Language-points--unit-5-book-8分析.ppt

1. alternative n 词义词义 adj. 两者两者(或若干或若干)中择一的中择一的;供选择的供选择的 n. 供选择的东西供选择的东西(或办法等或办法等);选择的选择的 自由自由(或余地或余地)There are some_（alternative） to our plan. 有几种方案可以代替我们的计划。有几种方案可以代替我们的计划。He had no alternative but _(go) there alone. 他别无选择他别无选择, 只好一个人去那儿。只好一个人去那儿。经典句式经典句式 have no alternative but 除除外别无选择外别无选择; 只有只有; 只好只好alternativesto go根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子(1) 你能推荐你能推荐(recommend)别的选择吗？别的选择吗？Can you _?(2) 要是我不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可要是我不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭以自己带饭(have the alternative of doing)。If you dont like the school lunch, _ _.You have the alternative of bringing your ownrecommend an alternative( ) I plan to go back home to visit my family during the Spring Festival, but if I cant get the train ticket, I still have an _ plan: to visit the museums.alternate交替的; 轮流的; B. alternative C. absolute D. appreciable相当可观的; 可察觉的 春节期间我打算回家，但是如果买不到春节期间我打算回家，但是如果买不到车票，我还有别的安排车票，我还有别的安排B2. You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 想必你们知道想必你们知道, 正是在这儿我们找到正是在这儿我们找到 了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。据。 a. You must be aware that主句后接由强调主句后接由强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。 must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测是作为情态动词表示肯定推测, 译作译作“一一 定定, 肯定肯定”。只用于肯定推测。只用于肯定推测。 对现在对现在或将来事实推测，用或将来事实推测，用 “must do”。 You_ be hungry after a long walk 走了很长的路走了很长的路, 你一定很饿。你一定很饿。 must The light is on. He _(do) his homework now 灯亮着灯亮着, 他一定正在做作业。他一定正在做作业。 The ground is wet. It_ (rain) last night. 地是湿的地是湿的, 昨晚一定下雨了。昨晚一定下雨了。 对过去的事进行推测对过去的事进行推测, 用用“must have done”must be doingmust have rained对正发生或进行的事进行推测对正发生或进行的事进行推测, 用用“must be doing”。 此时此时, 应注意反意疑问句的构成。如果句应注意反意疑问句的构成。如果句中有表示过去的时间状语中有表示过去的时间状语, 反意疑问句用反意疑问句用“didnt+主语主语”; 如果句中无表示过去的时间如果句中无表示过去的时间状语状语, 反义疑问句用反义疑问句用 “havent/hasnt+主语主语”。 He must have arrived here last night,_? 他一定昨晚就来这儿了他一定昨晚就来这儿了, 不是吗不是吗? He must have arrived here,_? 他一定来这儿了他一定来这儿了, 不是吗不是吗?didnt hehasnt he be aware of sth. 知道；意识到知道；意识到 Though most smokers are aware_ the dangers of smoking, they wont given up. c. its here that we 是强调句是强调句,其基本句其基本句式是式是It is (was)+被强调部分被强调部分+that (who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语于主语,宾语和状语。宾语和状语。 of It was your mother_ I met in the street我在街上碰到的是你的母亲。我在街上碰到的是你的母亲。 It was in the street _I met your mother. 我是在街上碰到你母亲的。我是在街上碰到你母亲的。 It was_ who had been wrong. 错的是她。错的是她。 It was not until she got home_ her mother went to bed.whomthat she that It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters. (2005天津高考天津高考) A. that B. what C. which D. this 4. Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 很抱歉打断你很抱歉打断你, 我想问问他们是怎么我想问问他们是怎么在这里生活的？在这里生活的？ 句型句型“Im sorry.but.”是口语中委婉的是口语中委婉的表达表达, “but”表示语义上的转折。表示语义上的转折。 Are you free this weekend? Im sorry,_ l have lots of work to do - 周末有空吗周末有空吗? - 对不起对不起, 我有大量的事要做。我有大量的事要做。 but 2) 打岔打岔; 插嘴插嘴It is rude to interrupt. “Dont interrupt,” he said.1) 阻断阻断, 中断中断 His studies were interrupted by the war. Dont interrupt him, for he hasnt finished yet.interrupt interrupt v. 打扰，打断，阻碍。常有打扰，打断，阻碍。常有 “使使停止停止(中断中断)”的意思。的意思。 His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. disturb v. 打扰打扰, 妨碍。常指失去了正常妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。的状态或导致困难产生。 Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.区别区别: interrupt 和和disturb根据汉语提示完成句子根据汉语提示完成句子(1) The trade between the two countries _ (被中断被中断) by the war.(2) The house is so tall that it _ (挡住挡住) our view of Mount Tai.