2022年沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习 .pdf
沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)1 / 11 沪教牛津版初中英语八年级上册总复习词汇与词组部分一、词汇知多少?单词释义拓展单词释义拓展human adj. 人的human being 人born v. 出生be born 出生于dinosaur n. 恐龙perhaps adv. 可能,大概inventor n. 发明家invent v. 发明invention n. 发明(物)类似活用: create musician n. 音乐家music n. 音乐notebook n. 笔记本scientist n. 科学家science n. 科学include v. 包括,包含including+ 物物+includedcountryside n. 乡村,农村in the countryside 在农村even adv. 甚至intelligence n. 智慧intelligent adj. 聪明的,有智力的however adv. 然而ability n. 才能,能力able adj. 能干的be able to 能够suddenly adv. 突然,忽然nobody pron. 没有人win v. 获胜,赢win-won-won dollar n. 美元number n. 数字check v. 核实,检查check in 登记check out 结账离开instructions n. 指示,命令challenge v. 向(某人)挑战challenge to向(某人)挑战gram n. 克kilogram n. 千克promise v. 许诺,承诺promise sb.to do sth. accident n. (交通)事故prize n. 奖赏,奖品chess n. 象棋play chess 下象棋chessboard n. 棋盘India n. 印度Indian n. 印度人adj. 印度的grain n. 谷粒wise adj.有智慧的double v. (使)加倍adj.两个的,双倍的amount n. 数量,数额a large amount of+ 不可数名词大量的 ,rest n. 剩余部分the rest of 剩余的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)2 / 11 gold n. 金子,黄金instead adv. 代替,顶替instead of 代替, 是, 而不是精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)3 / 11 单词释义拓展单词释义拓展realize v. 意识到,认识copy v. 抄写,誊写copy down 抄写, 誊写correctly adv. 准确无误地;正确地correct adj. 准确的traffic n. 交通order n. 订货,订购v.命令;“命令某人做某事” 为order sb. to do sth. monitor n. 显示器n. 班长compare v. 比较,对比compare to/with 与 比较speaker n. 扬声器type v. 打字keyboard n. 键盘control v. 操纵,控制(机器或系统等)mouse n. 鼠标n. 老鼠;复数为 micedepend v. 依靠,依赖depend on 主语为人:依靠主语为物:取决于popular adj. 受喜爱的,受欢迎的be popular with/among 在, 中 受欢迎operate v. 操作,控制operation n.手术, 操作tiny adj. 极小的,微小的expensive adj. 昂贵的,价格高的speed n. 速度total n. 总额,合计grand total 总计, 共计railway n. 铁路系统in the railway 在铁路inch n. 英寸company n. 公司sell v. 出售,售卖(sell- sold- sold) price n. 价格brain n. 脑advertisement n. 广告advertise v. 做广告funny adj.滑稽的, 好笑的make fun of 取笑create v. 创造,创作creator n. 创作者creation n. 创作develop v. 开发,研制developing country 发展中国家developed country 发达国家telephone n. 电话mobile phone 移动电话practical adj.有用的, 适用的practicable adj. 能 实行的, 行得通的wheel n. 车轮,轮子可数名词since prep. 从 , 以 后 ,自, 以 来since then 自那以来carriage n. 四轮马车distance n. 距离,间距in the distance 在远处century n. 世纪in centuries 几个世纪以来anytime adv. 在任何时候,随便什么时候精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)4 / 11 单词释义拓展单词释义拓展passenger n. 乘客,旅客comfortable adj. 使人舒服的,舒适的lamp n. 灯invent v. 发明,创造invention inventor candle n. 蜡烛dust n. 灰尘,尘土daytime n. 白天,日间in the daytime 在白天special adj. 特殊的 ,特别的wing n. (飞行器的)翅膀,机翼introduction n. 引言introduce v. 介绍petrol n. 汽油gas 同义词educational adj. 有关教育的,有教育意义的educate v. 教育education n. 教育educator n. 教育家experience n.(可数)经历,体验n.(不可数)经验v.(及物动词)经历exchange n. 交流,互访v.交换,兑换host n. 主人v.主办,主持chopstick n. 筷子常用复数chopsticks a pair of chopsticks local adj. 当地的the locals 本地人weekday n. 工作日weekend n. 周末British adj. 英国的Britain n.英国fantastic adj. 极好的,了不起的glad adj. 高兴,愉快culture n. 