复件Howtodoreading课件2.ppt

How to do reading?从题目设置分析英语阅读先读文章还是先读题？对于英语阅读而言：毫不犹豫先读题！高效阅读速读法n（1）快速阅读文章后的45道题目，并将题目中的关键词或定位词（一般为实词，通常为主语、谓语、宾语或比较容易找到数字、人名等，也可能是关键的信号词，如only等）用笔划下来。这样做的目的有两个：一是获得将要阅读的文章的大概意思，二是为解题做好准备。 n（2）快速阅读原文。一边阅读一边划出文章中的含有重要信息的词、短语或句子。如果将文章中的重要信息都划出来了，到第三步解题时寻找所需信息就容易了。这比盲目地寻找方便得多。 n（3）应对细节题目和概括性题目不仅要懂得文章的表层意义，还要理解深层的内含；不仅要掌握作者的观点倾向，还要获取字里行间隐含的信息。但同时必须提醒考生的是切忌无根无据地随意猜想或推理，把白的东西说成是黑的，把自己的观点当作是作者的。也就是说你所做的每一个推断或引申都应该是合情合理的，具有充分依据的。 1. SkimmingnRead quickly， noting only the main points.牛津高阶词典nTo look over or read (something) quickly especially to find the main ideas.韦氏高阶词典 略读略读nSkimming既然是略读，我们就不需要逐字去读，要学会挑选关键词，借助关键词同样能使人完整理解文章大意。2. ScanningnReading a text quickly in order to find specific information.n中小学英语教师发展丛书nWhen you scan written material, you look through it quickly in order to find important or interesting information.n柯林斯高阶词典nScanning就是“扫描”，也就是我们所说的“扫读、找读、跳读”。n说到这种方法，大家最熟悉的莫过于查词典。n 这种阅读方法尤其适合于广告图表类题目，因为广告类题目大部分的情况下都是信息对比题大家先看题目，找出定位词或关键词，然后再到文章里找相关信息，最后进行对比；这个过程其实就是scanning，换句话说，我们没有必要把一则广告从头到尾地、逐字逐句地阅读，只要找准定位词，快速地在文章内“扫描”出定位词，问题也就迎刃而解。 n适合这种方法的不仅仅是广告图表题材中的信息对比题，很多考查细节理解类的题目也大多可以使用这种方法，如词义推测、数字计算等。当然，其他文体的阅读在使用这一方法的时候，千万不要忘了联系文章的主旨大意和作者的态度观点。【例】n（2012.绍兴）Rebecca is a wildlife camerawoman and she was filming a documentary for the BBC in the Pacific Ocean when she saw something that made her cry hundreds of dead birds that had died because nRebecca cried one day when she _ .nA. found the ocean was pollutednB. was thrown into the waternC. saw quite a lot of dead birdsnD. was listening to BBC news答题技巧：n看清题目所问的内容之后，要在原文中划出原句，并标上题号。n这样做的目的：n1）做到万无一失，保证把该拿到的分数拿到手。n2）减少阅读文章的次数，争取宝贵的时间。英语阅读常见的题目设置方式有哪些？n1. Which is the best title of the passage?n2. In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.n3. The passage mainly tells us that_.n4. From the story we know that_.n5. The writer doesnt agree that _.n6. According to the story , what would happen next？n7. The word “*” in the passage probably means _.n8. Which of the following is NOT True in the passage?n9. Choose the right order of this passage.n我们从问题的设置上将其总结为四种类型：n1、直接性题目；n2、理解性题目；n3、推理性题目；n4、概括性题目。1、直接性题目n这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，很多甚至可以直接从文章的原句中找到答案。2、理解性题目n要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或者句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确的选择。以猜测词义题型为典型代表。n而说到猜测词义，无非是两种形式。n1、该单词较为常见，但在此处意思并不常用，必须联系上下文找相应线索；n2、该单词较生僻，比较少见，但这类词反而更容易猜测得分，一般前后两句之内必有解释。【例】nKim was amazed when she heard the good news. “I couldnt believe it when they called me,” she said. “He has a very big heart. If someone else had found the purse, the money would be gone.” As a reward, Kim gave the man 100 dollars. The homeless man gave half of the money to Sherry Wesley and asked her to donate it to charity for him.nThe sentence in the last paragraph “He has a very big heart.” means _ in Chinese. nA. 他很贪心。 B. 他有野心。 C. 他很高尚。【例】nMost women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的). nWhich of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” nA. repeat B. reiterated nC. uneducated D. sick 构词法nilliterate:nliterate（有文化的; 博学的 ）nil-否定前缀，其变形有in-, im-, ir-n如：inexpensive; impossible, impolite; irregular.n既然literate表示“有文化的; 博学的”，那么，illiterate意为“没文化的，文盲的” 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列常在词或短语之间有并列连词连词and或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法反义法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测【例】nChinese space experts（专家）, technicians（技术员） and other work staff, joined by experts from Japan, Germany and other countries as well as millions of domestic audience（国内观众）from across the country, were watching the launching process(发射过程).nA. 工作人员 B. 机器 nC. 工作时间 D.团队精神【例】【例】nTom is lazy but his brother is industrious.nA. lazy B. carefulnC. brave D. hard-working【例】n（2012.绍兴）Instinctively(本能地), the young man gestured as if he were ready for a fight, and tried to scare the beast（野兽） off with the bag in his hands. nThe underlined word “gestured” probably means “_”.nA. ran away quickly.nB. became confidentnC. moved his hands hardnD. fell to the groundn理解性题目除了词义猜测类题型意外，还要n注意绝对化的句子表达。n如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。n比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：Almost everyone likes the music. 答题时，出现Everyone likes the music. 就须得小心，此时已偷换了概念。3、推理性题目n这种题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或者对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时候甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、意图等因素加以推理，才能获得正确答案。推理性题目常见的题目设置n1. From the story we know that_.n2. According to the writer, _.n3. In the passage the writer tries to tell us that _.n4. The writer doesnt agree that _.n5. According to the story , what would happen next？n6. We may know that during the summer holiday _.n既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。【例】nNext, game players might have trouble with their lessons. Many of them spend more time playing games than working on their homework. In the end, _.n55. Which of the following is the right sentence for the blank (空白处) in Paragraph 5?nA. they might become ill nB. they might lose their friendsnC. they might stop playing games nD they might get lower grades at school4、概括性题目n要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解答这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文中内含信息。概括性题目常见题目设置n1) Which is the best title of the passage?n2) Which of the following is this passage about?n3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.n4) The passage mainly tells us that_.概括性题目答题要领n排除以下可能的干扰项： n1.干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节；（以点概面，以偏概全）n2.干扰项可能属从文中某些不完全的事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；（片面理解上的错误推断）n3.干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观判断。（文中未提及的观点，即使逻辑正确，表达清楚也也不能选。）n有时候答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。n因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。所以，当看到第一答案是正确的时候，也要看后面的答案。此时，答案不选对的，只选最好的。n比答案的原则是：好的不知道的；不知道的不对的。【例】n In 1998, World Cup Football Match held in France took up a new rule. Instead of the usual black and white ball, a colorful ball was used in the game. The new ball was made up of 32 pieces of three colors: red, blue and white. Interestingly enough, the French national flag happened to be in three colors, too. Besides, 32 teams took part in the coming World Cup. But early football was made up of eight pieces of leather. As time went by, more pieces of leather were used, from 12 pieces to 18 to 26 and then to 32 now. n1. Whats the best title for this passage? nA. Football of New Kind nB. 98 World Cup Football MatchnC. 32 teams took part in the coming World CupnD. Three-color Flag of France