(3) Dont _ (插嘴插嘴) When others are talking.(4) She opened the door quietly so as not to _ (打扰打扰) the sleeping boy.was interruptedinterruptsinterruptdisturbSorry to _ you, but your mother is waiting outside.A. break B. interrupt C. stop D. disturb【解析】【解析】B 考查动词词义辨析。考查动词词义辨析。disturb 表示表示“扰乱、妨碍安静、平静扰乱、妨碍安静、平静或正常的秩序或正常的秩序”。而而interrupt 则强调则强调“使工作、谈话等中断使工作、谈话等中断”。stop表示表示“停止、阻止停止、阻止”；break表示表示“打破、打破、中止中止”。根据句意可推知。根据句意可推知B项正确。项正确。assume vt.1) to think that something is true although you have no proof of it 假定假定:设想设想 The scientists assume that there are no animals on the moon. 科学家设想月球上没有动物。科学家设想月球上没有动物。 2) to pretend 装作装作 She assumed a look of surprise. 她装出一副吃惊的样子。她装出一副吃惊的样子。根据汉语提示完成句子根据汉语提示完成句子(1) We must _ _ (假设他是对的假设他是对的) until he is proved wrong.(2) The theory _ (是以一系列错误的是以一系列错误的设想为依据的设想为依据的).assume him to be right/that he is rightis based on a series of wrong assumptions( ) I think we can safely _ that interest rates will go up again soon.A. assume B. accomplish C. attain D. assemble【解析】【解析】A 考查动词词义辩析。考查动词词义辩析。assume 意为意为 “完成完成(工作或任务工作或任务), 达到达到(某个程某个程度度)”; attain 意为意为“达到达到,获得获得”; assemble 意为意为“集合集合,装配装配”。根据句根据句意可知意可知A项正确。项正确。7. It seems that they might have used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skin. 考点考点 might have done是是“情态动词情态动词+ have done”，表示对过去情况的推测。，表示对过去情况的推测。此外，此外，“must / can / could / may + have done”也表示对过去发生的事情或情况也表示对过去发生的事情或情况的推测。的推测。考例考例 Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You _ it in the wrong place. (江西江西07)A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 点拨点拨 根据时间状语根据时间状语yesterday可知是对可知是对过去情况的推测，排除过去情况的推测，排除A、C; 根据句意根据句意“你可能是放错了地方你可能是放错了地方”选选D。B项中的项中的should have done 表示表示“本应该做某事本应该做某事, 但实际上未做但实际上未做”。 8. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well. 他们用这火取暖、做饭他们用这火取暖、做饭, 还能用火吓还能用火吓跑野兽。跑野兽。 1) would 表示猜测表示猜测, 译为译为 “想想必必”、“肯定会肯定会”。2) keep them warm为为keep+宾语宾语+宾语宾语补足语的结构意为补足语的结构意为 “使使.处于某种状处于某种状态（情况）态（情况）”。用作宾语补足语常见的。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。词以及介词短语。He kept me _ (wait) for half an hour.Keep your mouth _(shut)and your eyes_(open).waiting shut open3. We have been excavating here for many years and . 考点考点 have been doing 是现在完成进行是现在完成进行时，表示到现在为止一直在进行的动作，时，表示到现在为止一直在进行的动作，这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能停止了。这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能停止了。I_ (look) for my lostbook for three days, but I still haventfound it have been looking考例考例 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine school, where she _ English for a year.(湖南湖南2007)A. studies B. studiedC. is studying D. has been studying 点拨点拨 根据句子提供的时态和时间状语根据句子提供的时态和时间状语for a year选选D。此处用现在完成进行时。此处用现在完成进行时表示一年以来她一直在学英语。表示一年以来她一直在学英语。 9. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰, 几乎几乎有六米厚有六米厚, 这说明他们可能整个冬季都这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。在烧火。 但当但当suggest作作“建议建议”讲时讲时, 其用法为其用法为:(+doing) I suggest her _(go) home at once 我建议她马上回家。我建议她马上回家。 +(that) should doI suggested (that) she _(go) home at once我建议她要马上回家。我建议她要马上回家。suggest作作“表明，暗示表明，暗示”讲时讲时, 用本身的时态用本身的时态His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.going(should) gowas-How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays?-I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. A. insist B. wantC. suppose D. suggest10. Yes and so well preserved还保存得如此完好。还保存得如此完好。这是省略的句子这是省略的句子, 完整句应是完整句应是: and it is so well preserved (it指指necklace) preserve保护，维护，保存保护，维护，保存 词语辩析词语辩析 preserve 与与reservepreserve 着重指有价值的东西着重指有价值的东西, 保持其原貌保持其原貌, 一一旦毁坏旦毁坏, 无物可以代替。无物可以代替。His work must be preserved for posterity(后后世世). 