文化cultural adj. 有文化的guest n. 客人,宾客introduce v. 使 ,初次了解, ,使尝试introduce oneself to 向某人自我介绍tour v. 在 , 旅游n. 旅游success n. 成功(不可数)succeed v. 成功successful adj. 成功的already adv. 已经,早已用于肯定句respect v. 慎重对待,尊重n. 尊重yet adv. 尚未,仍未用于疑问句和否定句ancient adj. 古代的;古老的war n. 战争at war 在交战状态中in the war 战争期间understand v. 懂,理解understand- understood- understood captain n. 首领,队长,列车长,船长v. 指挥,率领;后接n 或 pron.difference n. 差异,区别different adj. 不同的make a difference 有影响,起 .作用secret adj. 秘密的n. 秘密;诀窍keep a secret 保 守秘密; in secret 秘密地celebrate v. 庆祝,庆贺celebration n.庆祝huge adj. 巨大的stupid adj.笨的,傻的近义词: foolish silly pull v. (向某方向)拖,拉动精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)5 / 11 单词释义拓展单词释义拓展midnight n. 午夜,子夜at midnight 半夜main adj. 主要的empty adj. 空的v.倒空,倾空soldier n. 士兵;(复数形式: soldiers)except prep. 除.之外except for 除, 之 外side n. 侧面quietly adv. 安静地quiet adj.安静的keep quiet 保持安静army n. 陆军部队enter v. 进来,进入(新生活、新局面等);报名参加(考试、比赛等)enter into sth. 积极参与,开始讨论succeed v. 达到目的,实现目标succeed in doing sth 成功做某事trick n. 计谋play a trick on sb 捉弄某人steel v. 偷,窃取(steal- stole- stolen) queen n. 王后prince n. 王子scene n. (戏剧或歌剧的)场punish v. 处罚,惩罚punishment n. 惩罚memory n. 记忆力,记性;回忆,记忆corner n. 角English corner 英语角lose v. 丧失,失去,失败,输lose-lost-lost adj. 迷途的,失去的get/be lost 迷路lose one s way 迷路lose weight 减肥lose interest in对 失去兴趣trouble n. 麻烦be in trouble 在困境中get into trouble 陷入麻烦get out of trouble 摆脱麻烦have trouble doing sth 做, 有 麻烦mention v. 提到,说到Mention about 提及method n. 方法,办法可数名词: methods spell v. 用字母拼,拼写spelt-spelt spelling n. 拼写,拼法mind n. 头脑,大脑silly adj. 可笑的mile n. 英里letter n. 字母n. 书信,证书v. 用字母标注, 加标题worth adj.值得,有价值(后接名代词, 不接 to do)worthy adj. 有价值的worthless adj.无价值的be worth doing 值得做improve v. 改进,改善,提高的价值; 利用;improvement n. 改善unless conj. 除非=if not step n. 步骤cycle n. 循环n. 自行车,周期v. 骑自行车,循环similar adj. 相像的,类似的note n. 纸币wallet n. 钱包,皮夹子basket n. 篮,筐basketball n. 篮球manager n. (企业的)经理精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 11 页沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)6 / 11 单词释义拓展单词释义拓展list n. 清单v. 列出speech n. 演说,发言make a speech 做演讲notice n. 通告,布告competition n. 比赛,竞赛compete v. 竞赛,竞争compete with sb. competitor n. 竞争者treasure n. 珍宝,宝物treasure hunt 寻宝游戏text n. 文本chance n. 机会,机遇have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事同义词: opportunity confidently adv. 自信地confident adj.自信的;confidence n. 自信;topic n. 话题n. 主题,标题winner n. 优胜者win v. 获胜反义词: lose losern. 失败者advise v. 建议;劝告advise sb to do sth 建议某人做 ,advise doing sth. 建议做某事 ,advice n.建议(不可数)a piece of advice 一则建议several det. 几个,一些opinion n. 意见,想法in my opinion 依我看whole adj. 整个的,全部的suggestion n. 建议,提议suggest v.建议a piece of suggestion 一条建议communicate v.交流信息, 沟通communicate with sb 与, 交 流whenever conj. 在任何 , 的 时候,在 任何, 的情况下= no matter when rich adj. 富有的,富裕的poor adj. 贫穷的,贫寒的hide v. 藏,隐蔽(hide- hid- hidden) attack v. 袭击,攻击choose v. 选择,挑选chose- chosen choose to do sth 选择做 ,choice n. 选择else adv. 其他的,别的or else 否则,要不然;可放在不定或疑问代词之后;可 构 成 所 有 格 形 式else s ; It can t be anybody else s. shy adj. 