSUM DOLORBritish Literature25LOREM IPSUM DOLOR A circular theory of history He believes that all societies pass through four stages. The first is a religious stage, when societies are governed by the peoples awe of gods and supernatural events. Second comes a feudal, aristocratic stage, when noblemen and kings are also heroic figures. LOREM IPSUM DOLOR This is followed by a democratic stage, during which individualism grows ever stronger and brings about the fourth stage. In the last stage, society breaks down, chaos and anarchy follows, and the confusion drives people back to a belief in the supernatural gods. Then the cycle begins again. (lyric form, narrative form, dramatic form) British Literature28Features of his worksBritish Literature29LOREM IPSUM DOLORBritish Literature30LOREM IPSUM DOLOR His descriptions of the sex encounters, the details of the human body, and the impure thoughts that flit through the minds of his characters proved to be repulsive and infuriating to the conservative taste at the time, but he did not care much about following the tyranny of opinion.British Literature31LOREM IPSUM DOLORBritish Literature32Dubliners Joyce on Dubliners:“a book about human fate as well as a series of sketches of Dublin”“My intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the center of paralysis.”British Literature34 Araby Arabia was one of the short stories from James Joyces short story collection called Dubliners first published in 1907. As James Joyce was born in Dublin , he chose to write stories about the everyday lives of men, women and children of this place during the late Victorian period. The schools , streets, businesses, hotels, and public figures generally appear under their real names and it accounts to the realistic style of the story.British Literature35An brief summary of ArabyBritish Literature36LOREM IPSUM DOLORBritish Literature37LOREM IPSUM DOLOR There he goes, sees the least romantic place (most incompatible with the romantic connotation of its name), and meets a young saleswoman, probably similar in age and silhouette to Mangans sister.British Literature38LOREM IPSUM DOLOR Appreciate of Araby1.setting2.characters3.Theme4.Major writing techniquesBritish Literature40Setting In “Araby”, James Joyce creates the larger part of the setting of a late 1800s or early 1900s lower income neighborhood of an urban city. By establishing this setting, he sets a basis in which the rest of the story is to take place. To outline the characters and the plot of the story, Joyce uses the setting to mold his characters niche, show the boys lifestyle, and create an escape from reality. British Literature41LOREM IPSUM DOLOR Darkness is used throughout the story as the prevailing theme. James Joyces story begins at dusk and continues through the evening during the winter in Araby, Ireland. He chooses this gloomy setting to be the home of a young boy who is infatuated with his neighbors sister. The boy is young and naive and he leads a dull and boring life. Joyce uses darkness to make the boys reality more believable through more vivid, precise descriptions.CharactersLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.LOREM IPSUM DOLOR Narrator: The narrator of this story is a young, sensitive boy who confuses a romantic crush(迷恋)and religious enthusiasm. All of the conflict in this story happens inside his mind. It is unlikely that the object of his crush, Mangans sister, is not aware of his feelings for her, nor is anybody else in this boys small world. Mangans SisterLOREM IPSUM DOLORMangans Sister：She was the girl to whom “I” had paid lots of attention; “I” watched her secretly; “I kept her brown figure always in my eye”; and when “I” was doing strange prayers that “I” didnt understand, her name sprang to my lips. LOREM IPSUM DOLOR These are all telling that Mangans sister is the boys dream, but in the whole novel, the girls name hasnt appeared. Why? Because what “I” know about my dream is only something superficial. His dream is just like the temple in the air, forming in the boys mind without any deep thinking or any deep understanding. “I” liked Mangans sister just as I liked The Memoirs of Vidocq, a book I found in the priests remains-“I liked the last best because its leaves were yellow.”LOREM IPSUM DOLOR Mangan: Mangan is the same age and in the same class at the Christian Brothers school as the narrator, and so he and the narrator often play together after school. His older sister is the object of the narrators confused feelings. 49 Other Characters Besides the boy and the girl , there are two other characters ,the boys uncle and aunt, in the story. Though they are not the main characters in the story , their characters exemplifies the typical Dubliners. As many Dubliners did, his uncle was a heavy drinker. He was so often drunk that the children had to keep an eye on him to make sure he could arrive home safely.LOREM IPSUM DOLOR In the story, certain characters contribute to the boys developing sense of maturity, and eventually, lead him into adulthood. Mangans sister, the boys uncle, the priest, and the girl at the bazaar all serve the purpose of molding the boy into a mature person. Alienation and LonelinessChange and Transformation Fantasy and Reality Theme Alienation and LonelinessThe theme of loneliness is introduced early in the story by the image of a deserted, isolated house and the narrators recollection of a priest who lived and died in their back room.LOREM IPSUM DOLOR The young protagonist seems isolated from his family. There is no mention of his parents; He lives with his aunt and uncle, and the uncle, in particular, appears insensitive to the boys feelings, coming home late even though he knows the boy wants to go to the bazaar. The boys crush on his friend Mangans sister seems to isolate him even further He is too tongue-tied to initiate a relationship with her, worshipping her from afar insteadLOREM IPSUM DOLOR Change and Transformation changing from an innocent young boy to a disillusioned adolescent.Although the narrator suddenly understands that his romantic fantasies are hopelessly different with the reality of his life, this understanding leaves him neither happy nor satisfied; instead, he feels “anguish and anger”. It is not clear what impact the narrators epiphany will have on his future development, only that that development has begun. Fantasy and RealityBritish Literature57 Major writing techniques 2. Symbolism In literature, a symbol is a thing that stands for or suggests something else by reason of relationship, association, convention or accidental resemblance, especially a visible sign of something invisible. LOREM IPSUM DOLORBritish LiteratureJames Joyce60 . The symbolic meanings of “blind”(1) The street is a dead-end street.(2) The shutters blur the boys sight.(3) It symbolizes that the boys love is only a fantasy and has no happy ending.the symbolic meaning of The North Richmond Street: the street was a symbol for the whole Ireland 3.Epiphany（顿悟）（顿悟）LOREM IPSUM DOLORLOREM IPSUM DOLORGazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.（last paragraph） He leaves Araby feeling ashamed and upset. This epiphany signals a change in the narrator-from an innocent, idealistic boy to an adolescent dealing with harsh realities.British Literature64 Stream of Consciousness （意识流）（意识流） In literary criticism, stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individuals point of view by giving the written equivalent of the characters thought processes. Stream-of-consciousness writing is strongly associated with the modernist movement .British Literature65LOREM IPSUM DOLOR In stream of consciousness, an author portrays a characters continuing “stream” of thoughts as they occur, regardless of whether they make sense or whether the next thought in a sequence relates to the previous thought. British Literature66LOREM IPSUM DOLOR进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着“怎么这么热怎么这么热”，于是三，于是三五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到“强子，别跑强子，别跑了，快来我给你扇扇了，快来我给你扇扇”。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，“你你看热的，跑什么？看热的，跑什么？”此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧道，袅道，袅