他的作品当传诸后世。他的作品当传诸后世。We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources. 我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。(2) reserve 指指“保留保留(意见、看法意见、看法)；预定；预定(票、房、票、房、座位座位); 储藏储藏(以备将来使用以备将来使用)”.These seats are reserved for special guests. 这些座位是为特别的来宾保留的。这些座位是为特别的来宾保留的。We will reserve the money. We may need it later. 我们将把这笔钱存起来，也许以后用得着。我们将把这笔钱存起来，也许以后用得着。I have reserved a table at the restaurant. 我已在饭店预订一桌菜。我已在饭店预订一桌菜。根据汉语提示完成句子根据汉语提示完成句子(1) Its difficult to _ (保持自保持自尊尊self-respect ) in that job.(2) Wed like to _ (预定预定) a table for five for dinner.(3) It is policemen who _ (维持秩序维持秩序) in the street.preserve ones self-respect reservepreserve order考点考点 preserve保存；保持。保存；保持。考例考例 At minus 130, a living cell can be _ for a thousand years. (上海上海2007)A. spared B. protected C. preserved D. developed 点拨点拨 此句意为此句意为“在零下在零下130摄氏度，一摄氏度，一个活细胞可以保持一千年的时间个活细胞可以保持一千年的时间”。spare抽出抽出; protect保护保护; develop 发展。发展。 11. Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake 确实确实, 正如植物学分析具体显示给我正如植物学分析具体显示给我们的那样们的那样, 附近所有的土地都曾是大型附近所有的土地都曾是大型浅湖的一部分。浅湖的一部分。 a. as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作引导的非限制性定语从句常译作“正如正如 那那样样”。 _the proverb goes, “The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheeps clothing.”正如谚语所说正如谚语所说的那样的那样, 伪装的敌人就像是披着羊皮的狼。伪装的敌人就像是披着羊皮的狼。The Pacific is the largest ocean, _ we allknow.Tom suddenly fell ill, _ made us sad. Asaswhichwhich指代整个句子，指代整个句子， 译成译成“这这” If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! 她今年要是早有预见，计划更好些就好了！她今年要是早有预见，计划更好些就好了！ If only the whole family _(be) united during the Spring Festival! 今年春节全家能团圆就好了！今年春节全家能团圆就好了！ As many as 150 miners died in the accident. If only mine owners _(pay) enough attention to the safety measures! 多大多大150名矿工在那次事故中丧生，要是矿主足名矿工在那次事故中丧生，要是矿主足够关注安全措施就好了！够关注安全措施就好了！ If only I _(have) a big house!could behad paidhad If only要是要是.就好了和就好了和 only if 只要只要 I failed again. _ I had had time to review my lessons. _ you promise not to invite Mary will I come.If only Only if If only 要用虚拟语气要用虚拟语气Only if 要用部分倒装要用部分倒装 Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. 突然间她坐了下来，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹突然间她坐了下来，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把搂了过来。露娜一把搂了过来。 He hurried to the airport only _ (find) that the film star had left. He hurried to the airport only _ (tell) that the film star had left. I tore the box, only _(discover) that some of the parts were missing. His father died, _(leave) him a lot of money.He won the first place in the internationalcompetition, _(make) himself famous.to find to be told to discoverleaving making b. part 前无前无 adj. 修饰时为不可数名词修饰时为不可数名词, 前面前面不用冠词；其前有不用冠词；其前有adj. 修饰时为可数名词，修饰时为可数名词，要用冠词。要用冠词。 The blues has been part of African American culture since then and it is still an important part of American culture 自从那以后布鲁斯就已经是非美文化的一自从那以后布鲁斯就已经是非美文化的一部分部分, 而且现在仍是美国文化的重要部分。而且现在仍是美国文化的重要部分。 He got _(arrest) for robbing. She is quite _(skill) at dealing with difficult customers. Tomb Sweeping Day _ (追溯到追溯到) the Spring and Autumn Period. The new drug has great _ (significant) for the treatment of the disease. We must take measures_ (accelerate) the rate of economic growth. To be honest, I applaud you _ your decision.arrestedget arrested for 因因遭逮捕遭逮捕skilfulbe skilful at 擅长做擅长做dates back to /dates fromsignificance重要意义重要意义to accelerateaccelerate加速；促进加速；促进forapplaud sb for 因因赞赏某人赞赏某人 The law requires equal treatment for everyone, _ race, religion or sex.regardless of regardless of 不顾；不管怎样；无论如何不顾；不管怎样；无论如何