羞怯的,腼腆的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 11 页沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)7 / 11 二、词组都还记得吗?词组释义词组释义in the countryside 在乡村,在农村human being 人at the end of 在, 末 尾go for a walk 散步next to 相邻,紧挨着for example 例如in the world 在世界上at school 在学校take pictures of 拍照would like 想要make sb. do sth 使某人做某事look at 看how long 多长(时间)in the centre 在中心be born 出生be born in + 地点出生在某地be born in/on + 时间出生于某时be born with 天生具有,与生俱来be born of 出生于某种家庭more than 多于,超过注意: more than 后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。no more than 仅仅,不过not more than 不多于,不超过die out 灭绝,消失die from 因 , 而 死(创伤、事故等)die of 因, 而 死(疾病、情感等)die away 消失;die down 逐渐消失learn to do sth 学习做某事learn about 了解;学习;learn from 向, 学习;learn by oneself 自学;learn one s lesson 吸取教训used to do sth 过去常常做某事(现在不做)否定:主语 +didn t use to do sth. be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事remember to do sth 记得要做某事 (未做)remember doing sth. 曾经做过某事(已做)类似用法: forgetfind out 了解,弄清楚find out : 强调结果。(指经过观察、调查把事情查清)look for: 强调过程或动作。be famous for 以, 而 闻名be famous as 作为 , 而闻名look like 看起来像look alike=look like each other 看起来像;look the same 看起来一样; (后不接宾语)注意区分 like 的 4 个句型,你能列举吗?p152 a number of 许多a number of + 复数名词 /代词 +谓语动词:复数the number of + 复数名词 /代词 +谓语动词:单数(, 的数量)look up 查阅,查找(词典或参考书、电脑等)记住搭配用法:look up the word in the dictionary look the word up in the dictionary 代词只能是:look it up 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 11 页沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)8 / 11 词组释义词组释义come out of 从, 出 来live on earth 生活在地球上a long time ago 很早以前challengeto向, 挑战,and so on 等等copy down 抄写,眷写play chess 下国际象棋play cards 玩牌the rest of 剩下的,其余for sure 确保,无疑follow one s advice 听从某人的建议from then on 从那时起not.any more 不再take place 发生all the year round 全年at first 起初the amount of , 的数量lead to 导致would like to do sth 想要做某事同义转换: would like to do sth =feel like doing sth = want to do sth 常用句型: Would you like to do sth.?Yes, I d love to.(肯) / I d love to, but adj/adv.+ enough to do sth 足够, 做某事This article is difficult enough to write. 名词 +enough 表示“足够 的, ”hundreds of 数以百计的(概数)类似用法: thousands of / millions of 注意:确切数字接hundred 不用复数形式。hundreds of three hundred in the future 将来work as 从事, 工作be unaware of 没意识到,没察觉到depend on (人)依靠、指望;(物)取决于in addition 除, 以 外还 ,grand total 总计,共计look forward to doing sth 盼望,期待get on the Internet 上网浏览pocket money 零用钱as well 也be able to do sth 能够做某事a grain of rice 一粒米how often 多久一次(频率)play computer games 玩电脑游戏be bad for 对too much 太多,be made of 由, 制成(可看出原材料,如桌椅)成品+ be made by + 制造者成品+ be made in + 产地材料+ be made into +成品成品+ be made from + 材料(看不出原料,如纸)be short of 缺少,缺乏be short for , 的 缩写反义词: be rich in 富有, 的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 11 页沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)9 / 11 have a good time 玩得开心=enjoy oneself = have fun Why not do sth? 为什么 不, ?常用于向别人提建议同义句型: Why don t you do sth ? stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事stop to do sth 停下来其他事情,开始做不定式的动作;stop doing sth 停止做某事,指停止stop 后的动作。stop sb. from doing sth 阻止某人做某事mobile phone 移动电话instead of 代替,作为 , 的 替换since then 自那以来keep in touch with 与, 保持联系in the daytime 在白天imagine doing sth 想象做某事at the same time 同时light bulb 灯泡in front of 在, 的 前面throw away 扔掉turn into 变成right now 立刻,马上all the time 一直,向来make a mess 弄得一团糟with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事keep.off 远离, 使, 不接近Keep the children off the fire. It s dangerous! keep on doing sth. 继续做同一件事(动作反复)keep doing sth 继续不断做某事(状态持续)keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事worry about 担心so far 迄今为止,到目前为止fill in 填写intr oduce to使, 初次了 解,come over (to)(远距离) 从, 到,host family 寄宿家庭make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友think of 考虑,想起a group of 一组practice doing sth 练习做某事be friendly to sb. 对某人友好places of interest 名胜古迹local culture 当地文化educational exchange 教育交流on time 准时deal with 对待,处理get ready for 为某事做准备plan to do sth 计划做某事at first 起初,起先= in the beginning be proud of 以, 为 自豪= take pride in one another 彼此= each other 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 11 页沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)10 / 11 词组释义词组释义can t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事can t help doing sth = can t help but do sth 禁不住做某事,情不自禁做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事表达对某事的期望:I hope so. 我希望如此。I hope not. 但愿不会。apply for sth. 申请某物application n.申请表apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物a bit of + 不可数 n. 小量a bit + adj./adv. = a little 稍微,有点儿act out 将, 表 演出来except for 除, 以外in the end 最后come on 加油give up doing sth 放弃做某事in ancient times 在古代look down at 俯视under attack 受到攻击succeed in doing sth 成功做某事be successful in (doing) sth. 在(做 ), 方面获得成功make jokes about 拿, 开 玩笑同义: make fun of = laugh at 常用短语: tell jokes/ a joke 讲笑话play a joke on sb. = make a joke about sb. 开某人的玩笑be full of 装满,充满= be filled with 同义短语be afraid of 害怕,恐惧be afraid to do sth 恐惧做某事take out (从银行账户)提取stay away from 远离,不接近be similar to 与, 相 似how many 多少, (可数)write down 写下,记下far from 远离addto. 将, 加 到,switch off 关掉slow down 慢下来cut down 砍掉eithero r或, 或 ,less than 少于,live a healthy live 过着健康的生活at a time 每次,逐一in the future 将来in future 从今,以后=from now on have trouble in doing sth 做某事有麻烦be in trouble with 与, 相处有麻烦getinto trouble 使, 陷入困境how much 多少钱How much =What s the price of?pour out 涌出pour out of 从, 涌出;pour into 将, 倒进 ,精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 11 页沪教牛津版八年级上册英语词汇与词组总复习(Word 版)11 / 11 词组释义词组释义treasure hunt 寻宝游戏in public 当众,公开地had better do sth 最好做某事in my opinion 在我看来above all 最重要的是,尤其是look out 小心,当心take part in 参加give a speech 演讲belong to 属于set a trap for sb. 给某人设圈套put on 上演;穿上;增加相关常用短语归纳:put one s heart into 全神贯注于put away 放好;put through 接通put forward 提出;put out 熄灭,伸出put up with 忍受put up 举起,张贴精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 11 页